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Multi-criteria decision-making method for evaluation of investment in enhanced geothermal systems projects

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 143-167页

作者： Sara Raos Josipa Hranić Ivan Rajšl University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 310000 ZagrebCroatia GE Vernova 58 Charles StreetCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Deep geothermal energy presents large untapped renewable energy potential could significantly contribute to global energy needs. However, developing geothermal projects involves uncertainties regarding adequate geothermal brine extraction and huge costs related to preparation phases and consequently drilling and stimulation activities. Therefore, evaluating utilization alternatives of such projects is a complex decision-making problem effectively addressed using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. This study introduces the MCDM method utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted decision matrix (WDM) to assess different utilization alternatives (electricity generation, direct heat use and cogeneration). The AHP method determines the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion, while the WDM calculates the final project grade. Five criteria groups - technological, geological, economic, societal and environmental – comprising twenty-eight influencing factors were selected and used for the assessment of investment in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) projects. The AHP-WDM method was used by 38 experts from six categories: industry, educational institution, research and technology organization (RTO), small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME), local community and other. These diverse expert inputs aimed to capture varying perspectives and knowledge influence investment decisions in geothermal energy. The results were analysed accordingly. The results underscore the importance of incorporating different viewpoints to develop robust, credible, and effective investment strategies for EGS projects. Therefore, this method will contribute to more efficient EGS project development, enabling thus a greater penetration of the EGS into the market. Additionally, the proposed AHP-WDM method was implemented for a case study examining two locations. locations were assessed and compared on scenario-based evaluation. The results confirmed the method's adequacy for a

关键词： Deep geothermal energy Enhanced geothermal systems(EGS) Multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)method Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) Weighted decision matrix(WDM)

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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies laboratory(EETl) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

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Improved Reall-Santos method for AdS black holes in general 4-derivative gravities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 74-86页

作者： Peng-Ju Hu liang Ma Hong lü Yi Pang Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou 350207China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

For asymptotically flat black holes,Reall-Santos method is a convenient tool to compute leading higher derivative corrections to the thermodynamic quantities without actually solving the modified field ***,there are subtleties in its generalization to asymptotically AdS black holes with general higher derivative *** of all,it is necessary to know all the higher derivative holographic counterterms and the surface terms implementing the variational principle and subtracting the *** then needs to solve for the modified AdS radius and rescale the time coordinate in an appropriate way such that the induced metric on the conformal boundary of AdS black hole is not *** observe that Reall-Santos method can be directly applied to a particular 4-derivative gravity model,known as the Einstein-Weyl gravity,which does not modify the AdS radius and requires only the Gibbons-Hawking-York term and holographic counterterms for the 2-derivative *** thus suggest that to compute the thermodynamic quantities of AdS black holes in general 4-derivative theories of gravity,one simply needs to transform it to a Einstein-Weyl gravity with identical thermodynamic variables by appropriate field *** explicitly verify this proposal with spherically-symmetric and static charged black holes in Einstein-Maxwell theory extended with generic 4-derivative interactions.

关键词： black holes thermodynamics higher-derivative corrections effective theories higher dimensional black holes quantum gravity

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Zassenhaus lemma,Schreier Refinement Theorem,and Jordan–Hölder Theorem for Gyrogroups

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 323-332页

作者： Prathomjit Khachorncharoenkul Rasimate Maungchang Teerapong Suksumran l.A.Bokut School of Science Walailak UniversityNakhon Si Thammarat 80160Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200Thailand 不详

In this article,we extend the Zassenhaus lemma(also called the butterfly lemma)and the Schreier refinement theorem to the case of *** addition,we use these results to prove the Jordan–Hölder theorem for gyrogroups as... 详细信息

关键词： Zassenhaus lemma Schreier refinement theoremg yrogroup subgyrogroup diagram normal subgyrogroup

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Model Change Active learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised learning

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： Kevin S.Miller Andrea l.Bertozzi Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels."Model Change"active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s).We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning(SSl)methods,that use the spectrum of the graph laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning Graph-based methods Semi-supervised learning(SSl) Graph laplacian

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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Campos-González Máximo lópez-lópez Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** varied the Al composition in the EBl from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlVACO *** results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through *** simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-lED EBl simulation

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Nonreciprocal generation of Schrodinger cat state induced by topology

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 23-30页

作者： Zi-Hao li li-li Zheng Ying Wu Xin-You lü School of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technologyand Wuhan Institute of Quantum TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430074China

The Schrodinger cat state produced differently in two directions is anticipated to be a critical quantum resource in quantum information *** exploring the interplay between quantum nonreciprocity and topology in a one-dimensional microcavity array,we obtain the Schrodinger cat state(a pure quantum state)in a chosen direction at the edge cavity,whereas a classical state in the other *** nonreciprocal generation of the cat state originates from the topologically protected chiralitymode excitation in the nontrivial phase,but in the trivial phase,the nonreciprocal generation of cat state ***,our proposal is switchable by tuning the parameters so that a topological phase transition ***,the obtained cat state has nonreciprocal high fidelity,nonclassicality,and quantum coherence,which are sufficient to be used in various one-way quantum technologies,e.g.,invisible quantum sensing,noise-tolerant quantum computing,and chiral quantum *** work provides a general approach to control quantum nonreciprocities with the topological effect,which substantially broadens the fields of nonreciprocal photonics and topological physics.

关键词： Schr?dinger cat state nonreciprocity topology

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在时尚产业探索循环经济

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第1期 27-28页

作者： joel Millman 王湛(译) 不详

在萨尔瓦多首都圣萨尔瓦多上空若隐若现的火山阴影下,一座巨大的仓库里正在奏响工业化的旋律:机器正将成捆的织物废料粉碎成棉花和聚酯纤维。这些纤维随后被转移到第二条生产线,羽毛状的绒毛随即被纺成纱线线轴。它们很快会被编织成各... 详细信息

在萨尔瓦多首都圣萨尔瓦多上空若隐若现的火山阴影下,一座巨大的仓库里正在奏响工业化的旋律:机器正将成捆的织物废料粉碎成棉花和聚酯纤维。这些纤维随后被转移到第二条生产线,羽毛状的绒毛随即被纺成纱线线轴。它们很快会被编织成各种颜色的面料,用于制作T恤、睡衣、连帽衫等,最终销往美国的商店。可以肯定的是,其中一些服装最终会返回同一工厂,再次被粉碎和重新编织。

关键词：时尚产业聚酯纤维 T恤羽毛状睡衣服装粉碎工业化

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Proteomic response of Phaeocystis globosa to nitrogen limitation

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2024年第1期42卷 141-149页

作者： Haisu lIU Ruiwang WEI Qiangyong lEI lei CUI Songhui lÜ Key laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine BiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory Zhuhai 519082China National Engineering laboratory of Electronic and Information Standardization Shenzhen 518057China

Phaeocystis globosa is an important unicellular eukaryotic alga that can also form *** can cause massive harmful algal blooms and plays an important role in the global carbon or sulfur *** far,the ecophysiology of *** has been investigated by numerous ***,the proteomic response of *** to nitrogen depletion remains largely *** compared four protein preparation methods of *** for two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)(Urea/Triton X-100 with trichloroacetic acid(TCA)/acetone precipitation;TCA/acetone precipitation;Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay(RIPA)with TCA/acetone precipitation;and Tris buffer).Results show that the combination of RIPA with TCA/acetone precipitation had a clear gel background and showed the best protein spot separation effect,based on which the proteomic response to nitrogen depletion was studied using *** addition,we identified six differentially expressed proteins whose relative abundance increased or decreased more than 1.5-fold(Pld not be identified,which might be attributed to the lack of genomic sequences of *** nitrogen limitation,replication protein-like,RNA ligase,and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were reduced,which may decrease the DNA replication level and ATP production in *** *** increase of endonucleaseⅢand transcriptional regulator enzyme may affect the metabolic and antioxidant function of *** cells and induce cell *** findings provide a basis for further proteomic study of *** and the optimization of protein preparation methods of marine microalgae.

关键词： Phaeocystis globosa nitrogen limitation proteomic response two-dimensional electrophoresis

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A Method for Evaluating the Maximum Bending Degree of Flexural Toppling Rock Masses Based on the Rock Tensile Strain-Softening Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1243-1253页

作者： Jiongchao Wang Jun Zheng Jichao Guo Qing lü Jianhui Deng Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China State Key laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Flexural toppling occurs when a series of layered rock masses bend towards their free *** is important to evaluate the maximum bending degree and the requirement of supports of flexural toppling rock mass to prevent rock mass cracking and even failure leading to a *** on the rock tensile strain-softening model,this study proposes a method for calculating the maximum curvature(C_(ppmax))of flexural toppling rock *** applying this method to calculate Cppmax of 9 types of rock masses with different hardness and rock layer thickness,some conclusions are drawn:(1)the internal key factors affecting C_(ppmax)are E^(⋆)(E^(⋆)=E_(ss)/E_(0),where E_(0)and E_(ss)are the mean deformation moduli of the rock before and after reaching its peak tensile strength,respectively),the strainεt corresponding to the tensile strength of rock,and the thickness(h)of rock layers;(2)hard rock layers are more likely to develop into block toppling than soft rock layers;and(3)thin rock layers are more likely to remain in flexural toppling state than thick rock *** addition,it is found that C_(ppmax)for flexural toppling rock masses composed of bedded rocks such as gneiss is related to the tensile direction.

关键词： flexural toppling rock mass maximum bending degree strain-softening model curvature rock mechanics

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