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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 391-404页

作者： Sandra j.A.van Kuijk josé C.del Río jorge Rencoret Ana Gutiérrez Anton S.M.Sonnenberg johan j.p.baars Wouter H.Hendriks john W.Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen UniversityDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologica de Sevilla(IRNAS-CSIC) Avenida Reina Mercedes1042012 SevilleSpain plant Breeding Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands

Background： The present work investigated the influence of lignin content and composition in the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in order to improve rumen degradability. Wheat straw and wood chips,differing in lignin composition, were treated with Lentinula edodes for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wk and the changes occurring during fungal degradation were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and detergent fiber ***： L. edodes preferentially degraded lignin, with only limited cellulose degradation, in wheat straw and wood chips, leaving a substrate enriched in cellulose. Syringyl（S）-lignin units were preferentially degraded than guaiacyl（G）-lignin units, resulting in a decreased S/G ratio. A decreasing S/G ratio（wheat straw： r =-0.72, wood chips： r =-0.75） and selective lignin degradation（wheat straw： r =-0.69, wood chips： r =-0.88） were correlated with in vitro gas production（IVGp）, a good indicator for rumen ***： L. edodes treatment increased the IVGp of wheat straw and wood chips. Effects on IVGp were similar for wheat straw and wood chips indicating that lignin content and 3D-structure of cell walls influence in vitro rumen degradability more than lignin composition.

关键词： Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignocellulosic biomass py-GC/MS

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik j.persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean p.Healey Zhiqiang Yang johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele papucci patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald F.Becker jonathan L.Robinson jens Nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

The effect of particle size and amount of inoculum on fungal treatment of wheat straw and wood chips

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 217-225页

作者： Sandra j. A. van Kuijk Anton S. M. Sonnenberg johan j. p. baars Wouter H. Hendriks john W. Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708WD Wageningen The Netherlands plant Breeding Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Background： The aim of this study was to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating the colonization. Wheat straw and wood chips were treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes with various amounts of colonized millet grains（0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % per g of wet weight of substrate） added to the substrates. Also, wheat straw and wood chips were chopped to either 0.5 or 2 *** of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was determined by changes in chemical composition, in vitro gas production（IVGp） as a measure for rumen degradability, and ergosterol content as a measure of fungal ***： Incomplete colonization was observed for C. subvermispora treated wheat straw and L. edodes treated wood chips. The different particle sizes and amounts of inoculum tested, had no significant effects on the chemical composition and the IVGp of C. subvermispora treated wood chips. particle size did influence *** treatment of wheat straw. The L. edodes treatment of 2 cm wheat straw resulted in a more selective delignification and a higher IVGp than the smaller particles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes inoculum to wheat straw resulted in more selective delignification and a higher IVGp than addition of 0.5 % ***： particle size and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. subvermispora treatment of wood chips. At least 1.5 % L. edodes colonized millet grains should be added to 2 cm wheat straw to result in an increased IVGp and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.

关键词： Amount of inoculum Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignin degradation Lignocellulosic biomass particle size

preclinical and clinical evidence of the association of colibactinproducing Escherichia coli with anxiety and depression in colon cancer

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2817-2826页

作者： Fabien Rondepierre Maëva Meynier johan Gagniere Vincent Deneuvy Anissa Deneuvy Gwenaelle Roche Elodie Baudu Bruno pereira Richard Bonnet Nicolas Barnich Frédéric Antonio Carvalho Denis pezet Mathilde Bonnet Isabelle jalenques Service de psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et psychologie Médicale CHU Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63000France M2iSH UMR 1071INSERMUniversity of Clermont AuvergneINRAE USC 1382Clermont-Ferrand 63001France NeuroDol UMR 1107INSERMUniversity of Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand 63001France Department of Digestive Surgery CHU de Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63001France Biostatistics Unit Department of Clinical Research and InnovationCHU Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63000France Department of Bacteriology CHU de Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63001France UniversitéClermont Auvergne INPCNRSClermont Auvergne Institut PascalClermont-Ferrand 63000France

BACKGROUND The association between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly *** gut microbiota contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis(CRC),as demonstrated with colibactin-producing Escherichia coli(CopEC).AIM To evaluate the association between CopEC prevalence and anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors with both preclinical and clinical *** patients followed after a CRC surgery and for whom the prevalence of CopEC has been investigated underwent a psychiatric *** were compared according to the CopEC *** parallel C57BL6/j wild type mice and mice with a CRC susceptibility were chronically infected with a CopEC *** behavior was assessed using the Elevated plus Maze test,the Forced Swimming Test and the Behavior recognition system phenoTyper®.RESULTS In a limited cohort,all patients with CopEC colonization presented with psychiatric disorders several years before cancer diagnosis,whereas only one patient(17%)without CopEC *** result was confirmed in C57BL6/j wildtype mice and in a CRC susceptibility mouse model(adenomatous polyposis colimultiple intestinal neoplasia/+).Mice exhibited a significant increase in anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors after chronic infection with a CopEC *** This finding provides the first evidence that CopEC infection can induce microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbances in addition to its procarcinogenic properties.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colibactin Escherichia coli Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli Inflammation Anxiety Depression Behavior

An experimental study of elastic properties of dragonfly-like flapping wings for use in biomimetic micro air vehicles(BMAVs)

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 726-737页

作者： praveena Nair Sivasankaran Thomas Arthur Ward Erfan Salami Rubentheren Viyapuri Christopher j.Fearday Mohd Rafie johan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malaya KuaIa Lumpur 50603 Malaysia School of Engineering and physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia Putrajaya 62200 Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

This article studies the elastic properties of several biomimetic micro air vehicle（BMAV）wings that are based on a dragonfly *** are a new class of unmanned micro-sized air vehicles that mimic the flapping wing motion of flying biological organisms（e.g.,insects,birds,and bats）.Three structurally identical wings were fabricated using different materials：acrylonitrile butadiene styrene（ABS）,polylactic acid（pLA）,and *** wing frame structures were fabricated from these materials and then a nanocomposite film was adhered to them which mimics the membrane of an actual *** wings were then attached to an electromagnetic actuator and passively flapped at frequencies of 10-250 Hz.A three-dimensional high frame rate imaging system was used to capture the flapping motions of these wings at a resolution of 320 pixels x 240 pixels and 35000 frames per *** maximum bending angle,maximum wing tip deflection,maximum wing tip twist angle,and wing tip twist speed of each wing were measured and compared to each other and the actual dragonfly *** results show that the ABS wing has considerable flexibility in the chordwise direction,whereas the pLA and acrylic wings show better conformity to an actual dragonfly wing in the spanwise *** studies have shown that the aerodynamic performance of a BMAV flapping wing is enhanced if its chordwise flexibility is increased and its spanwise flexibility is ***,the ABS wing（fabricated using a 3D printer） shows the most promising results for future applications.

关键词： ABS Acrylic Biomimetic micro air vehicle Flapping mechanism pLA Wing structure

Supplemental Smartamine M in higher-energy diets during the prepartal period improves hepatic biomarkers of health and oxidative status in Holstein cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 624-635页

作者： Mario Vailati-Riboni johan S.Osorio Erminio Trevisi Daniel Luchini juan j.Loor Mammalian Nutri physio Genomics Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Istituto di Zootecnica Facolt àdi Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Adisseo NA AlpharettaGA 30022USA. Dairy and Food Science Department South Dakota State University1111 College Ave113H Alfred DairyScience HallBrookings SD 57007USA

Background： Feeding higher-energy prepartum is a common practice in the dairy industry. However, recent data underscore how it could reduce performance, deepen negative energy balance, and augment inflammation and oxidative stress in fresh cows. We tested the effectiveness of rumen-protected methionine in preventing the negative effect of feeding a higher-energy prepartum. Multiparous Holstein cows were fed a control lower-energy diet（CON, 1.24 Mcal/kg DM; high-straw） during the whole dry period（-50 d）, or were switched to a higher-energy（OVE, 1.54 Mcal/kg DM）, or OVE plus Smartamine M（OVE ＋ SM; Adisseo NA） during the last 21 d before *** cows received the same lactation diet（1.75 Mcal/kg DM）. Smartamine M was top-dressed on the OVE diet（0.07% of DM） from -21 through 30 d in milk（DIM）. Liver samples were obtained via percutaneous biopsy at -10, 7 and 21 DIM. Expression of genes associated with energy and lipid metabolism, hepatokines, methionine cycle, antioxidant capacity and inflammation was ***： postpartal dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk were higher in CON and OVE ＋ SM compared with OVE. Furthermore, milk protein and fat percentages were greater in OVE ＋ SM compared with CON and OVE. Expression of the gluconeogenic gene pCK1 and the lipid-metabolism transcription regulator ppARA was again greater with CON and OVE ＋ SM compared with OVE. Expression of the lipoprotein synthesis enzyme MTTp was lower in OVE ＋ SM than CON or OVE. Similarly, the hepatokine FGF21, which correlates with severity of negative energy balance, was increased postpartum only in OVE compared to the other two groups. These results indicate greater liver metabolism and functions to support a greater production in OVE ＋ SM. At 7 DIM, the enzyme GSR involved in the synthesis of glutathione tended to be upregulated in OVE than CON-fed cows, suggesting a greater antioxidant demand in overfed cows. Feeding OVE ＋ SM resulted in lower similar express

关键词： Energy Methionine Nutrigenomics Transition period

An elliptical blade is not a true ellipse,but a superellipse–Evidence from two Michelia species

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journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1341-1348页

作者： Yuping Li Karl jNiklas johan Gielis Ülo Niinemets julian Schrader Rong Wang peijian Shi College of Horticulture Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing 210038People’s Republic of China Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Biosciences Engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences51006 TartuEstonia Estonian Academy of Sciences 10130 TallinnEstonia Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Biodiversity Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany

The shape of leaf laminae exhibits considerable diversity and complexity that reflects adaptations to environmental factors such as ambient light and precipitation as well as phyletic *** leaves appear to be elliptical which may represent a‘default’developmental ***,whether their geometry truly conforms to the ellipse equation(EE),i.e.,(x/a)^(2)+(y/b)^(2)=1,remains *** alternative is described by the superellipse equation(SE),a generalized version of EE,i.e.,|x/a|^(n)+|y/b|^(n)=*** test the efficacy of EE versus SE to describe leaf geometry,the leaf shapes of two Michelia species(i.e.,*** ***,and ***),were investigated using 60 leaves from each *** shows that the majority of leaves(118 out of 120)had adjusted root-mean-square errors ofpolar point to leaf marginal points was smaller than 5%of the radius of a hypothesized circle with its area equaling leaf *** estimates of n for the two species werepled leaves conformed to SE and not to *** study confirms the existence of SE in leaves,linking this to its potential functional advantages,particularly the possible influence of leaf shape on hydraulic conductance.

关键词： Bilateral symmetry Leaf ellipticalness index Leaf laminae Leaf roundness index Magnoliaceae

peripartal rumen-protected methionine supplementation to higher energy diets elicits positive effects on blood neutrophil gene networks, performance and liver lipid content in dairy cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Cong Li Fernanda Batistel johan Samir Osorio james K.Drackley Daniel Luchini juan j.Loor Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture National Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Ruminant Technical Services ADISSEO NA

Background： Main objectives were to determine to what extent Smartamine M（SM） supplementation to a prepartal higher-energy diet could alter neutrophil（pMN） and liver tissue immunometabolic biomarkers, and whether those responses were comparable to those in cows fed a prepartal lower-energy diet（CON）.Results： Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed CON（NEL= 1.24 Mcal/kg DM） during d-50 to d-22 relative to calving. From d-21 to calving, cows were randomly assigned to a higher-energy diet（OVE, n = 9; NEL= 1.54 Mcal/kg DM）, OVE plus SM（OVE ＋ SM, n = 10; SM = 0.07 % of DM） or remained on CON（n = 9）. Al cows received the same basal lactation diet（NEL= 1.75 Mcal/kg DM）. Supplementation of SM（OVE ＋ SM） continued until 30 d postpartum. Liver biopsies were harvested at d-10, 7, and 21 relative to parturition. Blood pMN isolated at-10, 3, and 21 d relative to calving was used to evaluate gene expression. As expected, OVE increased liver lipid content postpartum; however,cows fed OVE ＋ SM or CON had lower concentrations than OVE. Compared with OVE, cows in CON and OVE ＋ SM had greater DMI postpartum and milk production. Furthermore, cows fed OVE ＋ SM had the greatest milk protein and fat percentage and lowest milk SCC despite having intermediate pMN phagocytic capacity. Adaptations in pMN gene expression in OVE ＋ SM cows associated with the lower SCC were gradual increases from-10 to 21 d in genes that facilitate migration into inflammatory sites（SELL, ITGAM）, enzymes essential for reducing reactive oxygen metabolites（SOD1, SOD2）, and a transcription factor（s） required for controlling pMN development（RXRA）. The greater expression of TLR4 on d 3, key for activation of innate immunity due to inflammation, in OVE compared with CON cows suggests a more pronounced inflammatory state. Feeding OVE ＋ SM dampened the upregulation of TLR4, despite the fact that these cows had similar expression of the pro-inflammatory genes NFKB1 and TNF as OVE. Cows in CON had lower overall expr

关键词： Blood neutrophil Gene expression Methionine

Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 194-210页

作者： Khuram Shahzad Vincenzo Lopreiato Yusheng Liang Erminio Trevisi johan S.Osorio Chuang Xu juan j.Loor COMSATS Institute of Information Technology ChakShahzadIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltàdi Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e AmbientaliUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Department of Dairy Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityXinyang Rd.5Daqing 163319China.

Background:Ketosis in dairy cows is associated with body fat mobilization during the peripartal ***-clinical and clinical ketosis arise more frequently in cows that are overfed energy during the entire dry(last 50 to 45 days prior to parturition)or close-up period(last^28 days prepartum).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 cows from a larger cohort that were fed a higher-energy diet[1.54 Mcal/kg of dry matter(DM);35.9%of DM corn silage and 13%of DM ground corn]during the close-up dry period,of which 6 did not develop clinical ketosis(OVE,0.83 mmol/L plasma hydroxybutyrate;BHB)and 6 were diagnosed with clinical ketosis(KET,1.4 mmol/L BHB)during the first week postpartum.A whole-transcriptome bovine microarray(Agilent Technologies)and metabolomics(GC-MS,LC-MS;Metabolon~?Inc.)were used to perform transcript and metabolite profiling of liver tissue harvested at-10 days relative to parturition which allowed to establish potential associations between prepartal transcriptome/metabolome profiles and susceptibility to clinical ketosis ***:Cows in KET had greater(p=0.01)overall body weight between-2 and 1 week around parturition,but similar body condition score than *** dry matter intake(DMI)did not differ prepartum,KET cows had lower(ppressed genes(DEG;p≤0.05)in *** identified 15 out of 313 total biochemical compounds significantly affected(p≤0.10)in *** those,greater concentrations(p≤0.06,+2.3-fold)of glycochenodeoxycholate in KET cows also have been detected in humans developing non-alcoholic fatty liver *** analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway database and the DEG revealed that,among the top 20 most-impacted metabolic pathway categories in KET,65%were overall *** included’Metabolism of cofactors

关键词： Bioinformatics Ketosis Metabolomics Transition cow