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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： joe F.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity Framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

建设灾害韧性城市:全球五座城市韧性相关政策与地方实践比较研究

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景观设计学（中英文） 2024年第1期12卷 26-46页

作者：冉静李琼辉乔·拉维茨特里斯特拉姆·C.海尔斯阿德里安·希利佐里卡·内多维奇-布迪奇奥马尔·佩雷斯·菲格罗亚安娜·泰勒湖南大学建筑与规划学院长沙410082 英国曼彻斯特大学曼彻斯特城市研究所曼彻斯特M139PL 英国卡迪夫大学地球与海洋科学学院卡迪夫CF103YE 英国卡迪夫大学地理与规划学院卡迪夫CF103WA 美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校城市与区域规划系香槟市61820 爱尔兰都柏林大学学院建筑、规划与环境政策学院都柏林D14E099 南非开普敦大学非洲气候与发展研究所开普敦7700

本研究通过对全球五个典型城市——南非开普敦、英国大曼彻斯特地区、中国长沙和汶川,以及波多黎各圣胡安市——的韧性相关政策和地方实践进行比较分析,探讨了向灾害韧性城市转型的途径。通过构建社会-环境系统下覆盖七个相互关联的维... 详细信息

本研究通过对全球五个典型城市——南非开普敦、英国大曼彻斯特地区、中国长沙和汶川,以及波多黎各圣胡安市——的韧性相关政策和地方实践进行比较分析,探讨了向灾害韧性城市转型的途径。通过构建社会-环境系统下覆盖七个相互关联的维度的概念性框架,本文系统梳理了这些城市在政策文件和地方实践中如何感知灾害风险和处理韧性问题。通过横向对比政策文件,城市间的不同韧性策略得以展现:开普敦采用多种节水措施,通过提高水韧性来应对干旱;大曼彻斯特地区在灾害风险减少方面较为重视人和组织机构的影响与作用;长沙和汶川优先考虑特定的灾害响应措施,而圣胡安市则通过多方面行动来应对环境和社会经济挑战。通过梳理各城市的地方实践,本文展示了当地居民自下而上提升韧性的有效性,相关案例包括开普敦的家庭钻井和长沙的社区参与。然而,整体而言,各城市对文化/世界观维度和城乡空间维度考虑不足。弥合这一差距对于有效的风险管理和灾后恢复至关重要。本文强调应当将政策制定与地方实践相结合,并呼吁优先考虑具有针对性的灾后恢复计划,加强对城乡空间维度的投入。总体上,本研究为构建灾害韧性城市提供了宝贵思路,为城市政策制定者和规划者提供了应对未来挑战和提升城市韧性的基础。

关键词：灾害韧性政策框架地方实践比较分析韧性路径

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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo joe W.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

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Going deep:Roots,carbon,and analyzing subsoil carbon dynamics

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 1-3页

作者： Ezhilmathi Angela Joseph Fernando Michael Selvaraj Yusaku Uga Wolfgang Busch Hunt Bowers joe Tohme Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraAprtado Aereo 6713Cali 763537Colombia National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences(NIAS) TsukubaIbaraki 305-0856Japan Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Earth Optics Suite 840ArlingtonVA 22202USA

Agricultural practices currently contribute to the emission of approximately 10%–12%atmospheric greenhouse gasses,with tillage agriculture accelerating soil disruption and carbon dioxide ***,various options exist,such as converting new lands for agriculture,promoting healthier plant-based diets,adopting advanced management technologies,and minimizing food ***,these measures alone are insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability within planetary boundaries.

关键词： soil measures carbon

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忽略心理疾病的征兆

科学新闻 2024年第2期 60-61页

作者： joe Higham 倪伟波

“我很担心你。”一个朋友说。在这之前的两周里，我脑子里的想法多到自己都无法跟上，每晚睡眠很少超过4个小时。但我并不累，觉得自己不可思议、不可战胜。这并不是朋友第一次表达担忧，但这一次这句话一直在我脑海中回响。当我们继...

“我很担心你。”一个朋友说。在这之前的两周里，我脑子里的想法多到自己都无法跟上，每晚睡眠很少超过4个小时。但我并不累，觉得自己不可思议、不可战胜。这并不是朋友第一次表达担忧，但这一次这句话一直在我脑海中回响。当我们继续交谈时，他们开始讲述我的其他不寻常行为，我开始注意到自己说话的速度是多么快，声音是多么大、多么有力。就在这时，我明白了现实——我很狂躁。这一认知不仅改变了我对待心理健康的态度，也改变了我的职业道路。

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Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Oxygenated Diesel in DI Engines: A Critical Review

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第6期12卷 16-49页

作者： Joseph Lungu Lennox Siwale Rudolph joe Kashinga School of Engineering The Copperbelt University Riverside Campus Kitwe Zambia

The transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources is a significant challenge of our time. In the fuel industry, oxygenated additives such as butanol are transforming conventional fuels into renewable biofuels. This technology has been utilized in reciprocating engines for decades. This paper reviews the viability of using an n-butanol blend as a short-term replacement for diesel by analyzing its physical and chemical properties, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in compression ignition (CI) engines under various conditions, including variable load, speed, acceleration, and both stationary and transient cycles. N-Butanol exhibits higher viscosity, better lubricity, higher heating value, improved blend stability, enhanced cold-flow properties, and higher density. These factors influence spray formation, injection timing, atomization, and combustion characteristics. Its higher oxygen content improves the diffusion combustion stage and efficiency. Adding 5% and 10% n-butanol to diesel increases pressure and apparent heat release rate, slightly reduces temperature, and improves thermal efficiency, with mixed effects on CO and THC emissions and a notable decrease in particulate matter emissions. Fuel consumption increases, while the impact on NOx emissions varies. A 10% butanol blend is considered optimal for enhancing performance and reducing particulate emissions without significantly affecting NOx emissions. Blending up to 40% butanol with diesel does not require engine modifications or ECU recalibrations in engines calibrated for pure diesel. Due to its advantageous properties and performance, n-butanol is recommended as a superior alcohol-diesel blend than ethanol for short-term diesel replacement.

关键词： Diesel Engine Alcohol Additives N-Butanol Combustion and Properties

The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians:A longitudinal study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 841-850页

作者： Ding Ding joe Van Buskirk Stephanie Partridge Philip Clare Edward Giovannucci Adrian Bauman Nicole Freene Robyn Gallagher Binh Nguyen Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Sydney Local Health District CamperdownNSW 2050Australia School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Health University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)***,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD *** examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause ***:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary *** activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total *** used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying ***:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,*** interactions between diet and physical activity were *** all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA *** for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause ***:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy d

关键词： Diet Physical activity Cardiovascular disease Mortality Cohort studies

Enhancing Patients Outcomes and Infection Control through Smart Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第6期12卷 25-37页

作者： Othniel Ojochonu Abalaka joe Essien Calistus Chimezie Martin Ogharandukun Department of Computer Science Veritas University Abuja Nigeria Department of Pure and Applied Physics Veritas University Abuja Nigeria

Air pollution poses a critical threat to public health and environmental sustainability globally, and Nigeria is no exception. Despite significant economic growth and urban development, Nigeria faces substantial air quality challenges, particularly in urban centers. While outdoor air pollution has received considerable attention, the issue of indoor air quality remains underexplored yet equally critical. This study aims to develop a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly solution for continuous monitoring and reporting of indoor air quality, accessible from anywhere via a web interface. Addressing the urgent need for effective indoor air quality monitoring in urban hospitals, the research focuses on designing and implementing a smart indoor air quality monitoring system using Arduino technology. Employing an Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and MQ135 gas sensor, the system collects real-time air quality data, transmits it to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, and visualizes it through a user-friendly web interface. This project offers a cost-effective, portable, and reliable solution for monitoring indoor air quality, aiming to mitigate health risks and promote a healthier living environment.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Air Pollution Infection Control Data Transmission Data Acquisition Sensors

Machine Learning Models for Heterogenous Network Security Anomaly Detection

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第6期12卷 38-58页

作者： Mercy Diligence Ogah joe Essien Martin Ogharandukun Monday Abdullahi Department of Computer Science Veritas University Abuja Nigeria Department of Pure and Applied Physics Veritas University Abuja Nigeria Department of Computer Science Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna Nigeria

The increasing amount and intricacy of network traffic in the modern digital era have worsened the difficulty of identifying abnormal behaviours that may indicate potential security breaches or operational interruptions. Conventional detection approaches face challenges in keeping up with the ever-changing strategies of cyber-attacks, resulting in heightened susceptibility and significant harm to network infrastructures. In order to tackle this urgent issue, this project focused on developing an effective anomaly detection system that utilizes Machine Learning technology. The suggested model utilizes contemporary machine learning algorithms and frameworks to autonomously detect deviations from typical network behaviour. It promptly identifies anomalous activities that may indicate security breaches or performance difficulties. The solution entails a multi-faceted approach encompassing data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, and evaluation. By utilizing machine learning methods, the model is trained on a wide range of datasets that include both regular and abnormal network traffic patterns. This training ensures that the model can adapt to numerous scenarios. The main priority is to ensure that the system is functional and efficient, with a particular emphasis on reducing false positives to avoid unwanted alerts. Additionally, efforts are directed on improving anomaly detection accuracy so that the model can consistently distinguish between potentially harmful and benign activity. This project aims to greatly strengthen network security by addressing emerging cyber threats and improving their resilience and reliability.

关键词： Cyber-Security Network Anomaly Detection Machine Learning Random Forest Decision Tree Gaussian Naive Bayes

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设施作物蒸腾蒸发模型的研究现状及存在问题

排灌机械工程学报 2024年第1期42卷 57-63页

作者：李迷闫浩芳张川张建云王国庆 ACQUAH Samuel joe 江苏大学国家水泵及系统工程技术研究中心江苏镇江212013 南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室江苏南京210029 江苏大学农业工程学院江苏镇江212013

确定设施作物蒸腾蒸发量(ET_(c))对于准确制定设施作物灌溉制度、提高设施农业用水效率及设施蔬菜的产量和品质具有重要的意义.对确定设施作物ET_(c)的直接和间接模型进行优缺点及适用性分析,比较了不同类型参考界面蒸腾蒸发(ET_(0))模... 详细信息

确定设施作物蒸腾蒸发量(ET_(c))对于准确制定设施作物灌溉制度、提高设施农业用水效率及设施蔬菜的产量和品质具有重要的意义.对确定设施作物ET_(c)的直接和间接模型进行优缺点及适用性分析,比较了不同类型参考界面蒸腾蒸发(ET_(0))模型的优势与局限性,对比了直接估算温室作物ET_(c)机理模型的准确性,并对不同机理模型中关键参数(冠层阻力参数)的确定方法及主要影响因素进行综述与分析.已有研究主要针对特定气候区域、温室通风类型、作物种类及种植季节,对冠层阻力参数进行修正,并验证模型的准确性,对温室作物ET_(c)模型的普适性研究不够充分,确定的模型参数往往不适用于其他类型温室或作物种植季节.推荐今后重点研究方向:研究温室作物ET_(c)变化过程对气候因子分布特征及变化规律的响应机理;研究不同ET_(c)机理模型对气候类型、作物种类及种植季节的适应性,构建更具普适性的温室作物ET_(c)模型.

关键词：蒸腾蒸发模型温室种类通风气象数据作物种类

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