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Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from cars, homes, and offices: An international comparison

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第2期2卷 66-72页

作者： Stuart Harrad Sandra Brommer jochen f.mueller School of Geography Earth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom National Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of QueenslandKessels RoadBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Concentrations of a number of organophosphate flame retardants(PfRs)were measured in floor dust collected from living rooms in Australia(n=42),Canada(n=14),Germany(n=22),and Kazakhstan(n=9);cars from Australia(n=39)and Germany(n=19);and offices from Germany(n=25)and Kazahkstan(n=8).PfR concentrations in these samples were compared with each other and with previously reported data for PfRs in dust from similar microenvironments in the *** data reveal significant between-country differences in both absolute concentrations and the relative abundance of specific PfRs in each of the microenvironments *** notably,concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust(median=21 μg g^-1)exceeded significantly(pf car dust samples contained elevated concentrations of TDCIPP,and German samples generally contained lower levels of PfRs in all microenvironments *** addition,PfRs were determined in dust samples collected from living room couches in both Australia(n=41)and the UK(n=10).The elevated concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust are likely attributable to the favoured use of this PfR in UK couch *** is indicated by concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust(median=610 μg g^-1)exceeding significantly those in Australian couch dust(median=2.9 μg g^-1).Moreover,concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust originating from couches 15 years old or less,display a marked relationship with the age of the couch,with concentrations in such samples increasing significantly(p<0.01)with couch age.

关键词： PfRs Indoor dust Australia Germany Canada Kazakhstan

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Efficient photocatalytic destruction of recalcitrant micropollutants using graphitic carbon nitride under simulated sunlight irradiation

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2021年第1期5卷 30-40页

作者： Jiexi Zhong Hui Jiang Zhiliang Wang Zhigang Yu Lianzhou Wang jochen f.mueller Jianhua Guo Advanced Water Management Centre The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQLD4102Australia Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN)The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia

The ubiquity of micropollutants(MPs)in aquatic environments has attracted increasing concern for public health and ecological *** to conventional biological treatment,photocatalytic processes show more efficiency in degrading MPs,but they require expensive materials and complicated synthesis *** study developed an economic photocatalytic process to degrade *** synthesized urea-based graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))by a facile one-step pyrolysis method and evaluated the photocatalytic efficiency of carbamazepine(CBZ).Under simulated solar irradiation,g-C_(3)N_(4) could achieve 100% removal efficiency of 0.1 mg/L CBZ in spiked wastewater effluent within 15 min,and 86.5% removal efficiency in wastewater influent after 20 min of *** porous structure of g-C_(3)N_(4) promoted effective charge separation and mass transport of CBZ near the catalyst surface,enabling a high kinetic rate(0.3662 min^(-1)).Reactive oxygen species trapping experiments revealed that superoxide radicals(O_(2)^(·-))and holes(h^(+))were the major active *** paramagnetic resonance(EPR)further confirmed the presence of O_(2)^(·-),·OH,^(1)O_(2) and *** pH,light intensity and initial CBZ concentration were found to have significant impacts on the removal efficiency of *** reaction intermediates were identified and the degradation pathway was *** MPs were selected to further demonstrate photocatalytic efficiency of g-C_(3)N_(4).The facile synthesis,superior efficiency,and versatility of g-C_(3)N_(4) make it a promising catalyst for application in tertiary wastewater treatment processes.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) Photocatalysis Micropollutants Reactive oxygen species(ROS) Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)

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Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China?——A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 70-79页

作者： Jianfa Gao Jake O'Brien foon Yin Lai Alexander L.N.van Nuijs Jun He jochen f.mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K.Thai faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of Queensland Toxicological Center University of Antwerp

Analysing wastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomes many limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. first conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis（WWA） a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by law enforcement agencies as a device to monitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, the methodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health（e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups） and pollutants that people are exposed to（e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides）. The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining（SCIM） with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China.

关键词： Drug consumption Wastewater analysis Biomarkers Population health

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Temporal trends of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PfAS)in the influent of two of the largest wastewater treatment plants in Australia

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 211-218页

作者： Hue T.Nguyen Sarit L.Kaserzon Phong K.Thai Soumini Vijayasarathy Jennifer Bräunig Nicholas D.Crosbie Anders Bignert jochen f.mueller Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences(QAEHS) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4102Australia Melbourne Water Corporation DocklandsVIC3001Australia Swedish Museum of Natural History Box 5000710405StockholmSweden faculty of Environment University of ScienceVietnam National UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet nam

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PfAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer *** Australia,limited spatial data are available on PfAS levels inWWTPs influent,while no temporal data have been *** aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and temporal trend of PfAS in the influent of two large WWTPs in Australia(WWTP A and B)over a four-year *** influent samples were collected over one week at different seasons from 2014 to *** perfluoroalkyl acids(PfAA)(*** perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PfCAs)and four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PfSA))were detected with mean S11PfAA concentrations of 57±3.3e94±17 ng/L at WWTP A,and 31±6.1e142±73 ng/L at WWTP *** highest mean concentrations were observed for perfluorohexanoate(PfHxA)(20±2 ng/L)in WWTP A,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PfOS)(17±13 ng/L)in WWTP *** precursor 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate was detected over five sampling periods from Aug 2016 to Oct 2017,with mean concentrations of 37±18e138±51 ng/L for WWTP A and 8.8±4.5e29±5.1 ng/L for WWTP *** concentration of 6:2 fTS(1.8e11 folds)than those of PfOA and PfOS in WWTP A indicate a likely substitution of C8 PfAA by fluorotelomer-based PfAS in this *** trends(annual and seasonal)in per-capita mass load were observed for some PfAA,increasing for PfPeA,PfHxA,PfHpA,PfNA,and PfHxS,while decreasing for PfBS and PfOS in either ***,elevated levels of PfOS in October 2017 were observed at both WWTPs with the highest per capita mass load of up to 67 mg/day/*** some PfAS release trends,longer sampling periods would be required to achieve acceptable statistical power.

关键词： Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PfAS) 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 fTS) Temporal trends Wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) Influent Power Effect size

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Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars:Utilisation of car air filters as active samplers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 142-150页

作者： Long KTran Chang He Dam Hoang Phuc Leisa-Maree LToms Xianyu Wang Meng Xiu jochen fmueller Adrian Covaci Lidia Morawska Phong KThai QAEHS Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Hanoi University of Science and Technology HanoiViet Nam School of Public Health and Social Work Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQLDAustralia Toxicological Center Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1AntwerpBelgium

filters in residential and office air conditioning(A/C)systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different ***,cabin air filters(CAfs)in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this *** this study,we collected22 used CAfs from passenger cars in Hanoi,Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and 10 organophosphate esters(OPEs).All the analytes were detected in more than 50%of samples with the exception of BDE153 and *** average concentrations of∑10OPEs and∑8 BDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g,respectively with Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups,*** are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals.

关键词： flame retardants Vehicle cabin Air quality Human exposure PBDEs OPEs

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Yield Improvement and Advanced Defect Control——Driving forces for Modeling of Bulk Crystal Growth

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第z1期24卷 200-207页

作者： Georg mueller jochen friedrich Crystal Growth Laboratory University Erlangen-Nürnberg (WW6) and Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Systems and Device Technology (IISB) Martensstrasse 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany Crystal Growth Laboratory University Erlangen-Nürnberg (WW6) and Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Systems and Device Technology (IISB) Martensstrasse 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany

Yield improvement and advanced defect control can be identified as the driving forces for modeling of industrial bulk crystal growth. Yield improvement is mainly achieved by upscaling of the whole crystal growth apparatus and increased processing windows with more tolerances for parameter variations. Advanced defect control means on one hand a reduction of the number of deficient crystal defects and on the other hand the formation of beneficial crystal defects with a uniform distribution and well defined concentrations in the whole crystal. This "defect engineering" relates to the whole crystal growth process as well as the following cooling and optional annealing processes, respectively. These topics were illustrated in the paper by examples of modeling and experimental results of bulk growth of silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP) and calcium fluoride (Caf2). These examples also involve the state of the art of modeling of the most important melt growth techniques, crystal pulling (Czochralski methods) and vertical gradient freeze (Bridgman-type methods).

关键词： yield improvement advanced defect control crystal growth

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