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Importance of emulsions in crystallization --applications for fat crystallization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 43-48页

作者： Sandra PETERSEN K. CHALEEPA joachim ulrich Center for Engineering Science Thermal Process Engineering Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

Emulsions and crystallization are two independent research topics which normally do not overlap although a combination of the two could be applicable to many areas. Here, the importance of emulsions in the field of fat crystallization is described. Three applications with industrial relevance were chosen for investigation： fat fractionation, the solidification of phase change materials and solid lipid nanoparticles. For fat fractionation and phase change materials, emulsification can be applied as a tool to improve the fat crystallization process, and thus the product quality of the crystallized fat. Furthermore, the use of emulsification creates new solid lipid nanoparticles in the application fields such as area of fat crystallization.

关键词： emulsion fat crystallization phase change material emulsion ffactionation emulsion solidification

The feasibility of coating by cooling crystallization on ibuprofen naked tablets

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 211-219页

作者： Fatima Mameri Ouahiba Koutchoukali Mohamed Bouhelassa Anne Hartwig Leila Nemdili joachim ulrich University Constantine 3 Engineering Faculty of Pharmaceutical Processes 25000 Constantine Algeria Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Center of Engineering Science Thermal Process Engineering D-06099 Halle Germany

Sugar spray coating is a frequently used process in the pharmaceutical industry. However, this process presents the disadvantage to form an amorphous coating around the active ingredient. A crystalline coating formed on the surface of a tablet is highly desirable. Recently, a new process of coating by cooling crystallization has been developed and applied on bisacodyl pastilles obtained by melt crystallization. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of coating by cooling crystallization on ibuprofen ＂naked tablets＂ manufactured by compression. In the first part of this work, the solubility and the metastable zone width have been determined experimentally for the coating solution because they are essential factors for any crystallization process. In the second part, the coating process is investigated on the operating conditions that affect the surface morphology and the crystal growth rate. These experimental conditions include concentration of the coating solution, degree of sub-cooling, agitation speed, retention time, and surface properties of the naked ibuprofen tablets. The results show that naked tablet coating by cooling crystallization is feasible and can be applied in the pharmaceutical industry.

关键词： coating solution crystallization ibuprofen tablets sucrose

Formation of crystalline particles from phase change emulsion： Influence of different parameters

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第7期24卷 929-936页

作者： Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Murid Hussain Rizwan Sheikh Khaliq Majeed Asad Ullah Khan joachim ulrich COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Defence Road Off Raiwind Road Lahore Pakistan Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Zentrum fur Ingenieurwissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik/TVT D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

Solidification or crystallization of phase change emulsion in the form of fine emulsion drops in a direct contact coolant at temperatures below their freezing point was studied. This work is mainly focused on the size and shape of the generated partides from phase change emulsified fats. Size of the particles is the major or key factor being considered during their formation, however, other factors that govern the particle size and shape were also observed. The operating parameters of the process were optimized in order to obtain particles of smaller size ranges in the window of current operating conditions. The crystallization of complex emulsion maffices is very difficult to control in the bulk at desired requirement. Hence, the emulsion drop to particle formation has advan- tage in comparison with the bulk solidification or crystallization. The main objective of this work is to achieve spherical emulsion particles in a direct contact cooling system. Parameters like： stat）ility, characterization, viscos- ity, and the effect of different energy inputs were examined. Moreover, the effects of the capillary size, interracial tension, temperature of the emulsion on the particle size were also monitrored.

关键词： EmulsionParticle formationSizePhase changeInterracial tension

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分布板气量分布对CFB上升管流动行为的影响研究

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过程工程学报 2004年第Z1期4卷 578-584页

作者：郭庆杰 joachim Werther Ernst-ulrich Hartge 石油大学(华东)化学化工学院重质油国家重点实验室山东东营 257061 Chemical Engineering I Technical University Hamburg-HarburgDenickestr.15D-21071Germany

在高8.5 m大型循环流化床上升管中,使用两种类型的气体分布板,通过双探针电容探头,调查了上升管底部区域和上部稀相区域水平向颗粒浓度和颗粒速度分布.上升管底部,水平方向中心区域颗粒体积浓度较低,颗粒体积浓度在靠近床壁明显增大,最... 详细信息

在高8.5 m大型循环流化床上升管中,使用两种类型的气体分布板,通过双探针电容探头,调查了上升管底部区域和上部稀相区域水平向颗粒浓度和颗粒速度分布.上升管底部,水平方向中心区域颗粒体积浓度较低,颗粒体积浓度在靠近床壁明显增大,最大颗粒体积浓度接近堆积状态下颗粒浓度值.表观气速相同时,高压降分布板颗粒浓度大于低压降气体分布板颗粒浓度.分布板压降对稀相区颗粒体积浓度和颗粒速度曲线没有影响.研究同时发现,分布板压降对稀相区轴向颗粒浓度和颗粒循环量无影响.

关键词：循环流化床颗粒体积浓度固体速度固体循环量

Apoer2/Lrp8:the undercover cop of synaptic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2563-2564页

作者： Gordon C.Werthmann joachim Herz Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasTXUSA Department of Neuroscience Department of Neurology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas DallasTXUSA

Apolipoprotein E receptor 2(ApoER2)is a receptor for the protein ApoE,the most common genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease(AD).It is also a key modulator of syna ptic homeostasis,in part through its effect on the expression of neuronal genes including those implicated in AD and other neuropsychiatric *** this perspective,we highlight several genes affected by ApoER2 and its alternatively spliced forms and how aberrant expression can be rescued by the reintroduction of the ApoER2 intracellular domain in the mouse hippocampus.

关键词： homeostasis ApoE Alzheimer

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Does HSP27 injection induce glaucoma damage in mice?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2347-2348页

作者： Stephanie C.joachim Sabrina Reinehr Experimental Eye Research Institute University Eye HospitalRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany

In a further aging society,excellent eyesight is an integral part of overall well-being and quality of *** good vision is crucial to maintaining mobility,independence,and mental *** can be several reasons for visual impairment in elderly people,these include age-related macular degeneration,the leading cause of vision loss among older adults,cataract,glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy,retinal detachment,and others.

关键词： HSP27 injection damage

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论二氧化硫氧化动力学

硫酸工业 1981年第3期 40-50页

作者： Norbert Neth ,Gerhard Kautz ,Hans-joachim Huster ,ulrich Wagner ,江玉明

近年来根据在正常操作条件时催化剂的活性组份呈熔融状态这一认识,对使用五氧化二钒催化剂的SO2氧化过程,发展了一些新的模型概念。这些模型概念将液相中的反应机理和多孔载体内液相分布,以及已知结论一起关联,于是推导出一个与用工业... 详细信息

近年来根据在正常操作条件时催化剂的活性组份呈熔融状态这一认识,对使用五氧化二钒催化剂的SO2氧化过程,发展了一些新的模型概念。这些模型概念将液相中的反应机理和多孔载体内液相分布,以及已知结论一起关联,于是推导出一个与用工业催化剂进行动力学测定的实验数据十分吻合的速率公式。对同时包含传质和化学反应的相当复的问题进行简化处理,使总的反应速率可用解析法表达。在这速率公式中,可用反映催化剂性质的特定参数来表征不同类型的催化剂。速率公式的系数值和所设想模型预计的数值能很好地吻合。

关键词：效率因子气相催化剂反应速率系数值平均误差测量误差解析式函数关系完全相关负载因子平衡常数组份定义颗粒体积化学反应回归分析多元分析动力学

The whole and its parts: Visualizing Gaussian mixture models

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Visual Informatics 2024年第2期8卷 67-79页

作者： joachim Giesen Philipp Lucas Linda Pfeiffer Laines Schmalwasser Kai Lawonn Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Germany German Aerospace Center DLR-Institute of Data Science Jena Germany

Gaussian mixture models are classical but still popular machine learning *** appealing feature of Gaussian mixture models is their tractability,that is,they can be learned efficiently and exactly from data,and also support efficient exact inference queries like soft clustering data *** seemingly simple,Gaussian mixture models can be hard to *** are at least four aspects to understanding Gaussian mixture models,namely,understanding the whole distribution,its individual parts(mixture components),the relationships between the parts,and the interplay of the whole and its *** a structured literature review of applications of Gaussian mixture models,we found the need for supporting all four *** identify candidate visualizations that effectively aid the user needs,we structure the available design space along three different representations of Gaussian mixture models,namely as functions,sets of parameters,and sampling *** the design space,we implemented three design concepts that visualize the overall distribution together with its ***,we assessed the practical usefulness of the design concepts with respect to the different user needs in expert interviews and an insight-based user study.

关键词： Gaussian mixture models

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi joachim Richter Josephine W.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-<50 years)from four villages in Mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba