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Antimicrobial Profiles of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Recoverable from Sewage and Sludge from Juja and k.bera Informal Settlements of the Larger Nairobi Metropolis

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第6期9卷 507-524页

作者： John Maina Perpetual Ndung’u Anne Muigai Helen Onyango joel k. mukaya Susan Wambui Terry Judah Joyce k.nyua Joystella Muriuk. Lynne Chesenge Lydia k.soo Rebecca Thuk. Boniface Wachira Vincent Bett Thomas Gachuk. John k.iru Jomo k.nyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kiambu County Central Kenya Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Nairobi Kenya

Africa has experienced rapid urban migration in the past two decades. New informal settlements continue to emerge and expand but the sanitation provision of facilities has not improved at the same pace and this poses a serious health concern to the public especially the urban poor. Open sewage systems and sludge-clogged drainage systems as well as soil contaminated with industrial and domestic wastes are possible sources of germs that probably cause clinical infections and epidemics. In this cross-sectional study, we recorded diverse genera of Gram-negative non-fastidious bacteria that included;Escherichia coli (23%), k.ebsiella spp (21%), Enterobacter spp (19%), Citrobacter spp (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), Proteus spp (7%), Salmonella (3%), Yersinia spp (3%), Shigella spp (2%), Morganella morganii (2%), Edwardisella spp (1%), Hafnia spp (1%), Serratia marcesence (0.5%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (0.5%). Most of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin while imipenem and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antimicrobial agents. Resistance combination towards ampicillin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin was also noted in recovered isolates (16%). An overall high antimicrobial resistance was recorded among isolates from slum as compared to those recovered from Juja, a middle-class settlement located at the edge of Nairobi metropolis. The prevalence of isolates with a combined resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime), gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was the highest among P. aeruginosa isolates (13%) but none of the Yersinia species and Edwardisella tarda exhibited this resistance. Carriage of blaTEM (52%) was most prevalent in all bacteria species followed by blaCTX-M (20%), blaSHV (18%) while blaOXA (17%) was the least common. The phylogeny analysis revealed significant genetic similarity among strains belonging to E. coli, k. pneumoniae, E. agglomerans and P. mirabilis strains but less relatedness

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Multiple-Drug Resistance (MDR) Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae Sewage and Sludge

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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick.k.ry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

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Human endogenous retroviruses: ammunition for myeloid cells in neurodegenerative diseases?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1043-1044页

作者： joel Gruchot David k.emer Patrick.k.ry Department of Neurology NeuroregenerationMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

Activation of myeloid cells by human endogenous retroviral entities:While the exact causes of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS)or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are still elusive,there is evidence of a new category of pathogenic elements called human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)which seem to contribute to their evolution and progression by exerting inflammatory and degenerative effects(k.ry et al.,2018).HERVs are ancient retroviral elements which account for up to 8%of the human genome and it is k.own that environmental factors can trigger their(re-)expression(k.ry et al.,2018).The resulting production of viral particles and/or proteins,especially from members of the HERV-W and HERV-k.family,is strongly correlated with the onset and progression of neurological diseases,such as MS and ALS(k.ry et al.,2018).

关键词： endogenous diseases al.

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Microstructure, Mechanical Properties (Strength and Hardness) and Wear Behavior of Chilled Aluminum Alloy (LM-13) Reinforced with Titanium Carbide (TiC) Metal Matrix Composites

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期7卷 55-66页

作者： joel Hemanth k. Arasuk.mar School of Engineering Presidency University Bangalore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Gopalan College of Engineering and Management Bangalore India

This paper deals with the production of aluminum alloy (LM-13) reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) chilled composites subject to different chilling rates to study the effect of chilling on microstructure, mechanical and tribological behavior. Metallic and non-metallic chills (25 mm thick. were used in this investigation. The specimens tak.n from casting block. were tested for their microstructure, strength, hardness and wear behavior. It was found in the present investigation that chilling rate and addition of TiC reinforcement (3 to 12 wt% in steps of 3 wt%) have improved both mechanical properties (strength and hardness) and wear resistance of the composite developed. Out of the chills used, copper chill was found to be good in improving mechanical properties because of its high Volumetric Heat Capacity (VHC). It is concluded from the above investigation that type of chill and hence chilling rate, reinforcement content have an effect on mechanical properties wear behavior.

关键词： Wear Strength Hardness Chill Solidification

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Optical properties of Weyl semimetals

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 206-208页

作者： joel E.Moore Department of Physics University of California Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

The behavior of electrons in ordinary metals is dominated by physics near the Fermi surface. Indeed, many of the first successes of the quantum theory of solids, such as understanding the large specific heat of metals, followed from applications of the Fermi surface concept. Great effort has been devoted in recent years to semimetals in which the Fermi surface shrink. to a set of Dirac or Weyl points, where four

关键词： As Ta Optical properties of Weyl semimetals

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Effect of Cambering on the Aerodynamic Performance of Heaving Airfoils

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 398-404,406-407页

作者： joel E.Guerrero Postdoctoral Research Fellow Department of CivilEnvironmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of GenoaVia Montallegro 1Genoa16145Italy

In the present work.a parametric numerical study is conducted in order to assess the effect of airfoil cambering on the aerodynamic performance of rigid heaving *** incompressible Navier-Stok.s equations are solved in their velocity-pressure formulation using a second-order accurate in space and time finite-difference *** tack.e the problem of moving boundaries,the governing equations are solved on overlapping structured *** numerical simulations are performed at a Reynolds number of Re=1100 and at different values of Strouhal number and reduced *** results obtained show that the airfoil cambering geometric parameter has a strong influence on the average lift coefficient,while it has a smaller impact on the average thrust coefficient and propulsive efficiency of heaving airfoils.

关键词： heaving airfoils structured overlapping grids incompressible Navier-Stok.s equations airfoil cambering

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Science： a world without borders

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Protein & Cell 2015年第8期6卷 551-552页

作者： joel Haywood CAS k.y Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

In 2010 the effects of the global financial crisis were still being felt in the Uk. Stock.mark.t confidence levels were low, unemployment levels were high and job opportunities were few and far between especially for new graduates with little work.experience. Unfortunately for my partner, her recent graduation and search for job opportunities within the finance and law sector could not have come at a more unsuitable time. China however had better weathered the storm of the financial crisis and presented itself as a more familiar and fruitful climate for my partner to further develop her career. Furthermore.

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The evolution and refinements of varicocele surgery

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 171-178,J0002页

作者： joel L Marmar Director of Men's Health Services Planned Parenthood of Southern New Jersey 317 S. Broadway Camden NJ 08103 USA.

Varicoceles had been recognized in clinical practice for over a century. Originally, these procedures were utilized for the management of pain but, since 1952, the repairs had been mostly for the treatment of male infertility. However, the diagnosis and treatment of varicoceles were controversial, because the pathophysiology was not clear, the entry criteria of the studies varied among centers, and there were few randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, clinicians continued developing techniques for the correction of varicoceles, basic scientists continued investigations on the pathophysiology of varicoceles, and new outcome data from prospective randomized trials have appeared in the world＇s literature. Therefore, this special edition of the Asian Journal of Andrology was proposed to report much of the new information related to varicoceles and, as a specific part of this project, the present article was developed as a comprehensive review of the evolution and refinements of the corrective procedures.

关键词： antegrade sclerosis laparoscopic varicocelectomy microsurgical varicocelectomy percutaneous embolization varicocelectorny

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Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Thermal Gradient of a Solid Rectangular Fin with Embossing’s for Aerospace Applications

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2018年第3期3卷 49-60页

作者： joel Hemanth k. B. Yogesh Presidency University Bangalore India JSS Academy of Technical Education Bangalore India

Fins are the extended surfaces through which heat transfer tak.s place by conduction and convection to k.ep the base surface cool. Fins of various configurations are presently used ranging from automobile engines to cooling of chip in a computer. Fins used presently are solid with different shapes but in the present research such solid fins are compared with solid fins having maximum of 10 numbers of embossing’s that further increases the surface area for maximum heat transfer. Importance in this research is given to variation of temperature along the length of the fins which in turn gives rate of heat transfer. Thus this research is under tak.n to increase the efficiency of fins (by extracting heat from the base surface) which is highly demanded today for air cooled engines, compressors, refrigerators etc. In the present research, SOLID70 element and SURF152 elements are used for FE analysis. Methodology involves 3D rectangular fin modelling and meshing, creation of surf elements for the modeling, applying the boundary conditions and source temperature, applying the material property (aluminum) to obtain the steady state thermal contours. FEA results are finally compared with analytic and experimental values for validity. In the present research, a solid rectangular aluminum fin and the same rectangular fin with 2, 4, 8 and 10 embossing’s were compared through finite element analysis for its temperature distribution along the length. FEA analysis of the present research showed that fins having embossing’s were more efficient compared to that a simple solid fin. Hence it is concluded from the present research that embossing’s at preferred locations further increases the rate of heat transfer. From the present analysis it is concluded that the mathematical and FEA for a solid rectangular fin without embossing’s are converging within ±1.2°C and rectangular fin with 10 embossing’s is converging within ±1.4°C and hence the validity.

关键词： Fin FEA Temperature Embossing and Surface

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Intergenic subset organization within a set of geographically-defined viral sequences from the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2012年第1期2卷 32-41页

作者： William A. Thompson joel k. Weltman Department of Medicine Alpert/Brown University School of Medicine Providence USA Division of Applied Mathematics and Center for Computational Molecular Biology Brown University Providence USA

We report a bioinformatic analysis of the datasets of sequences of all ten genes from the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic in the state of Wisconsin. The gene with the greatest summed information entropy was found to be the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Based upon the viral ID identifier of the HA gene sequence, the sequences of all of the genes were sorted into two subsets, depending upon whether the nucleotide occupying the position of maximum entropy, position 658 of the HA sequence, was either A or U. It was found that the information entropy (H) distributions of subsets differed significantly from each other, from H distributions of randomly generated subsets and from the H distributions of the complete datasets of each gene. Mutual information (MI) values facilitated identification of nine nucleotide positions, distributed over seven of the influenza genes, at which the nucleotide subsets were disjoint, or almost disjoint. Nucleotide frequencies at these nine positions were used to compute mutual information values that subsequently served as weighting factors for edges in a graph net-work. Seven of the nucleotide positions in the graph network.are sites of synonymous mutations. Three of these sites of synonymous mutation are within a single gene, the M1 gene, which occupied the position of greatest graph centrality. It is proposed that these bioinformatic and network.graph results may reflect alterations in M1-mediated viral pack.ging and exteriorization, k.own to be susceptible to synonymous mutations.

关键词： Influenza A H1N1 Bioinformatics Genes Pandemic Epidemic Information Entropy MutualInFormation Graph Network Centrality Subsets

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