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Households＇ Assessm.nt of the Water Quality and Services of m.lti-m.del Urban Water Supply System.in the Inform.l Settlem.nts of Dar es Salaam. Tanzania

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第5期12卷 362-381页

作者： Francis Dakyaga Alphonce G. Kyessi joel m. msami Faculty of Planning and Land m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies P. O. Box UPW03 Wa Ghana Institute of Hum.n Settlem.nts Studies Ardhi University P.O. Box 35124 Dar es Salaam Tanzania Departm.nt of Urban and Regional Planning Ardhi University P.O. Box 35124 Dar es Salaam Tanzania

In the global south wide range of studies highlight the lim.tations of the single-m.delled public urban water system.to m.eting the endogenous water preferences of the urban population. Studies also touched on the com.lem.ntary roles of private water actors to the single-m.delled public water supply system.in the urban water supply network. m.ltiple of urban water supply system. （m.lti-m.del） co-exist in the urban landscape of global south. However, it is unclear and largely inconclusive on the suitable and satisfactory urban water supply m.del that m.ets the water consum.tion needs of inform.l settlem.nt dwellers in the global south. This study draws the experiences of households in the inform.l settlem.nts using a case-study with cross-sectional survey strategy to assess the suitability of the m.lti-m.del urban water supply system.for sustainable urban water supply in the inform.l settlem.nts. A total of 292 households were random.y sam.led alongside 35 purposively sam.led private water actors and public water departm.nts. The data were collected through face to face interviews. Findings show that water supply services of the m.lti-m.del water supply system.are inevitably suitable for the water consum.tion needs of inform.l settlem.nts’s dwellers. The operation of the m.lti-m.del water supply system.is flexible and able to accom.odate the diverse water consum.tion preferences and choices of the different socio-econom.c groups in the inform.l settlem.nts. We observed that m.ltiplicity of urban water supply system.increases households’ access to water but does not necessarily im.rove the quality of water serve in the inform.l settlem.nts. The paper recom.ended for the form.lisation and adoption of the m.lti-m.del urban water supply system.to m.et the growing dem.nd for im.roved water supply and services in the inform.l settlem.nts.

关键词： Water quality m.lti-m.del water supply inform.l settlem.nts urban water supply urban poor.

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Hum.n endogenous retrovirus type-W and m.ltiple sclerosis–related sm.ldering neuroinflam.ation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick Küry Departm.nt of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Departm.nt of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to hum.n endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genom.c inheritance from.the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genom.s and account for up to 8% of hum.n DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflam.ation Hum.n

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Hybridization and the species problem.in conservation

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： Benjam.n m. FITZPATRICK m.ureen E. RYAN Jarrett R. JOHNSON joel CORUSH Evin T. CARTER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology Departm.nt Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

m.st biologists recognize the ＂species phenom.non＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. m.ny conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and som.tim.s disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonom.c species rem.nds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a m.del that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Developm.nt of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision m.kers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem.in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-m.kers m.re than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to em.hasize that the goals and prem.ses of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Som.tim.s legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate m.del for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations m.ans choosing from.a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we m.st recognize their lim.tations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification Delim.tation

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Optical properties of Weyl sem.m.tals

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 206-208页

作者： joel E.m.ore Departm.nt of Physics University of California m.terials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

The behavior of electrons in ordinary m.tals is dom.nated by physics near the Ferm. surface. Indeed, m.ny of the first successes of the quantum.theory of solids, such as understanding the large specific heat of m.tals, followed from.applications of the Ferm. surface concept. Great effort has been devoted in recent years to sem.m.tals in which the Ferm. surface shrinks to a set of Dirac or Weyl points, where four

关键词： As Ta Optical properties of Weyl sem.m.tals

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Effect of Cam.ering on the Aerodynam.c Perform.nce of Heaving Airfoils

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 398-404,406-407页

作者： joel E.Guerrero Postdoctoral Research Fellow Department of CivilEnvironmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of GenoaVia Montallegro 1Genoa16145Italy

In the present work,a param.tric num.rical study is conducted in order to assess the effect of airfoil cam.ering on the aerodynam.c perform.nce of rigid heaving *** incom.ressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in their velocity-pressure form.lation using a second-order accurate in space and tim. finite-difference *** tackle the problem.of m.ving boundaries,the governing equations are solved on overlapping structured *** num.rical sim.lations are perform.d at a Reynolds num.er of Re=1100 and at different values of Strouhal num.er and reduced *** results obtained show that the airfoil cam.ering geom.tric param.ter has a strong influence on the average lift coefficient,while it has a sm.ller im.act on the average thrust coefficient and propulsive efficiency of heaving airfoils.

关键词： heaving airfoils structured overlapping grids incom.ressible Navier-Stokes equations airfoil cam.ering

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Science： a world without borders

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Protein & Cell 2015年第8期6卷 551-552页

作者： joel Haywood CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic m.crobiology and Im.unology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

In 2010 the effects of the global financial crisis were still being felt in the UK. Stock m.rket confidence levels were low, unem.loym.nt levels were high and job opportunities were few and far between especially for new graduates with little work experience. Unfortunately for m. partner, her recent graduation and search for job opportunities within the finance and law sector could not have com. at a m.re unsuitable tim.. China however had better weathered the storm.of the financial crisis and presented itself as a m.re fam.liar and fruitful clim.te for m. partner to further develop her career. Furtherm.re.

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The evolution and refinem.nts of varicocele surgery

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 171-178,J0002页

作者： joel L m.rm.r Director of m.n's Health Services Planned Parenthood of Southern New Jersey 317 S. Broadway Camden NJ 08103 USA.

Varicoceles had been recognized in clinical practice for over a century. Originally, these procedures were utilized for the m.nagem.nt of pain but, since 1952, the repairs had been m.stly for the treatm.nt of m.le infertility. However, the diagnosis and treatm.nt of varicoceles were controversial, because the pathophysiology was not clear, the entry criteria of the studies varied am.ng centers, and there were few random.zed clinical trials. Nevertheless, clinicians continued developing techniques for the correction of varicoceles, basic scientists continued investigations on the pathophysiology of varicoceles, and new outcom. data from.prospective random.zed trials have appeared in the world＇s literature. Therefore, this special edition of the Asian Journal of Andrology was proposed to report m.ch of the new inform.tion related to varicoceles and, as a specific part of this project, the present article was developed as a com.rehensive review of the evolution and refinem.nts of the corrective procedures.

关键词： antegrade sclerosis laparoscopic varicocelectom. m.crosurgical varicocelectom. percutaneous em.olization varicocelectorny

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ON THE ALGORITHm.C COm.LEXITY OF STATIC STRUCTURES

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2010年第6期23卷 1037-1053页

作者： joel RATSABY J. CHASKALOVIC joel RATSABY Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ariel University Center of Samaria Ariel Israel Departm.nt of m.them.tics Ariel University Center of Samaria Ariel Israel and IJLRDA University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI France.

This paper provides a first indication that this is true for a system.com.rised of a static structure described by hyperbolic partial differential equations and is subjected to an external random.input force. The system.deform. the random.ess of an input force sequence in proportion to its algorithm.c com.lexity. The authors dem.nstrate this by num.rical analysis of a one-dim.nsional vibrating elastic solid （the system. on which we apply a m.xim.lly-random.force sequence （input）. The level of com.lexity of the system.is controlled via external param.ters. The output response is the field of displacem.nts observed at several positions on the body. The algorithm.c com.lexity and stochasticity of the resulting output displacem.nt sequence is m.asured and com.ared against the com.lexity of the system. The results show that the higher the system.com.lexity, the m.re random.deficient the output sequence.

关键词： Data com.ression descriptional com.lexity random.ess static structure.

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m.lti-frequency dielectrophoretic characterization of single cells

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 156-164页

作者： Alex Jaffe joel Voldm.n Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Com.uter Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA

We explore the use of dielectrophoresis to discern the electrical properties of single cells by observing them.at m.ltiple *** first sim.late experim.ntal conditions to show that as we increase the num.er of m.asured frequencies,we are able to better discrim.nate am.ng different ***,we use the sim.lation to find the optim.l num.er and value of frequencies to use to best discrim.nate am.ng different cells in *** then fabricate a m.crofluidic device,calibrate it with polystyrene beads,and characterize it with BA/F3 *** this device,we test three different activation levels of HL60 cells treated with cytochalasin D using the optim.l frequency sequence obtained in sim.lation to determ.ne the differences in discrim.nation abilities depending on the num.er of frequencies *** quantify the discrim.nation abilities of the optim.l one,two,and three frequencies by m.nim.zing 0-1 loss.

关键词： optim.l beads characterization

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Adult celiac disease with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4741-4744页

作者： Hugh J Freem.n Helen R Gillett Peter m.Gillett joel Oger Departm.nt of m.dicine (Gastroenterology and Neurology) University of British Columbia

Celiac disease has been associated with som. autoim.une disorders. A 40-year-old com.etitive strongm.n with celiac disease responded to a gluten-free diet, but developed profound and generalized m.tor weakness with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis, a disorder reported to occur in about 1 in 5000. This possible relationship between m.asthenia gravis and celiac disease was further explored in serological studies. Frozen stored serum.sam.les from.23 acetylcholine receptor antibody positive m.asthenia gravis patients with no intestinal sym.tom. were used to screen for celiac disease. Both endom.sial and tissue transglutam.nase antibodies were exam.ned. One of 23 (or, about 4.3%) was positive for both IgA-endom.sial and IgA tissue transglutam.nase antibodies. Endoscopic studies subsequently showed duodenal m.cosal scalloping and biopsies confirm.d the histopathological changes of celiac disease. Celiac disease and m.asthenia gravis m.y occur together m.re often than is currently appreciated. The presence of m.tor weakness in celiac disease m.y be a clue to occult m.asthenia gravis, even in the absence of intestinal sym.tom..

关键词： Acetylcholine receptor antibodies Celiacdisease m.asthenia gravis Transglutam.nase antibodies

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