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Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： joe.F.Bozeman III School of Civil and environmental engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic equity Framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： equity Bias Machine learning Data Science Justice Systemic equity

Selection of a cut-off for high-and low-methane producers using a spot-methane breath test:results from a large north American dataset of hydrogen,methane and carbon dioxide measurements in breath

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第3期5卷 193-199,I0001,I0002页

作者： Klaus Gottlieb Chenxiong le Vince Wacher joe.Sliman Christine Cruz Tyler Porter Stephen Carter Synthetic Biologics Inc. RockvilleMarylandUSA Commonwealth Laboratories LLC SalemMassachusettsUSA

Background:levels of breath methane,together with breath hydrogen,are determined by means of repeated collections of both,following ingestion of a carbohydrate substrate,at 15–20 minutes intervals,until 10 samples have been *** frequent sampling is required to capture a rise of hydrogen emissions,which typically occur later in the test:in contrast,methane levels are typically elevated at *** methane emissions represent the principal objective of the test,a spot methane test(i.e.a single-time-point sample taken after an overnight fast without administration of substrate)may be ***:We analysed 10-sample lactulose breath test data from 11674 consecutive unique subjects who submitted samples to Commonwealth Laboratories(Salem,MA,USA)from sites in all of the states of the USA over a one-year *** North American Consensus(NAC)guidelines criteria for breath testing served as a reference ***:The overall prevalence of methane-positive subjects(by NAC criteria)was 20.4%,based on corrected methane results,and 18.9% based on raw *** our USA dataset,the optimal cut-off level to maximize sensitivity and specificity was4ppm CH4,94.5%[confidence interval(CI):93.5–95.4%]and 95.0%(CI:94.6–95.5%),*** use of a correction factor(CF)(5%CO_(2) as numerator)led to reclassifications CH4-high to CH_(4)-low in 0.7% and CH_(4)-low to CH_(4)-high in 2.1%.Conclusions:A cut-off value for methane at baseline of either≥4 ppm,as in our USA dataset,or≥5 ppm,as described in a single institution study,are both highly accurate in identifying subjects at baseline that would be diagnosed as‘methanepositive’in a 10-sample lactulose breath test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

关键词： breath tests spot-methane breath test diagnostic test small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

enabling Inverter-based Resource Stability Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Penetration

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CSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2023年第3期9卷 1248-1250页

作者： joe.H.Chow Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY 12180-3590USA

This rapid communication provides the author’s viewpoints on the need to develop grid stability functions for inverter-based resources,in particular,controls to enhance system *** discussion will be focused on transi... 详细信息

关键词： Frequency regulation inverter control time scales transient stability

Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U Activates Innate Immune Defense against Norovirus Infection through TBK1-IRF3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

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Research 2023年第3期2022卷 229-241页

作者： Da Hyun Kim Minju Jeong Jae Hwan Kim joe.eun son John JYlee Sang-jun Park Juyeon lee Minwoo Kim Jong-Won Oh Myeong Soo Park Sanguine Byun Department of Biotechnology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada Research Center BIFIDO Co.Ltd.Hanam 12930Republic of Korea

The composition of commensal bacteria plays a critical role in controlling immune responses in the *** have shown that specific bacterial strains may have the capacity to enhance host immune defense against gastrointestinal viral *** norovirus is known to be the most common cause of gastroenteritis,leading to an estimated 200,000 deaths every year,identification of bacterial strains with protective effects against norovirus infection remains ***,we discovered Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U(HHuMin-U)as a potent antiviral strain against norovirus ***-U significantly suppressed murine norovirus replication and lowered viral RNA titers in *** transcriptome sequencing(RNA sequencing)analysis revealed that HHuMin-U markedly enhanced the expression level of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes compared to mock ***-U treatment dose-dependently induced type I interferons(IFN-αand IFN-β)and tumor necrosis factor-αproduction in mouse and human macrophages,promoting antiviral innate responses against norovirus *** on the molecular mechanism demonstrated that HHuMin-U can activate nuclear factorκB and TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)–interferon regulatory factor 3 signaling pathways,leading to the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 2,the key mediators of interferon-stimulated ***,oral administration of HHuMin-U increased IFN-βlevels in the ileum of mice and altered the gut microbiome *** results suggest the species/strain-specific importance of gut microbial composition for antiviral immune responses and the potential use of HHuMin-U as a probiotic agent.

关键词： TBK1 interferon protective

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第3期6卷 242-242,I0003页

Gastroenterol Rep(Oxf).2017 doi:10.1093/gastro/*** authors wish to inform the reader that any references to‘confidential interval’throughout the paper have been corrected to‘confidence interval’.The paper has now ... 详细信息

关键词： methane dioxide corrected

DeGRee 3 ALGeBRAIC MINIMAL SURFACeS IN THe 3-SPHeRe

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2012年第6期32卷 2065-2084页

作者： joe.S.Wang 4 Ricado Ln St.LauisM063124USA

We give a local analytic characterization that a minimal surface in the 3-sphere S3 C R4 defined by an irreducible cubic polynomial is one of the Lawson＇s minimal tori. This provides an alternative proof of the result by Perdomo （Characterization of order 3 algebraic immersed minimal surfaces of S3, Geom. Dedicata 129 （2007）, 23 34）.

关键词： algebraic minimal surface 3-sphere cubic polynomial

Term-Dependent Confidence Normalisation for Out-of-Vocabulary Spoken Term Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第2期27卷 358-375页

作者： Javier Tejedo Simon King joe.Frankel Centre for Speech Technology Research University of Edinburgh10 Crichton Street Human Computer Technology Laboratory (HCTLab) School of Computer Engineering and Telecommunication University Autonomous of MadridAvenue Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1128049MadridSpain

An important component of a spoken term detection （STD） system involves estimating confidence measures of hypothesised detections.A potential problem of the widely used lattice-based confidence estimation,however,is that the confidence scores are treated uniformly for all search terms,regardless of how much they may differ in terms of phonetic or linguistic *** problem is particularly evident for out-of-vocabulary （OOV） terms which tend to exhibit high intra-term *** address the impact of term diversity on confidence measures,we propose in this work a term-dependent normalisation technique which compensates for term diversity in confidence *** first derive an evaluation-metric-oriented normalisation that optimises the evaluation metric by compensating for the diverse occurrence rates among terms,and then propose a linear bias compensation and a discriminative compensation to deal with the bias problem that is inherent in lattice-based confidence measurement and from which the Term Specific Threshold （TST） approach *** tested the proposed technique on speech data from the multi-party meeting domain with two state-ofthe-art STD systems based on phonemes and words *** experimental results demonstrate that the confidence normalisation approach leads to a significant performance improvement in STD,particularly for OOV terms with phonemebased systems.

关键词： confidence estimation discriminative model spoken term detection speech recognition

Geologic data collection and assessment techniques in coal mining for ground control

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 131-139页

作者： Mark Van Dyke Ted Klemetti joe.Wickline NIOSH Pittsburgh15236 PAUSA Coronado Global Resources Inc. BeckleyWVUSA

The identification and mitigation of adverse geologic conditions are critical to the safety and productivity of underground coal mining *** anticipate and mitigate adverse geologic conditions,a formal method to evaluate geotechnical factors must be *** mine is unique and has its own separate approach for defining what an adverse geological condition consists *** collection of geologic data is a first critical step to creating a geological database to map these hazards efficiently and *** considerations must be taken into account,such as lithology of immediate roof and floor strata,seam height,gas and oil wells,faults,depressions in the mine floor(water)and increases in floor elevation(gas),overburden,streams and horizontal stress directions,amongst many other *** geologic data is collected,it can be refined and integrated into a database that can be used to develop maps showing the trend,orientation,and extent of the adverse geological *** information,delivered in a timely manner,allows mining personnel to be proactive in mine planning and support implementations,ultimately reducing the impacts of these *** paper covers geologic exploratory methods,data organization,and the value of collecting and interpreting geologic information in coal mines to enhance safety and *** implementation of the methods described above has been proven effective in predicting and mitigating adverse geologic conditions in underground coal *** re-evaluation of data collection methods,geologic interpretations,mapping procedures,and communication techniques ensures continuous improvement in the accuracy of predictions and mitigation of adverse geologic *** a concise record of the work previously done to track geologic conditions at a mine will allow for the smoothest transition during employee turnover and *** refinements and standardization of data collection methods,

关键词： Roof control Database Mapping Hazards Geology

CONVeRGeNCe OF BACKPRIOPAG ATION WITH MOMeNTUM FOR NeTWORK A RCHITeCTUReS WITH SKIP CONNeCTIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第1期39卷 147-158页

作者： Chirag Agarwal joe.Klobusicky Dan Schonfeld Department of electrical and Cormputer engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of electrical and Computer engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

We study a class of deep neural networks with architectures that form a directed acyclic graph(DAG).For backpropagation defined by gradient descent with adaptive momentum,we show weights converge for a large class of nonlinear activation functions.'The proof generalizes the results of Wu et al.(2008)who showed convergence for a feed-forward network with one hidden *** an example of the effectiveness of DAG architectures,we describe an example of compression through an Autoencoder,and compare against sequential feed-forward networks under several metrics.

关键词： Backpropagation with momentum Autoencoders Directed acyclic graphs.