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Reflection on the Challenges,Accomplishments,and New Frontiers of Gene Drives

BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 177-192页

作者： Michael Melesse Vergara Jesse Labbé joanna tannous Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Invaio Sciences CambridgeMA 02138USA

Ongoing pest and disease outbreaks pose a serious threat to human, crop, and animal lives, emphasizing the need for constantgenetic discoveries that could serve as mitigation strategies. Gene drives are genetic engineering approaches discovered decadesago that may allow quick, super-Mendelian dissemination of genetic modifications in wild populations, offering hopes formedicine, agriculture, and ecology in combating diseases. Following its first discovery, several naturally occurring selfishgenetic elements were identified and several gene drive mechanisms that could attain relatively high threshold populationreplacement have been proposed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in gene drive researchwith a particular emphasis on CRISPR-Cas gene drives, the technology that has revolutionized the process of genomeengineering. Herein, we discuss the benefits and caveats of this technology and place it within the context of natural genedrives discovered to date and various synthetic drives engineered. Later, we elaborate on the strategies for designing syntheticdrive systems to address resistance issues and prevent them from altering the entire wild populations. Lastly, we highlight themajor applications of synthetic CRISPR-based gene drives in different living organisms, including plants, animals, andmicroorganisms.

关键词： offering benefits advances

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A Comparative Study on Antiradical and Antimicrobial Properties of Red Grapes Extracts Obtained from Different <i>Vitis vinifera</i>Varieties

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1420-1432页

作者： Nada El Darra joanna tannous Paulette Bou Mouncef James Palge Joseph Yaghi Eugène Vorobiev Nicolas Louka Richard G. Maroun Chateau KSARA S.A.L Ksara Békaa Valley Lebanon. Unité de Biochimie and Centre d’Analyse et de Recherche Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth 1107 2050 Beirut Lebanon Université de Technologie de Compiègne Département de Génie chimique Unité Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Centre de Recherche de Royallieu B.P. 20529-60205 Compiègne Cedex France

The present work is devoted to the study of antiradical and antimicrobial activities of phenolic compounds extracted from different grapevine varieties grown in the Bekaa plane-Lebanon. The amount of phenolic compounds in selected grape extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Phenolic composition was specified by high performance liquid chromatography. Free radical scavenging activity was examined by using the (2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl) DPPH assay. The potential antimicrobial activity was studied using a new quantitative method developed during this work. This activity was tested against several microbial pathogens, including a Gram-positive strain (Listeria monocytogenes), two Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Salmonella arizonae) and a fungal strain (Candida albicans). According to the results of the present screening study, a great variability in the composition of phenolic com-pounds in red grape extracts was detected. All phenolic compounds extracts, demonstrated important scavenging properties and antimicrobial effect against bacterial and fungal strains. Yet, a different response degree was noticed depending on the tested microorganism and the phenolic composition of grape extracts. Antimicrobial activity was more effective against Gram-positive than Gram-negative and yeast strains. Furthermore, our results highlighted a significant role of synergistic effect between various phenolic compounds in the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds DPPH HPLC-DAD Antimicrobial Antiradical Grapevines and Synergistic Effect

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