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Natural nest substrates influence squamate embryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 550-566页

作者： Joshua M.HALL jocelyn miracle Cindy D.SCRUGGS Daniel A.WARNER Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Vertebrate embryos require access to water;however,many species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably in moisture ***,non-avian reptiles have served as models to understand how environmental factors,like moisture availability,influence development because eggs are often exposed to prevailing environments in the absence of parental *** much research demonstrates the importance of water absorption by eggs,many ecological factors that influence moisture availability in natural nests have received little *** example,the type of substrate in which nests are constructed is *** experimentally incubated eggs of the brown anole lizard(Anolis sagrei)in 2 naturally occurring nest substrates that were treated with varying amounts of water to determine how natural substrates influence development at different moisture *** substrate consisted of sand and crushed seashells and the other was mostly organic material(*** plant material).Both are common nesting substrates at our field *** controlling for water uptake by eggs,we found that egg survival and hatchling phenotypes were similar between substrates;however,embryos developed more quickly in the sand/shell substrate than the organic substrate,indicating substrate-specific effects on embryo *** results demonstrate that different natural substrates can result in similar developmental outcomes if the water available to eggs is comparable;however,some aspects of development,like developmental rate,are affected by the type of substrate,independent of water *** study is required to determine how natural substrates influence embryo physiology independent of water content.

关键词： developmental plasticity egg incubation hydric conditions nesting behavior nest-site selection

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Microplastic pollution:An emerging contaminant in aquaculture

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第6期8卷 603-616页

作者： Stanley Iheanacho miracle Ogbu Md Simul Bhuyan Johnny Ogunji Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu Alike Ebonyi StateAbakalikiP.M.B.1010Nigeri Department of Biology Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu Alike Ebonyi StateAbakalikiP.M.B.1010Nigeria Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute Cox’s Bazar4730Bangladesh

Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many ***,just like every other food sector,is faced with enormous challenges such as unfavorable climatic events,environmental stressors and ***(MP)are emerging contaminants in aquaculture following their perturbing occurrence in cultured fish,fishmeal and *** MPs pathways into aquaculture facilities include wastewater,pipe-borne water,dilapidated aquaculture facilities,fish gears,and aquafeed stuff(fishmeal).Techniques for the digestion,identification and characterization of MPs are critical to understanding their pathways,bioavailability and bioaccumulation patterns in aquaculture *** impacts of MPs on cultured fish species are identified as impaired growth,oxidative stress,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,immunotoxicity,embryotoxicity,and *** of MPs in tissues and biological systems have been evidenced in several cultured *** efforts cum strategies such as upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities,screening of inlet pond water,screening of aquafeed stuff,regular maintenance and repair of culture facilities,could be effective to eradicate MP contamination in ***,regulatory policy on the use of plastics is key to mitigating the impact of MPs and ensure cleaner and sustainable aquaculture.

关键词： Microplastics Aquaculture Sources Impact Mitigation

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Superinsulating BNNS/PVA Composite Aerogels with High Solar Reflectance for Energy-Efficient Buildings

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第3期14卷 292-307页

作者： Jie Yang Kit‑Ying Chan Harun Venkatesan Eunyoung Kim miracle Hope Adegun Jeng‑Hun Lee Xi Shen Jang‐Kyo Kim Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

With the mandate of worldwide carbon neutralization,pursuing comfortable living environment while consuming less energy is an enticing and unavoidable *** composite aerogels with super thermal insulation and high sunlight reflection are developed for energy-efficient buildings.A solvent-assisted freeze-casting strategy is used to produce boron nitride nanosheet/polyvinyl alcohol(BNNS/PVA)composite aerogels with a tailored alignment channel *** effects of acetone and BNNS fillers on microstructures and multifunctional properties of aerogels are *** acetone in the PVA suspension enlarges the cell walls to suppress the shrinkage,giving rise to a lower density and a higher porosity,accompanied with much diminished heat conduction throughout the whole *** addition of BNNS fillers creates whiskers in place of disconnected transverse ligaments between adjacent cell walls,further ameliorating the thermal insulation transverse to the cell wall *** resultant BNNS/PVA aerogel delivers an ultralow thermal conductivity of 23.5 mW m^(−1) K^(−1) in the transverse *** superinsulating aerogel presents both an infrared stealthy capability and a high solar reflectance of 93.8%over the whole sunlight wave-length,far outperforming commercial expanded polystyrene foams with reflective *** anisotropic BNNS/PVA composite aerogel presents great potential for application in energy-saving buildings.

关键词： Boron nitride nanosheets Solvent-assisted freeze-casting Thermally insulating aerogel Solar reflectance Energy-saving buildings

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Expression of an endoglucanase from Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1 ） in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： Derek Shirley Cris Oppert Todd B. Reynolds Bethany miracle Brenda Oppert William E. Klingeman Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan KS 66502 Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. The cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation （saccharification） and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. While S. cerevisiae is an established heterologous expression system, there are no available data on the functional expression of insect cellulolytic enzymes for this species. To address this knowledge gap, S. cerevisiae was transformed to express the full-length cDNA encoding an endoglucanase from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1）, and evaluated the activity of the transgenic product （rTcEG 1）. Expression of the TcEG1 cDNA in S. cerevisiae was under control of the strong glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultured transformed yeast secreted rTcEG1 protein as a functional β-1,4-endoglucanase, which allowed transformants to survive on selective media containing cellulose as the only available carbon source. Evaluation of substrate specificity for secreted rTcEG1 demonstrated endoglucanase activity, although some activity was also detected against complex cellulose substrates. Potentially relevant to uses in biofuel production rTcEG1 activity increased with pH conditions, with the highest activity detected at pH 12. Our results demonstrate the potential for functional production of an insect cellulase in S. cerevisiae and confirm the stability of rTcEG1 activity in strong alkaline environments.

关键词： biofuels insect cellulase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tribolium castaneum yeast

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Post-mortem Interval of Buried Carcasses in a Tropical Rainforest Vegetation of Nigeria

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 84-91页

作者： Darlington Nnamdi Onyejike Ugochukwu Godfrey Esomonu Victor Adolf Fischer Ifeoma miracle Onyejike Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNnewiAnambra StateNigeria Department of Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCross River University of TechnologyOkuku CampusOkukuCross River StateNigeria Department of Anatomical Sciences Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabarCross River StateNigeria

Background: Most of the murder victims in Nigeria are concealed in shallow graves or clandestine paths or bushes. Knowledge of post-mortem interval (PMI) of buried carcasses is useful in estimating time since death for buried homicide scenarios. The PMI of buried remains is different from that of remains on the soil surface. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed at investigating the PMI of buried remains in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria using matured domestic pigs as human analogs. Materials and Methods: Four animals were used for this study. Animals were sacrificed and buried in one-foot-depth graves. A flat wood was placed on top of the animals before it was covered with sand so that the visible changes can be monitored during the study period. The study was carried out during the rainy and dry seasons. Soil analysis was carried out to ensure that there was no chemical substance inhibiting decomposition. Results: Animals did not completely skeletonize within the study period (168 days). However, four stages of decomposition were identified within the study period - Fresh, bloat, active decay, and advanced decay stages. Conclusions: The PMI was influenced by fungi activities and rain infusion. On the last day of the study, the decomposition was at the advanced decay stage and only few bones of the head, neck, trunk, and limbs were visible with greyish discoloration of the skin and other visceral structures. The visible post-mortem changes of the buried carrions noted in this study may be used to estimate the time of death of buried humans in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria.

关键词： Buried remains concealed homicide post-mortem interval shallow burial

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Design of refractory multi-principal-element alloys for high-temperature applications

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 884-893页

作者： Gaoyuan Ouyang Prashant Singh Ranran Su Duane D.Johnson Matthew J.Kramer John H.Perepezko Oleg N.Senkov Daniel miracle Jun Cui Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames LaboratoryAmesIA 50011USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH 45433USA

Refractory multi-principal-element alloys(RMPEAs)exhibit high specific strength at elevated temperatures(T).However,current RMPEAs lack a balance of room-temperature(RT)ductility,high-T strength,and high-T creep *** density-functional theory methods,we scanned composition space using four criteria:(1)formation energies for operational stability:-150250 GPa;(3)inverse Pugh ratio for ductility:G/B2500°*** rapid bulk alloy synthesis and characterization,we validated theory and down-selected promising alloy compositions and discovered Mo72.3W12.8Ta10.0Ti2.5Zr2.5 having well-balanced RT and high-T mechanical *** alloy has comparable high-T compressive strength to well-known MoNbTaW but is more ductile and more creep *** is also superior to a commercial Mo-based refractory alloy and a nickel-based superalloy(Haynes-282)with improved high-T tensile strength and creep resistance.

关键词： creep alloy alloys

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Translation of Well-being Assessment Instruments in African Contexts: A Mapping Review and Future Directions

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Journal of Psychological Research 2023年第4期5卷 15-35页

作者： JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji Oluchi miracle Osondu Department of Psychology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria Center for Translation and Implementation Research(CTAIR) Enugu400001Nigeria C.S.Mott Department of Public Health College of Human MedicineFlintMichigan48502USA

A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific *** aim of this paper is to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local *** databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African *** researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies.A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion *** showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and *** the published translations were increasingly widespread,the distribution of available studies was uneven,with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South *** authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations;increasing funding and other resources for translation projects;developing cross-national collaborations on translations;and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.

关键词： Adaptation Africa Quality of life Psychometrics Translation Well-being

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尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院学生汉语学习行为研究

尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院学生汉语学习行为研究

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作者： NGOBILI miracle EMEKA（郭奇）厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

这几年伴随中国对外开放力度的不断扩大、国民经济的飞速增长以及国际地位的不断上升,出现全球汉语学习的人数日益增多。汉语的普及不断加速,对汉语言的研究在东西方都引起了广泛的关注。随着将汉语作为第二语言进行学习和使用的人迅速... 详细信息

这几年伴随中国对外开放力度的不断扩大、国民经济的飞速增长以及国际地位的不断上升,出现全球汉语学习的人数日益增多。汉语的普及不断加速,对汉语言的研究在东西方都引起了广泛的关注。随着将汉语作为第二语言进行学习和使用的人迅速增加,对汉语学习者学习行为的研究显得非常有必要。尼日利亚纳姆德·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院的汉语教育在整个非洲及世界其他地区都享有盛誉,这对于普及汉语及汉文化有很大帮助。由于非洲人民对汉语相对陌生和众多历史原因,非洲学生学习汉语困难重重。因此,研究学生在汉语学习中的学习行为至关重要,只有这样才能通过更好的教学实践,让非洲学生的汉语学习更容易。本文将汉语学生的学习行为视为影响汉语学习效果的重要决定因素,调查尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院汉语学生的学习行为,并对其表现出的学习行为进行分析研究。在获取调研数据时,采用定量和定性相结合,以问卷和访谈的方式,对尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院的汉语学生的学习行为进行了解,然后进一步参考学习行为影响因素相关的某些参考文献进行相关分析研究从课堂坚持、课外行为、阅读能力激励、阅读课堂学习态度、个人学习和实践、考试和准备考试等五个方面设计问卷。通过调查数据和研究结论选择有代表性的题目加以研究,显示学生遇到困难会容易放弃也不愿接受新任务。他们也无法继续练习日常使用汉语而且不会个人努力客服困难,他们会体验自学困难、分散注意力、课堂烦躁不安、课堂合作困难、集中程度比较少。在第三章本文将通过一些作家学习语言和中文包括第二语言的理论来分析访谈分析的具体情况。本文根据问卷调查和访谈分析来建议一些养成良好学习行为的策略例如;激励学生学习动机,采用正确学习策略;教师积极引导,活化教学内容,利用良好教学手段让学生踊跃发言和积极与他人合作等等因为这些是能提高学习效率。

关键词：孔子学院汉语学习者阅读技巧学习行为

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Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic response in China,Italy,and the U.S.:a guide for Africa and low-and middle-income countries

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa miracle Ayomikun Adesina Marlene Davis Ekpo Seyi John Akinloye Temiloluwa Ololade Iyanda Pamela Nwachukwu Lalit Dzifa Kodzo Faculty of Public Health College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy IbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria Department of Public Health School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Oral Pathology Dental ClinicUniversity College HospitalIbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria

Africa can be"left behind"after other advanced continents recover from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as reflected by the global pandemic of HIV/*** this paper,we summarize potentially adaptable,effective and innovative strategies from China,Italy,and the *** purpose is to help African countries with weaker healthcare systems better respond to the COVID-19 ***,being the first to report COVID-19 infection swiftly swung into anti-epidemic actions by the use of innovative risk communication and epidemic containment *** and U.S.,the next rapidly hit countries after China,however,experienced sustained infections and deaths due to delayed and ineffective *** African countries responded poorly to the COVID-19 pandemic as evidenced by the limited capacity for public health surveillance,poor leadership,low education and socioeconomic status,among *** from China,Italy and *** that a better response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mrica needs a strong public health leadership,proactive strategies,innovative risk communication about the pandemic,massive tests and isolation,and scaling-up community ***,African countries must collaborate with other countries to facilitate real-time information and experience exchange with other countries to avoid being left behind.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Africa Low-and middle-income countries(LMICs) Pandemic response China U.S.

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A Review of Performance Appraisals of Nigerian Federal Government-Owned Refineries

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Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第1期4卷 47-52页

作者： Ismaila Badmus miracle Olanrewaju Oyewola Richard Olayiwola Fagbenle 不详

The aim of this paper is to review previous works on the performance appraisal of Nigerian government-owned refineries. The review has been done in a general sense, covering appraisal works by engineers, scientists, management experts, economists, sociologists and even historians. The outcome indicates that while there seems to be several works directly and/or indirectly assessing the performance of the refineries in a general sense, there is a dearth of such in the specific area of energy consumption. There also appears to be no single one appraising energy utilisation of all the refineries at the same time in the open literature. This is in spite of the fact that refining processes are energy intensive. Despite popularisation of exergy analysis as a veritable tool, the only energy utilisation appraisal within our reach which was carried out on just one of the refineries has not been done exergetically. However, the work still reveals, within the limitations of 1st Law energy analysis that the energy consumption patterns are below international benchmarks in the oil and gas industry. Some suggestions have also been offered to take care of the energy efficiency challenges in these refineries. These include plant to plant analyses of energy utilisation patterns in the four refineries, periodical determination of GHG emission levels in the refineries using current international best practices as benchmarks, use of exergy analysis to check avoidable energy wastage in the refining processes, shifting refinery fuelling pattern in favour of low carbon content fuels like natural gas and ensuring regular turnaround maintenance of the system.

关键词： Nigerian Refineries Energy Efficiency Exergy Analysis Review Performance Appraisal

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