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Neutron-activated biodegradable samarium-153 acetylacetonate-poly-L-lactic acid microspheres for intraarterial radioembolization of hepatic tumors

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world Journal of Experimental Medicine 2020年第2期10卷 10-25页

作者： Yin-How wong Hun-Yee Tan Azahari Kasbollah Basri johan Jeet Abdullah Rajendra Udyavara Acharya Chai-Hong Yeong School of Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya 47500SelangorMalaysia School of Biosciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya 47500SelangorMalaysia Medical Technology Division Malaysian Nuclear AgencyBangi 43000SelangorMalaysia Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann PolytechnicSingapore 599489Singapore

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the 6 th most common cancer in the world and the 4 th most common death from cancer *** radioembolization is a minimally invasive treatment involving intraarterial administration of radioembolic *** To develop a neutron-activated,biodegradable and theranostics samarium-153 acetylacetonate(153SmAcAc)-poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)microsphere for intraarterial radioembolization of hepatic *** Microspheres with different concentrations of 152SmAcAc(i.e.,100%,150%,175%and 200%w/w)were prepared by solvent evaporation *** microspheres were then activated using a nuclear reactor in a neutron flux of 2×10^12n/cm^2/s^1,converting 152Sm to Samarium-153(153)Sm)via 152Sm(n,γ) 153Sm *** SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres before and after neutron activation were characterized using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,particle size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermo-gravimetric analysis and gamma *** in-vitro radiolabeling efficiency was also tested in both 0.9% sodium chloride solution and human blood plasma over a duration of 550 *** The SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with different SmAcAc contents remained spherical before and after neutron *** mean diameter of the microspheres was about 35μ*** activity achieved for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)SmAcAc after 3 h neutron activation were 1.7±0.05,2.5±0.05,2.7±0.07,and 2.8±0.09 GBq/g,*** activity of per microspheres were determined as 48.36±1.33,74.10±1.65,97.87±2.48,and 109.83±3.71 Bq for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)*** energy dispersive X-ray and gamma spectrometry showed that no elemental and radioactive impurities present in the microspheres after neutron *** efficiency of 153Sm in the SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres was excellent(approximately 99%)in both 0.9%sodium chloride solution and hum

关键词： Radioembolization Samarium-153 Yittrium-90 Biodegradable microsphere Liver tumors Neutron activation

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Distributed Analytics on Sensitive Medical Data:The Personal Health Train

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 96-107,305,306,307页

作者： Oya Beyan Ananya Choudhury johan van Soest Oliver Kohlbacher Lukas Zimmermann Holger Stenzhorn Md.Rezaul Karim Michel Dumontier Stefan Decker Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Andre Dekker Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology(FIT) 53754 Sankt AugustinGermany RwTH Aachen University 52056 AachenGermany Department of Radiation Oncology(MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center6200 MD MaastrichtThe Netherlands Institute of Data Science Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 60Maastricht 6229 ERThe Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of TübingenTubingenBaden-Württemberg 72076Germany Quantitative Biology Center University of TübingenTubingenBaden-Württemberg 72076Germany Institute for Translational Bioinformatics University of TubingenTubingenBaden-Württemberg 72076Germany Center for Bioinformatics University of TübingenGermany GO FAIR International Support&Coordination Office(GFISCO) LeidenThe Netherlands

In recent years,as newer technologies have evolved around the healthcare ecosystem,more and more data have been *** analytics could power the data collected from numerous sources,both from healthcare institutions,or generated by individuals themselves via apps and devices,and lead to innovations in treatment and diagnosis of diseases;improve the care given to the patient;and empower citizens to participate in the decision-making process regarding their own health and ***,the sensitive nature of the health data prohibits healthcare organizations from sharing the *** Personal Health Train(PHT)is a novel approach,aiming to establish a distributed data analytics infrastructure enabling the(re)use of distributed healthcare data,while data owners stay in control of their own *** main principle of the PHT is that data remain in their original location,and analytical tasks visit data sources and execute the *** PHT provides a distributed,flexible approach to use data in a network of participants,incorporating the FAIR *** facilitates the responsible use of sensitive and/or personal data by adopting international principles and *** paper presents the concepts and main components of the PHT and demonstrates how it complies with FAIR principles.

关键词： Distributed analytics Data reuse FAIR Health data Ethics and privacy

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Metabolic, Health and Lifestyle Profiling of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Patients and the Risk of Developing Fatigue

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 731-740页

作者： R. Hugh Dunstan Diane L. Sparkes Christopher wratten James w. Denham johan Gottfries Tim K. Roberts Margaret M. Macdonald Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology Gothenberg Sweden Radiation Oncology Department Calvary Mater Newcastle Newcastle Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan Australia

Background: Fatigue is commonly reported by cancer patients. In some instances it can persist after treatment is completed. In order to develop effective treatment strategies it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue and to be able to predict those that may be at greatest risk of experiencing fatigue during and following treatment. The current paper examines predisposing factors for fatigue including altered fatty acid homeostasis in a cohort of breast cancer radiotherapy patients. Methodology: Patients had undergone breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant breast irradiation. Prior to radiotherapy the patients were free from significant fatigue. Levels of fatigue were determined prior to and following radiotherapy using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy fatigue subscale. Plasma fatty acid levels, urinary and plasma amino acid levels, blood biochemistry factors and general health and lifestyle characteristics were assessed. Results: Following radiotherapy, significant fatigue affected approximately one third of the 26 patients and these subjects were then assigned to the fatigued cohort. Univariate analysis revealed that higher levels of the fatty acids myristic acid and eicosadienoic acid were present for the fatigued cohort prior to radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis also revealed that fatty acid homeostasis was altered between the fatigued and non-fatigued groups at baseline. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of the general health, lifestyle and metabolic data revealed that the fatigued and non-fatigued patients could be clustered into two clearly separate groups. Conclusions: The results supported the proposition that the fatigued patients had an underlying metabolic homeostasis which may predispose them to the development of fatigue. Biochemical and general health profiling of breast cancer patients has the potential to identify those at most risk of developing significant fatigue following

关键词： Fatigue Fatty Acids Radiotherapy Breast Cancer

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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan Connolly willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas johan Berglund C.John Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory w.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim Laszlo Szarka Harry van Loon Victor M.Velasco Herrera Richard C.willson Hong Yan weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comision de Investigaciones Cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway College of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(ACRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key Laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPCC reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a:A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： wenda Zhang weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu johan P. U. Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh w. Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers weihua Lei wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng wang Song wang Tinggui wang Zhongxiang wang Qingwen wu Xuefeng wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao wang Juan wang Lei wang wenxin wang Yilong wang Yusa wang Qinyu wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University National Astronomical Observatories Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas Chinese Academy of Sciences South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Universite' Paris Cite' CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Universite' Paris Cite' CEA Paris-Saclay School of Astronomy and Space Sciences IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAwN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk 2201 AZ The Netherlands Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology Hefei School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Science

we report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with wide-field X-ray Telescope （wXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 keV,300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 keV,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for4d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

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印度尼西亚西加里曼丹铝土矿地质、成因及其储量

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轻金属 1986年第2期 3-7页

作者： johan K.Rodenburg 王恩孚

前言 1924年在民丹群岛的西南首先发现铝土矿(Bemmelen, R. w. Van, 1940,1941)。1935年由NIBEM公司开始开采,1958年由PERBAKI公司继续生产。久克(1936年)发现在邦加岛上也赋存有铝土矿。第二次世界大战期间,一本日本未发表的原始资料指... 详细信息

前言 1924年在民丹群岛的西南首先发现铝土矿(Bemmelen, R. w. Van, 1940,1941)。1935年由NIBEM公司开始开采,1958年由PERBAKI公司继续生产。久克(1936年)发现在邦加岛上也赋存有铝土矿。第二次世界大战期间,一本日本未发表的原始资料指出,在雷

关键词：铝土矿石英二长岩角页岩铝矿物角岩加里曼丹铝矿床地质印度尼西亚

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Studies on Mode of Expression of Apple （Malus x domestica Borkh.） Bud Dormancy under Tropical and Temperate Climatic Conditions

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第7期3卷 503-516页

作者： Getachew Hruy Julie Tegenbos Renske Petre Tom Deckers Yikunoamlak Teklebirhan Hans Bauer Kindeya Gebrehiwot Dirk Raes Jozef Deckers johan Keulemans Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia Laboratory for Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology KU Leuven W. De Croylaan 42 Heverlee Belgium Pcfruit Fruittuinweg 1 B - 3800 St. Truiden Belgium MU-IUC Research Team Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia wildCRU University of Oxford UK Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University P.O. Box 231 Mekelle Ethiopia Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E B - 3001 Heverlee Belgium

A study was conducted to describe the progression of bud dormancy in 1-year-old apple （Malus x domestica Borkh） shoots grown at two contrasting climatic conditions （Belgium, temperate and Ethiopia, tropics）. The experiment was carried out on ＂Golden＂ and ＂Gala＂ cultivars for two consecutive years （2010/2011 and 2011/2012）. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted on ＂MM106＂ apple rootstock during 2010/2011 only in Ethiopia. Variations in inverse of time to 50% budburst were interpreted in terms of evolution of growth capacity of the buds. Despite differences observed with chilling accumulation later in winter or early in spring, depending on environments, depth of endodormancy intensity during winter can be summarized as follows： buds from pruned shoots were less endodormant than terminal buds of the intact shoots and terminal buds were more endodormant than the dormancy intensity of upper buds of the disbudded shoots, suggesting proximal buds can grow more readily than does terminal ones. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a considerably strong paradormancy inhibition by distal shoot parts and buds, which was more pronounced in Ethiopia than in Belgium, highlighting the importance of designing and applying appropriate pruning and dormancy avoidance strategies in mild-winter climates. Finally, as still there is knowledge gap on bud dormancy progression and its control mechanism especially under mild climates, our study highlights the need for further in-depth research using biological and biochemical tests.

关键词： Bud dormancy, basitony, acrotony, Malus domestica, Ethiopia, Belgium

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亚洲土壤对酸化的敏感性:现状与展望

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第4期37卷 281-289页

作者： w. Kevin Hicks johan C. I. Kuylenstierna Anne Owen Frank Dentener Hans-Martin Seip Henning Rodhe 马泽清（译）哈艳梅（译）斯德哥尔摩环境研究所欧洲委员会联合研究中心奥斯陆大学不详

一直以来,研究者发现在中国南方及东南亚地区存在土壤酸化超出标准稳定状态的临界载荷的现象,但尚无证据能够说明土壤酸化在中国境外的影响。本研究介绍了一种在硫(S)、氮(N)和钙(Ca)的未来潜在排放情景下,亚洲土壤敏感性对酸沉降的时... 详细信息

一直以来,研究者发现在中国南方及东南亚地区存在土壤酸化超出标准稳定状态的临界载荷的现象,但尚无证据能够说明土壤酸化在中国境外的影响。本研究介绍了一种在硫(S)、氮(N)和钙(Ca)的未来潜在排放情景下,亚洲土壤敏感性对酸沉降的时间效应的计算方法。这种方法通过对亚洲可用性数据的匹配,制作了区域尺度图,估算了在相应的酸沉降条件下,土壤盐基饱和度需要多少时间(年)能达到20%的临界上限。研究结果表明,南亚、东南亚和东亚的土壤类型敏感地区,包括中国南部部分地区,以及缅甸、海南、老挝、泰国、越南和印度西高止山脉等,达到显著酸化的程度可能需要0～50年(尺度),这主要取决于当地的管理水平、生物和非生物的因素等。为了更明确地评估风险,需要贯穿亚洲代表不同植被和土壤类型及管理制度的典型区域的定点观测数据,如土壤化学、沉降(尤其是相应的阳离子沉降)、土壤和生态系统中硫、氮含量、可收获的生物量及风化速率等。本文介绍的国家和区域评估土壤的简单方法,可以对土壤酸化相关的影响时间尺度进行正确评价,有助于下一步研究,通过相关措施可降低酸化的风险。

关键词：土壤敏感性土壤酸化亚洲东南亚地区展望临界载荷中国南方时间效应

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The acid lakes and rivers of Copahue Volcano, Argentina

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 229-229页

作者： johan C. Varekamp Earth & Environmental Sciences wesleyan University Middletown CT USA

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Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第10期23卷 367-386页

作者： Ronan Connolly willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas johan Berglund C.J.Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory w.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim LászlóSzarka Víctor M.Velasco Herrera Hong Yan weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science(EPSS) SopronHungary Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmöSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnológica NacionalColón 332San Nicolás(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Ionosfera Atmosfera Neutra y Magnetosfera(LIANM)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de TucumánAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumánArgentina Instituto de Física del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional de Tucumán) 4000 TucumánArgentina Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway Professor Emeritus College of EarthOceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico IIComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia21I-80126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromsøNorway Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacán04510México D.F.México State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Department of Mathematics and Physics Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China

Since 2007,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST)estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly *** Connolly et al.,we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)and ST data *** compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by altering the choice of TSI or ST,one could(prematurely)conclude anything from the warming being“mostly human-caused”to“mostly natural.”Richardson and Benestad suggested our analysis was“erroneous”and“flawed”because we did not use a multilinear *** argued that applying a multilinear regression to one of the five ST series re-affirmed the IPCC's attribution *** also objected that many of the published TSI data sets were ***,here we show that when applying multilinear regression analysis to an expanded and updated data set of 27 TSI series,the original conclusions of Connolly et *** confirmed for all five ST data ***,it is still unclear whether the observed warming is mostly human-caused,mostly natural or some combination of both.

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Earth

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