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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第4期6卷 21-30页

作者： Al-Amin B.Bugaje jochen l.cremer Mingyang Sun Goran Strbac Department of Electrical&Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy TU DelftMekelweg 52628 CD DelftNetherlands Department of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Power systems transport an increasing amount of electricity,and in the future,involve more distributed renewables and dynamic interactions of the equipment.The system response to disturbances must be secure and predictable to avoid power blackouts.The system response can be simulated in the time domain.However,this dynamic security assessment(DSA)is not computationally tractable in real-time.Particularly promising is to train decision trees(DTs)from machine learning as interpretable classifiers to predict whether the systemwide responses to disturbances are secure.In most research,selecting the best DT model focuses on predictive accuracy.However,it is insufficient to focus solely on predictive accuracy.Missed alarms and false alarms have drastically different costs,and as security assessment is a critical task,interpretability is crucial for operators.In this work,the multiple objectives of interpretability,varying costs,and accuracies are considered for DT model selection.We propose a rigorous workflow to select the best classifier.In addition,we present two graphical approaches for visual inspection to illustrate the selection sensitivity to probability and impacts of disturbances.We propose cost curves to inspect selection combining all three objectives for the first time.Case studies on the IEEE 68 bus system and the French system show that the proposed approach allows for better DT-selections,with an 80%increase in interpretability,5%reduction in expected operating cost,while making almost zero accuracy compromises.The proposed approach scales well with larger systems and can be used for models beyond DTs.Hence,this work provides insights into criteria for model selection in a promising application for methods from artificial intelligence(AI).

关键词： Dynamic security assessment Machine learning Decision trees ROC curve Cost curves Cost sensitivity

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AlS-linked C9orf72 dipeptide repeats inhibit starvation-induced autophagy through modulating BCl2–BECN1 interaction

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2026-2038页

作者： Shiqiang Xu Qilian Ma Junwen Shen Ningning li Shan Sun Nana Wang Yang Chen Chunsheng Dong Kin Yip Tam jochen H.M.Prehn Hongfeng Wang Zheng Ying Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China MOE Key laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Dept.of Physiology&Medical Physics and FUTURE-NEURO Research Centre Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77Ireland Faculty of Health Sciences University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Insititutes of Biology and Medical Science Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Growing evidences indicate that dysfunction of autophagy contributes to the disease pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD),two neurodegenerative disorders.The GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat RNA expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is the most genetic cause of both AlS and FTD.According to the previous studies,GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat undergoes the unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG translation,which produces dipeptide repeat(DPR)proteins.Although there is a growing understanding that C9orf72 DPRs have a strong ability to harm neurons and induce C9orf72-linked AlS/FTD,whether these DPRs can affect autophagy remains unclear.In the present study,we find that poly-GR and poly-PR,two arginine-containing DPRs which display the most cytotoxic properties according to the previous studies,strongly inhibit starvation-induced autophagy.Moreover,our data indicate that arginine-rich DPRs enhance the interaction between BCl2 and BECN1/Beclin 1 by inhibiting BCl2 phosphorylation,therefore they can impair autophagic clearance of neurodegenerative disease-associated protein aggregates under starvation condition in cells.Importantly,our study not only highlights the role of C9orf72 DPR in autophagy dysfunction,but also provides novel insight that pharmacological intervention of autophagy using SW063058,a small molecule compound that can disrupt the interaction between BECN1 and BCl2,may reduce C9orf72 DPR-induced neurotoxicity.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Frontotemporal dementia C9orf72 Autophagy BCl2 BECN1/Beclin 1 Dipeptide repeat Neurodegeneration

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Immune responses to tumor-unrelated antigens might predict adverse effects in patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 313-315页

作者： Bjorn Nuise Tim Holland jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat(FAU)Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany.2Medical Immunology Campus ErlangenFAU Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany

The advent of checkpoint inhibition targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)or its ligand(PD-l1)revolutionized cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the treatment of different malignancies.However,not all immune cell subsets that express PD-1 also target tumor cells.Utilizing the immune response of the germinal center reaction to seasonal influenza vaccination as a readout,Herati et al.introduced vaccination as an analytical tool to predict adverse effects beyond anticancer responses[1]

关键词： immunotherapy al. vaccination

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer lutz A.Eichacker linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli luca Gelisio lars Gumprecht laura H.Gunn Janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyadu Olena Kulyk Ruslan Kurta Markus Kuster Wolfgang lugmayr Jannik lübke Adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza Carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas Max Rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber lena Worbs Paul lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants jochen Küpper Michael Meyer Filipe R.N.C.Maia laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEl Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ElI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired many.It was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron lasers.According to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably explodes.This was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant mimivirus.Since then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be imaged.The ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of macromolecules.Here we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEl which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single proteins.From the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the protein.Our experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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A machine-learned interatomic potential for silica and its relation to empirical models

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 822-833页

作者： linus C.Erhard jochen Rohrer Karsten Albe Volker l.Deringer Institute of Materials Science Technische Universität DarmstadtOtto-Berndt-Strasse 364287DarmstadtGermany Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX13QRUK

Silica(SiO_(2))is an abundant material with a wide range of applications.Despite much progress,the atomistic modelling of the different forms of silica has remained a challenge.Here we show that by combining density-functional theory at the SCAN functional level with machine-learning-based interatomic potential fitting,a range of condensed phases of silica can be accurately described.We present a Gaussian approximation potential model that achieves high accuracy for the thermodynamic properties of the crystalline phases,and we compare its performance(and performance–cost trade-off)with that of multiple empirically fitted interatomic potentials for silica.We also include amorphous phases,assessing the ability of the potentials to describe structures of melt-quenched glassy silica,their energetic stability,and the high-pressure structural transition to a mainly sixfold-coordinated phase.We suggest that rather than standing on their own,machine-learned potentials for silica may be used in conjunction with suitable empirical models,each having a distinct role and complementing the other,by combining the advantages of the long simulation times afforded by empirical potentials and the near-quantum-mechanical accuracy of machine-learned potentials.This way,our work is expected to advance atomistic simulations of this key material and to benefit further computational studies in the field.

关键词： potential empirical relation

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Filtering for SNPs with high selective constraint augments mid-parent heterosis predictions in wheat(Triticum aestivum l.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 166-176页

作者： Abhishek Gogna Jie Zhang Yong Jiang Albert W.Schulthess Yusheng Zhao jochen C.Reif leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) 06466 Stadt SeelandGermany

To extend the contemporary understanding into the grain yield heterosis of wheat, the current study investigated the contribution of deleterious alleles in shaping mid-parent heterosis(MPH). These alleles occur at low frequency in the genome and are often missed by automated genotyping platforms like SNP arrays. The deleterious alleles herein were detected using a quantitative measurement of evolutionary conservation based on the phylogeny of wheat and investigations were made to:(1) assess the benefit of including deleterious alleles into MPH prediction models and(2) understand the genetic underpinnings of deleterious SNPs for grain yield MPH using contrasting crosses viz. elite × elite(Exp. 1) and elite × plant genetic resources(PGR;Exp. 2). In our study, we found a lower allele frequency of moderately deleterious alleles in elites compared to PGRs. This highlights the role of purifying selection for the development of elite wheat cultivars. It was shown that deleterious alleles are informative for MPH prediction models: modelling their additive-by-additive effects in Exp. 1 and dominance as well as associated digenic epistatic effects in Exp. 2 significantly boosts prediction accuracies of MPH. Furthermore,heterotic-quantitative trait loci's underlying MPH was investigated and their properties were contrasted in the two crosses. Conclusively, it was proposed that incomplete dominance of deleterious alleles contributes to grain yield heterosis in elite crosses(Exp. 1).

关键词： Hybrid wheat Genomic evolutionary rate profiling Deleterious SNP Heterotic Quantitative trait loci

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Effects of chronic decaffeinated green tea extract supplementation on lipolysis and substrate utilization during upper body exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 237-242页

作者： Sofie Blicher Eric Bartholomae jochen Kressler Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92113USA

Background:Decaffeinated green tea extract(dGTE)can increase fat oxidation during leg exercise,but dGTE is unsuitable for many people(e.g.,those with injuries/disabilities),and its effects on arm exercise and women are unknown.Methods:Eight adults(23-37 years old,4 women)performed an incremental arm cycle test to measure peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2_(peak))),followed by four 1-h trials at 50%VO_(2_(peak).Subjects were randomly assigned to 650 mg of dGTE or placebo(PlA)for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout and crossover trial.Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and post-exercise for glycerol and free fatty acid analysis.Respiratory gases were collected continuously.Results:VO_(2) showed no differences across trials((0.83-0.89)±(0.19-0.25)l/min,p=0.460),neither did energy expenditure((264-266)±(59-77)kcal,p=0.420)nor fat oxidation(dGTE=0.11 to 0.12 g/min vs.PlA=0.10 to 0.09 g/min,p=0.220).Fat oxidation as percentage of energy expenditure was not different for dGTE vs.PlA(23%±12%to 25%±11%vs.23%±10%to 21%±9%,p=0.532).Glycerol concentration increased post-exercise in all trials,independent of treatments(pre=(3.4-5.1)±(0.6-2.6)mg/dl vs.post=(7.9-9.8)±(2.6-3.7)mg/dl,p=0.867,η^(2)=0.005 for interaction),as did free fatty acid((3.5-4.8)±(1.4-2.2)mg/dl vs.(7.2-9.1)±(2.6-4.5)mg/dl,p=0.981,η^(2)=0.000).Conclusion:Chronic dGTE supplementation had no effect on lipolysis and fat oxidation during arm cycle exercise in men and women.

关键词： Arm exercise Cardiometabolic disease Fat oxidation Nutraceutical

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Day length constrains the time budget of aphid predators

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 164-170页

作者： Jens Joschinski Tim Kiess jochen Krauss Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology BiocentreUniversity of WEirzburgWEtrzburgGermany

Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature correlations.Depending on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. We assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer),both of which prey on aphids.larvae ofE.balteatus are night-active,whereas those of C.carnea appear to be crepuscular.We subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 :8 l :D and,to circumvent diapause responses,20 :4 l :D.We recorded development times and predation rates of both species. E.balteatus grew 13%faster in the 16 :8 l :D treatment and preyed on significantly more aphids.In contrast,C.carnea grew 13% faster in the 20 :4 l :D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 :4 l :D were marginally significant.Our results show that day length affects development and predation,but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency ofbiocontrol agents in a changing climate.

关键词： Chiysoperla carnea climate change Episyrphus balteatus insect timing phenology photoperiod

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Heart Rate Variability from Underwater Spiroergometry:How Meaningful?

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 116-122页

作者： Andreas Koch Fabian Möller Elena Jacobi Thomas Muth Clark Pepper Uwe Hoffmann jochen D.Schipke German Naval Medical Institute Maritime MedicineKronshagenGermany Department of Exercise Physiology Institute of Exercise Training and Sport InformaticsGerman Sport University CologneCologneGermany Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental MedicineHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology Johanna Etienne HospitalNeussGermany Forschungsgruppe Experimentelle Chirurgie Universitäts-Klinikum DüsseldorfMoorenstrasse 540225 DüsseldorfGermany

Cardiovascular fitness of divers is overwhelmingly performed using bicycle ergometry.A more sport-specific alternative presents fit2dive,an underwater spiroergometry system.Purpose of this exploratory study:using fit2dive to investigate the diagnostic value of measures of heart rate variability(HRV)after markedly increasing physical load.Ten scuba divers employed the fit2dive system and increased fin-swimming speed until exhaustion.Breathing gas consumption(VE)and heart rate(HR)were measured.A three-lead ECG was recorded to analyze for time and frequency domain HRV-measures.VE increased from 16.5±6.5 to 68.3±26.6 l/min.HR increased from 96±13 beats/min(mean±SD)at rest to 170±14 beats/min before exhaustion.Global variability(SDNN:132±42 vs.54±17 ms)decreased along with two measures of parasympathetic activity(RMSSD:59±31 vs.24±16 ms;pNN50:22%±12%vs.3%±3%).Measures from the frequency domain decreased[low frequency(lF):3167±2651 vs.778±705 ms_(2)]or remained unaltered[high frequency(HF):885±652 vs.431±463 ms^(2)].Thus,lF/HF decreased from 4.3±2.3 to 2.5±1.4.The sports-specific fit2dive can help assessing diving fitness by employing HRV measures.However,this study supports the view that these measures much depend on HR.Thus,HRV measures regarding altered autonomic control during exercise will lead to serious misinterpretation:as HR increases,variability decreases.

关键词： Scuba diving Physical fitness Heart rate Heart rate variability Autonomic nervous system

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Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China?——A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 70-79页

作者： Jianfa Gao Jake O'Brien Foon Yin lai Alexander l.N.van Nuijs Jun He jochen F.Mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K.Thai Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of Queensland Toxicological Center University of Antwerp

Analysing wastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomes many limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis（WWA） a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by law enforcement agencies as a device to monitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, the methodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health（e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups） and pollutants that people are exposed to（e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides）. The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining（SCIM） with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China.

关键词： Drug consumption Wastewater analysis Biomarkers Population health

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