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Geological,Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Pyrite Deposits in the Eastern Part of Douala Sub-Basin(Cameroon,Central Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第8期6卷 882-893页

作者： Gilbert Francois Ngon Ngon Pierre Steve Abomo Michel Bertrand Mbog Andre Mbabi Bitchong joel simon mbai Therese Valerie Ngonlep Minyemeck Rose Yongue Fouateu Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment Department of Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Laboratory of Applied Geology-Metallogeny Department of Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon

Pyrite deposit of pK27, Douala sub-basin (Cameroon, Central Africa) was studied in a tropical forest setting physically and using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) in order to characterize the mineralization for his industrial utilization. The sedimentary materials from the pyrite deposit were grouped into five (05) main lithofacies, including four claystone facies and one conglomeratic facies. The mineralization occurs along the low slopes of valleys in?light grey claystone facies situated on the bottom of outcrops with 80 to 200 cm thickness. The?particle size distribution of clayey materials host rocks shows that they are essentially constituted of clay and silts fractions. However, their Sorting index (So) more than 4.5 corresponds to poorly sorted sediments and the torrential type;whereas their Coefficient of asymmetry (A) more than 1?indicates that the sorting is carried out towards fine particles. Macroscopically, pyrite in these?materials is in crumbly and consolidated piles with aggregate pyrites in oolithic concretions, and?globular, cubic, octaedric, massive and fossiliferous forms. The mineralogical compositions of?these clayey materials indicate that they are essentially kaolinitic and illitic, followed by goethite, quartz, pyrite, halloysite, anatase and rutile with hematite as accessory minerals. Pyrite in sand fractions is associated with kyanite, grenat, rutile, diopside, muscovite and tourmaline the minerals which?recognize the regional metamorphism. However, the specific chemical signature of SO3content?high in clayey materials and abundant (50.86% - 57.64% SO3) in pyrite is characteristic of the pK27 pyritic formations in the eastern part of Douala sub-basin. Moreover, the Co:Ni ratios of pyrites approximately 0.25 to 0.8 are characteristic of sedimentary pyrites and also suggest an anoxic environment.

关键词： Douala Sub-Basin Geochemical Geological Mineralogical Pyrite Deposits

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Differences in egg hatching time between cyclical and obligate parthenogenetic lineages of aphids

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 135-141页

作者： Charles-Antoine Dedryver joel Bonhomme Jean-Francois Le Gallic Jean-Christophe simon Unite Mixte de Recherche IGEPP 1349 INRAIAgrocampus OuestlUniversite Rennes 1Le Rheu cedexFrance

Many aphid species exhibit a variation in reproductive mode which is influenced by winter climate regimes,with cyclical parthenogenetic (CP)lines dominating in cold winter areas (because they produce cold-resistant eggs)and obligate parthenogenetic (OP) ones in mild winter regions (because of their parthenogenetic overwintering).Genetic studies on several aphid species have shown that the OP trait can be transmitted during sexual events involving the 2 types of lines.This genetic system could be considered as a local safeguarding mechanism for OP alleles in case severe frost would have killed all parthenogenetically overwintering individuals.However,this strategy would only be efficient in restoring local polymorphism in breeding systems if the newly hatched OP recombinants remain competitive over their CP counterparts.In this study we compared egg hatching sequences of CP and OP F1 clones from several crosses obtained for 2 cereal aphid species,Sitobion avenae (constant 5℃,8 h of light)and Rhopalosiphum padi (winter outdoor conditions).For S.avenae,we obtained F1 offspring from 6 crosses, involving 4 clones while in R.padi F1 were obtained from 11 crosses involving 14 clones. We showed that in both species proportions of OP clones were higher in the first half of the progeny relative to the second half.In addition,F1 OP clones hatched in the mean about a week earlier than their CP sibs,which gives them a demographic advantage at the start of the growth season.We then discussed the consequences of this fitness advantage for the maintenance and spread of the OP trait in aphid populations.

关键词： asexuality diapauses genetic variation insects overwintering strategies reproductive mode

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Assessment Methods Used during Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education at Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya

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Health 2022年第3期14卷 296-305页

作者： Japheth Kipkulei simon Kangethe Frankline Boibanda Hellen Jepngetich Teresa Lotodo joel Kirinyet Department of Pathology Thematic Section of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Community Health Family Medicine and Medical Education School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve teaching and learning. It ensures quality in training programmes, motivates, and directs students’ learning. Assessment is also used for verification of achievement of objectives of training, feedback to students, licencing, certification, and screening of students for advanced training. It is guided by several principles, including the aims of the assessment (why assess), who to assess, timing (when to assess), what to assess, methods (how to assess), and the criteria for determining the usefulness of the assessment. Objective: To describe the assessment methods used during clinical years of the undergraduate programme at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM) and determine the student’s perspectives concerning the comprehensiveness, relevance, objectivity of various assessment methods and challenges faced. Methodology: The study was carried out at MUSOM and a cross-sectional study design was employed. Ten study participants were studied using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide and was analyzed using content analysis. An informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Results: The methods used during clinical years at MUSOM for assessing knowledge and its applications include multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short answer questions (SAQ), modified essay questions (MEQ), long essay questions (LEQ), and oral exam. Whereas the methods for assessing clinical competence include long case, short cases, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and logbook. Students felt that MCQs were comprehensive, objective, and relevant to the curriculum content. They reported that feedback was not provided after assessments. Conclusion: The assessment methods used at MUSOM during clinical years include MCQ, SAQ, MEQ, LEQ, Short cases, long cases, and OSCE. Students reported varied perceptions of the different assessment methods but favored MCQ and

关键词： Medical Education Assessment Methods Clinical Years Undergraduate

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Ore Texture,Mineralogy and Whole Rock Geochemistry of the Iron Mineralization from Edea North Area,Nyong Complex,Southern Cameroon:Implication for Origin and Enrichment Process

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第5期8卷 659-677页

作者： Bravo Martin Mbang Bonda Jacques Etame Arnaud Patrice Kouske Elie Constantin Bayiga Gilbert Francois Ngon Ngon simon joel mbai Martine Gerard Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Department of Civil Engineering The University Institute of TechnologyUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon IRD UMR 161 CEREGEInstitut de mineralogie et physique des milieux condensesParisFrance

This study presents the ore texture, mineralogy and whole rock geochemistry of iron occurrence from the Edea North area located at the upper limit of the Nyong Unit, part of the Congo craton. This iron mineralization is of magnetite quartzite type enclosed by metamorphic rocks of the granulite facies. Two main facies have been identified over the study area including the banded and the massive facies. The mineralogical set of these facies is in majority represented by magnetite, quartz and pyroxene martite in addition to minor biotite, apatite, and amphibole. Magnetite presents as irregular and elongated minerals which can contain quartz inclusions of various shapes and sizes, as blasts clustering, around pyroxenes and isolated xenomorphic magnetite minerals in the silicate phases. Quartz varies from fine to coarse-grained and ribbon quartz. This indicates re-crystallization and deformation during metamorphism. Electron microprobe analysis on magnetite and martite show Fe2O3 contents that vary between 96.11 and 99.76. Whole rock chemical data showed that Fe-contents are as high as 62.9 wt%. The SiO2 content varies between 33.8 wt% and 51.2 wt%. Iron oxides and SiO2 are negatively correlated. Moreover, the low positive correlations between Al2O3 and HFSE, and LILE suggest a contribution of clastic materials in the protolith of studied materials. The samples show low contents of V, Cr, Ba, Zr with respect to igneous rocks. This may infer a sedimentary origin for the studied rocks;furthermore, these materials may have undergone hydrothermal alteration. The REE patterns reveal enrichment in LREE compared to HREE. Some samples show positive Eu (1.82) and other negative anomalies Eu (0.54 to 0.97). The lack of Ce anomalies suggests that the depositional environment of the Edea North iron occurrence was anoxic or suboxic. Overall, the Edea North iron occurrence may have undergone significant input from hydrothermal sources with imprints of the clastic during its deposition.

关键词： Magnetite Texture Edea North Nyong Complex Southern Cameroon

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Clinical results of linezolid in arthroplasty and trauma related infections

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第2期5卷 151-157页

作者： James joel simon Matthew Graham Adam Peckham-Cooper Nectarios Korres Helen Tsouchnica Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit Leeds Teaching Hospitals Leeds School of Medicine Leeds LS1 3EX United Kingdom Royal Liverpool University Hospital Liverpool L7 8XP United Kingdom Academic Orthopaedics and Trauma Unit Division of Surgery Aristotle University Medical School University Campus 54 124 Thessaloniki Greece

AIM: To analyse the management of patients treated with linezolid for orthopaedic infections.METHODS: Twenty-two patients with orthopaedic related infections receiving a course of linezolid were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were classified into either post trauma, post arthroplasty and non trauma related infections. A diagnosis of infection was based on clinical findings, positive microbiological specimens, and positive signs of infection on radiological imaging and raised inflammatory markers. Pathogens isolated, inflammatory markers both at presentation and at final follow up, length of linezolid treatment, adverse drug reactions, concomitant anti-microbial therapy, length of hospital stay and any surgical interventions were recorded.RESULTS: Infections were classified as post arthroplasty(n = 10), post trauma surgery(n = 8) or nontrauma related infections(n = 4). Twenty patients(91%) underwent surgical intervention as part of their treatment. The number of required surgical procedures ranged from 1 to 6(mean = 2.56). Mean total length of stay per admission was 28.5 d(range 1-160 d). Furthermore, the mean duration of treatment with linezolid of patients who had resolution of symptoms was 31 d(range 10-84 d). All patients within this group were discharged on oral linezolid. Pathogens isolated included methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, coliforms, enterococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, group B streptococcus and pseudomonas. An overall 77% of patients demonstrated resolution of infections at follow-up, with mean C-reactive protein reducing from 123 mg/L to 13.2 mg/L.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the use of linezolid offers excellent efficacy in orthopaedic related infections when used alongside appropriate surgical management.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Linezolid Orthopaedic infections Osteomyelitis Periprosthetic joint infection

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Gene Expression Profile, Androgen Independence and Prostate Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 637-644页

作者： Maxwell Omabe joel C. Onyeanusi Nworie Amos Martin Ezeani simon Imakwu Okekpa Histopathology Unitt Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Biomedical Science Faculty of Health Science Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Medical Microbiology Unit Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Science Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Molecular Pathology Division Chemical Pathology and Immunology Unit Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Biomedical Science Faculty of Health Science Ebonyi State University Nigeria Ebonyi Nigeria

It is now generally accepted that the burden of disease due to prostate cancer has tremendously increased globally. Current data indicates that prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men in the United State of America, and the second leading cause of death due to cancer in men. Progression to androgen independence and subsequent therapeutic resistance and death is a common fate of patients with prostate cancer. This review highlights the gene expression profile of androgen independent prostate cancer and the possible mechanisms that results in transformation to such treatment resistant state.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Androgen Ablation Gene Expression Microarrays

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Production Systems, Genetic Diversity and Genes Associated with Prolificacy and Milk Production in Indigenous Goats of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 735-749页

作者： simon Patrick Baenyi Joseph Owino Junga Christian Keambou Tiambo Ahadi Bwihangane Birindwa Katcho Karume Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn joel Winyo Ochieng Department of Animal Production Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu The Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Animal Production University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Bioscience Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health-International Livestock Research Institute (CTLGH-ILRI) Nairobi Kenya Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) Wandegeya Kampala Uganda Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Uppsala Sweden

Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.

关键词： Gene Prolificacy Milk Production Sub-Saharan African Region

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科特迪瓦阿比让55例结膜鳞状细胞癌结果分析（英文）

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国际眼科杂志 2017年第12期17卷 2187-2192页

作者： Rokia Coulibaly Berete Thierry Yves Constant Sowagnon Abokan joel Konan Sylvanius Beossin Koui Sandrine Kouassi Kouakou simon N'Dri Dede Adama Fanny 特雷什维尔教学医院眼科尤布贡教学医院眼科特雷什维尔教学医院病理科特雷什维尔教学医院影像科

目的:研究55例结膜鳞状细胞癌的流行病学、临床特点,以及艾滋病毒对其发病情况的影响。方法:横断面研究,纳入就诊于阿比让特雷什维尔大学医院眼科的54例55眼结膜鳞状细胞癌患者。收集的数据包括书面问卷、眼科检查、病理检查、HIV血清... 详细信息

目的:研究55例结膜鳞状细胞癌的流行病学、临床特点,以及艾滋病毒对其发病情况的影响。方法:横断面研究,纳入就诊于阿比让特雷什维尔大学医院眼科的54例55眼结膜鳞状细胞癌患者。收集的数据包括书面问卷、眼科检查、病理检查、HIV血清学检查、治疗情况(手术及化疗)、随访情况和预后。结果:患者年龄为7~75(平均42.28)岁。女性占53%。发病到就诊时间6~60(平均18)mo。患者平均随访29mo。共有53%(29眼)无视功能。54例患者中42例HIV阳性,28例为HIV1感染,4例为HIV2感染,10例为混合感染。这42例患者中28例进行了淋巴细胞分类检查,结果显示33%的患者CD4细胞计数500/m L。42眼(76%)为侵袭性分化型鳞状细胞癌,13眼(24%)为原位癌。40例(73%)局部肿瘤进行了肿块切除,其中6例进行了术后局部辅助化疗。社会经济情况分析显示39%的患者经济情况较差。结论:HIV感染是结膜鳞状细胞癌发病的危险因素,尤其是在撒哈拉以南的非洲。这一疾病不良预后可能与患者社会经济情况较差,我们治疗机构中医疗资源不足,抗肿瘤药物治疗经费较少有关,HIV感染也对疾病有一定影响。

关键词：上皮癌鳞状细胞获得性人免疫缺陷病毒

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Hypertension and periodontal status in Senegalese patients: A case-control study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第1期4卷 25-29页

作者： Mohamed Leye Massamba Diouf William Stéve Térence Madozein Modou Jobe El Hadj Mbacke Sarr simon joel Manga Arame Diagne Diallo Ibrahima Bara Diop Cardiology Department Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal Public Health Office Dentistry School Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Hypertension is a public health concern worldwide due to its known consequences. The literature has shown a close relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases, especially hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine the periodontal risk factors involved in the occurrence or severity of hypertension in a population of patients attending the cardiology department of Fann University Hospital located in an urban Dakar region. Methodology: This was a case-control study involving 246 patients of whom 123 were hypertensive patients (cases) and 123 non-hypertensive patients (controls). The data collected include sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, risk factors, and data on hypertension and on periodontal disease: plaque index, papillary bleeding index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth and community periodontal index and treatment needs (CPITN). Data in univariate analysis were expressed as proportions and averages and odd ratios with their confidence intervals. Results: The average age in the cases group was 58 ± 11.4 years and 34.5 ± 14.2 years in the control group. The body mass index (BMI) averaged 27.1 ± 6 kg/m2 and 23.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2 respectively in cases and controls. Hypertensive patients had on average more severe periodontal characteristics than non-hypertensives (PAC of 2.8 ± 1859 versus 0.8 ± 1.325) (CPITN 2.5 ± 0.998 versus 1.2 ± 1.074) and the risk of developing hypertension adjusted for age, physical inactivity, heredity and other parameters was twice more when the patient had periodontitis. Conclusion: It is necessary to have a more integrated approach in the management of hypertension, which should take into account oro-dental factors.

关键词： Hypertension Periodontal Disease Senegal

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The effect of age, gender, level of adiposity and diabetes duration on glycated hemoglobin reduction after anti-diabetic therapy in type-2 diabetic patients

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第2期2卷 245-250页

作者： Chinwe O. Ewenighi Uchechukwu Dimkpa Babatunde I. Adejumo joel C. Onyeanusi Isaac N. Nnatuanya Uzor simon Linus U. M. Onoh Uchechukwu Ezeugwu Department of Chemical Pathology/Toxicology Faculty of Medical Lab Sciences Elele Campus Madonna University Okija Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Department of Physiotherapy University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Medical Laboratory Science Department Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Medical Laboratory Science Department University of Benin Benin City Nigeria Physiology Department Nnewi Campus Nnamdi Azikiwe University Enugu Nigeria

Background: It is established that glycemic control measures involving diet and oral medication reduce glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in type-2 diabetic patients. Aim: We aimed to determine whether HbA1c reduction after diabetic treatment is affected by age, gender, level of adiposity and diabetes duration in type-2 diabetic patients. Methods: One hundred and four type-2 diabetic patients participated in a 20-week diabetic control therapy involving oral medication (metformin) and lifestyle intervention (diet). We compared the HbA1c reduction after treatment between the elderly and non-elderly;males and females;overweight/obese and non-overweight/obese;and long-standing and newly diagnosed patients. Results: After the treatment, participants had mean HbA1c reduction of 1.1 ± 1.31% and weight loss of 2.46 ± 1.79 kg. Forty-six (44.2%) of the patients had acceptable HbA1c level of p p p < 0.001), respectively. HbA1c reduction did not indicate significant sex differences. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that treatment criteria for type-2 diabetes should account for the age, level of adiposity and diabetes duration of the patient in order to make optimal therapeutic decisions for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults.

关键词： Glycated Hemoglobin Age Gender Adiposity Metformin Diet

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