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Households＇ Assessment of the Water Quality and Services of multi-model Urban Water Supply System in the Informal Settlements of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第5期12卷 362-381页

作者： Francis Dakyaga Alphonce G. Kyessi joel m. msami Faculty of Planning and Land management University for Development Studies P. O. Box UPW03 Wa Ghana Institute of Human Settlements Studies Ardhi University P.O. Box 35124 Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Urban and Regional Planning Ardhi University P.O. Box 35124 Dar es Salaam Tanzania

In the global south wide range of studies highlight the limitations of the single-modelled public urban water system to meeting the endogenous water preferences of the urban population. Studies also touched on the complementary roles of private water actors to the single-modelled public water supply system in the urban water supply network. multiple of urban water supply systems （multi-model） co-exist in the urban landscape of global south. However, it is unclear and largely inconclusive on the suitable and satisfactory urban water supply model that meets the water consumption needs of informal settlement dwellers in the global south. This study draws the experiences of households in the informal settlements using a case-study with cross-sectional survey strategy to assess the suitability of the multi-model urban water supply system for sustainable urban water supply in the informal settlements. A total of 292 households were randomly sampled alongside 35 purposively sampled private water actors and public water departments. The data were collected through face to face interviews. Findings show that water supply services of the multi-model water supply system are inevitably suitable for the water consumption needs of informal settlements’s dwellers. The operation of the multi-model water supply system is flexible and able to accommodate the diverse water consumption preferences and choices of the different socio-economic groups in the informal settlements. We observed that multiplicity of urban water supply system increases households’ access to water but does not necessarily improve the quality of water serve in the informal settlements. The paper recommended for the formalisation and adoption of the multi-model urban water supply system to meet the growing demand for improved water supply and services in the informal settlements.

关键词： Water quality multi-model water supply informal settlements urban water supply urban poor.

Anti-Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhoea: Current Treatments and Side-Effects

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International Journal of Clinical medicine 2014年第7期5卷 393-406页

作者： Rachel m. mcQuade joel C. Bornstein Kulmira Nurgali College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University Melbourne Australia Department of Physiology Melbourne University Melbourne Australia

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a common side-effect experienced by patients being treated with a variety of antineoplastic agents. Approximately 80% of patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment for colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers present with CID;moreover, about 5% of early deaths associated with combination anti-cancer chemotherapy are due to CID. Chronic post-treatment diarrhoea amongst cancer survivors can persist for more than 10 years greatly effecting long-term quality of life. Gastrointestinal toxicities such as diarrhoea and vomiting are amongst the primary contributors to dose reductions and delays throughout anti-cancer treatment, presenting a significant hurdle in clinical management of anti-cancer regimes and often result in sub-optimum treatment. However, little is known about pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CID. This work provides a review of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea, current management guidelines, and shortcomings of current treatments as well as emerging and already existing anti-diarrhoeal treatments potentially suitable for CID.

关键词： Oxaliplatin Irinotecan 5-Fluorouracil Cisplatin Carboplatin Chemotherapy Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhoea

Reverse Logistics Related to Waste management with Emphasis on Developing CountriesmA Review Paper

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第9期1卷 1104-1118页

作者： joel R. Kinobe Girma Gebresenbet Bjōm Vinneràs Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering College of Engineering Design Art and TechnologyKampala 7062 Uganda Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 7032 Sweden

This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.

关键词： Logistics reverse logistics waste waste management recycling Uganda.

Relativistic charged stellar modeling with a perfect fluid sphere

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第9期75卷 113-121页

作者： Joaquin Estevez-Delgado joel Arturo Rodríguez Ceballos Jorge mauricio Paulin-Fuentes JoséVega Cabrera Antonio Rendón Romero Facultad de Ciencias Físico matemáticas de la Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio BCiudad UniversitariaMorelia MichoacánCP 58040Mexico Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología de la Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Tzintzuntzan No.173Col.MatamorosMorelia MichoacánC.P.58240Mexico División Académica de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa Km.1Col.La Esmeralda86690CunduacánTabascoMexico Facultad de Ingenieria mecanica de la Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio W Ciudad UniversitariaCP 58030Morelia MichoacánMexico

In this report we present the generalization of a solution to Einstein's equations with perfect fluid for the case of Einstein–maxwell with perfect *** effect of the charge is reflected by a parameter,ν,and its interval is determined by the positivity condition from the pressure in the interior of the *** is shown that the solution is stable according to the Zeldovich criteria as well as in relation to the criteria of the adiabatic *** compactness,u=Gm/c^(2)R,of this charged model is greater than it is for the chargeless case as a result of the effect of the presence of the *** allows it to represent stars with a high compactness,in particular a graphic analysis is presented for the star SAX J1808.4-3658 with mass m=1.435m_(⊙)and radius R=7.07 *** these data and employing the solution,we obtain that the total maximum charge for the star is Q=2.4085×10^(20)C.

关键词： general relativity exact solutions charged fluid stars models

Pre-treatment twice with liposomal clodronate protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity through a pre-conditioning effect

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Liver Research 2020年第3期4卷 145-152页

作者： melissa m.Clemens joel H.Vazquez Stefanie Kennon-mcGill Sandra S.mcCullough Laura P.James mitchell R.mcGill Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Graduate SchoolUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Fay W.Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Center for Dietary Supplement Research University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA

Background and aim:Acetaminophen(APAP)overdose is a major cause of acute liver injury,but the role of macrophages in the propagation of the hepatotoxicity is *** research revealed that macrophage inhibitors protect against APAP ***,later work demonstrated that macrophage ablation by acute pre-treatment with liposomal clodronate(LC)exacerbates the *** our surprise,during other studies,we observed that pre-treatment twice with LC seemed to protect against APAP hepatotoxicity,in contrast to acute *** aim of this study was to confirm that observation and to explore the ***:We treated mice with empty liposomes(LE)or LC twice per week for 1 week before APAP overdose and collected blood and liver tissue at 0,2,and 6 h *** then measured liver injury(serum alanine aminotransferase activity,histology),APAP bioactivation(total glutathione,APAP-protein adducts),oxidative stress(oxidized glutathione(GSSG)),glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit c(Gclc)mRNA,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor(Nrf2)*** also confirmed the ablation of macrophages by F4/80 ***:Pre-treatment twice with LC dramatically reduced F4/80 staining,protected against liver injury,and reduced oxidative stress at 6 h post-APAP,without affecting APAP ***,Gclc mRNA was higher in the LC group at 0 h and total glutathione was higher at 2 h,indicating accelerated glutathione re-synthesis after APAP overdose due to greater basal glutamate-cysteine *** stress was lower in the LC groups at both time ***,total Nrf2 immunofluorescence was higher in the LC ***:We conclude that multiple pre-treatments with LC protect against APAP by accelerating glutathione re-synthesis through glutamate-cysteine *** using twice or possibly more LC pre-treatments to deplete macrophages,including peritoneal macrophages,should be aware of this poss

关键词： Acetaminophen(APAP) Acute liver failure(ALF) Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAmPs) Drug-induced liver injury Liposomal clodronate(LC) Kupffer cells Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor(Nrf2) Sterile inflammation Stress response

静态条件下碳酸盐岩三维孔隙网络的溶蚀改造及其对孔隙结构的影响

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石油勘探与开发 2019年第2期46卷 361-369页

作者： ANDRIAmIHAJA Spariharijaona PADmANABHAN Eswaran BEN-AWUAH joel SOKKALINGAm Rajalingam Hydrocarbon Recovery and Technology Group Research and Technology PETRONAS Research Sdn.Bhd. Department of Geosciences Faculty of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Applied Geology Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

为了确定溶蚀对碳酸盐岩孔隙结构的影响,保持pH值和HCl溶液浓度等参数不变,使用泥质灰岩和颗粒灰岩作为研究样品在不同温度下进行了溶蚀实验、X射线微型CT成像、岩石薄片分析实验。研究确定了碳酸盐岩溶蚀释放的Ca^(2+)浓度与时间的关系... 详细信息

为了确定溶蚀对碳酸盐岩孔隙结构的影响,保持pH值和HCl溶液浓度等参数不变,使用泥质灰岩和颗粒灰岩作为研究样品在不同温度下进行了溶蚀实验、X射线微型CT成像、岩石薄片分析实验。研究确定了碳酸盐岩溶蚀释放的Ca^(2+)浓度与时间的关系;溶蚀前后的孔径分布表明温度和孔径变化之间没有相关性,颗粒灰岩中的孔径变化更显著,说明孔径变化主要受岩石本身的物性(初始孔隙度和渗透率)和不稳定矿物的丰度(与晶体形状、大小和矿物类型有关)控制。2种碳酸盐岩在不同温度下的孔喉半径变化量非常小,为0.003～0.040 mm,增加倍数为1.3～3.5,平均为1.7;孔喉长度变化量为0.05～0.35 mm。孔喉半径、长度和连通性的微小变化对渗透率也有很大影响,渗透率变化量高达1 000×10^(-3)μm^2。

关键词：三维孔隙网络碳酸盐岩孔隙结构泥质灰岩颗粒灰岩酸化溶蚀 X射线显微层析

The advances of cardiac resynchronization therapy

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解放军医学杂志 2010年第4期35卷 467-471页

作者： YANG Xing-sheng SUN Jing-ping joel m.Felner Crawford Long Hospital AtlantaEmory University School of MedicineGAUSA

Heart failure(HF)currently affects over 5 million Americans,with approximately 500 000 new cases diagnosed each year,with 5-year mortality rates approaching 50%.This is the most common cause of hospitalization in patients older than 65 years-old~([1]).There is overwhelming evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials that provides support for cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)in patients with symptomatic heart failure and ventricular dyssynchrony.

关键词：心脏同步化治疗

坦桑尼亚沿海城市淡水供应相关挑战的可持续适应策略

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华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2020年第S1期 114-119页

作者： NGONDO m.Jamila 程和琴 DUBI m.Alfonse NOBERT joel 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室上海200241 达累斯萨拉姆大学地理系坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学交通与岩土工程系坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学水资源工程系坦桑尼亚

坦桑尼亚沿海城市对淡水的需求随着人口增长、气候变化及其相关海平面上升和变化等因素而不断增加,使得未来淡水供应不确定.为了满足这一日益增长的需求,地下水资源正日益被开发利用.本研究旨在探讨淡水供应对坦桑尼亚沿海城市的挑战,... 详细信息

坦桑尼亚沿海城市对淡水的需求随着人口增长、气候变化及其相关海平面上升和变化等因素而不断增加,使得未来淡水供应不确定.为了满足这一日益增长的需求,地下水资源正日益被开发利用.本研究旨在探讨淡水供应对坦桑尼亚沿海城市的挑战,并提出可持续的适应措施.研究结果表明,坦桑尼亚沿海城市受到一系列海水入侵,其影响随着气候变化和人口增长而增加.

关键词：淡水供应气候变化盐度沿海城市适应策略

microbial and size characterization of airborne particulate matter collected on sticky tapes along US–mexico border

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 207-216页

作者： Amir Gonzalez-Delgado manoj K.Shukla David W.DuBois Juan P.Flores-mdrgez joel A.Hernandez Escamilla Evangelina Olivas Plant and Environmental Sciences Department New Mexico State UniversityMSC 3Q Skeen Hall Room N 127P.O.Box 30003Las CrucesNM 88003-8003USA Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Judrez UACJAv.Plutarco Elias Calles 1020Fovisste ChamizalCiudad JudrezChihuahua C.P.32310Mexico

Particulate matter （Pm） emissions from various sources can affect significantly human health and environmental quality especially in the Chihuahuan Desert region along US- mexico border. The objective of this study was to use the low-cost sticky tape method to collect airborne Pm for size characterization and identification of fungal spores. Sticky tape samplers were placed at 1.0 and 2.0 m above the ground surface at experimental sites in Ciudad Ju＆ez, mexico and at 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m at New mexico sites, USA. Soil samples were collected in both countries to determine fungal diversity, texture and moisture content. Dust particles collected from all of the experimental sites had a dominant texture of clay （〈0.002 mm）. The dominant textures identified from soil samples collected from the US and mexican sites were loam and sandy clay loam, respectively. Alternaria, Penicillium and Fusarium were frequently found funguses in the US sites while Alternaria and Aspergillus were commonly observed in the mexican sites. The sticky tapes also showed a similar diversity of fungal microorganisms present in the airborne Pm at both mexico and US sites. Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus were the three groups of airborne fungal microorgan- isms consistently present in the US and mexican sites. The low-cost sticky tape method has the potential to be used for characterizing different airbome microorganisms and dust particles.

关键词： Fungal sporesSticky tapeParticle sizemicroorganismDust