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A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1052-1059页

作者： Antonio Merolli Yong Mao Gregory Voronin Joseph A.M.Steele N.Sanjeeva Murthy joachim kohn New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey In Vivo Research Services Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey

Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however,that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells,we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling.In our "suspended wire model", the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses(hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor's consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.

关键词： Schwann cell carbon fiber myelination electrical impulse artificial axon in vitro system Arduino microcontroller myelin basic protein

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Next-generation resorbable polymer scaffolds with surface-precipitated calcium phosphate coatings

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2015年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Jinku Kim Maria Hanshella R.Magno Ophir Ortiz Sean McBride Aniq Darr joachim kohn Jeffrey O.Hollinger Bone Tissue Engineering Center Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15219USA Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering Hongik UniversitySejongKorea 339-701 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and New Jersey Center for Biomaterials RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

Next-generation synthetic bone graft therapies will most likely be composed of resorbable polymers in combination with bioactive components.In this article,we continue our exploration of E1001(1k),a tyrosine-derived polycarbonate,as an orthopedic implant material.Specifically,we use E1001(1k),which is degradable,nontoxic,and osteoconductive,to fabricate porous bone regeneration scaffolds that were enhanced by two different types of calcium phosphate(CP)coatings:in one case,pure dicalcium phosphate dihydrate was precipitated on the scaffold surface and throughout its porous structure(E1001(1k)+CP).In the other case,bone matrix minerals(BMM)such as zinc,manganese and fluoride were co-precipitated within the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate coating(E1001(1k)+BMM).These scaffold compositions were compared against each other and against ChronOS(Synthes USA,West Chester,PA,USA),a clinically used bone graft substitute(BGS),which served as the positive control in our experimental design.This BGS is composed of poly(lactide co-e-caprolactone)and beta-tricalcium phosphate.We used the established rabbit calvaria critical-sized defect model to determine bone regeneration within the defect for each of the three scaffold compositions.New bone formation was determined after 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks by micro-computerized tomography(mCT)and histology.The experimental tyrosine-derived polycarbonate,enhanced with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate,E1001(1k)+CP,supported significant bone formation within the defects and was superior to the same scaffold containing a mix of BMM,E1001(1k)+BMM.The comparison with the commercially available BGS was complicated by the large variability in bone formation observed for the laboratory preparations of E1001(1k)scaffolds.At all time points,there was a trend for E1001(1k)+CP to be superior to the commercial BGS.However,only at the 6-week time point did this trend reach statistical significance.Detailed analysis of the μCT data suggested an increase in bone formation from 2 through 12 weeks in implant sites

关键词： tyrosine-derived polycarbonate dicalcium phosphate dihydrate calcium phosphate rabbit calvarial critical size defect model bone regeneration

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医用生物可吸收性聚合物的发展趋势

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国外医学（生物医学工程分册） 1992年第5期15卷 281-288页

作者： Satish Pulapura joachim kohn 程定超

1引言由于可降解植入物并不需要用外科手术取出植入物,因此它在那些只需作暂时性植入的应用方面特别有用。缝合线、药物传送体系和小骨固定等代表着可降解聚合物的广泛研究应用范围。此外,使用可降解器件能够防止由于永久性植入物的生... 详细信息

1引言由于可降解植入物并不需要用外科手术取出植入物,因此它在那些只需作暂时性植入的应用方面特别有用。缝合线、药物传送体系和小骨固定等代表着可降解聚合物的广泛研究应用范围。此外,使用可降解器件能够防止由于永久性植入物的生物稳定性而产生的长期安全问题。目前,大家一致公认,在许多情况下宁可使用可由天然组织取代的可降解暂时性植入物,而不使用一生中一直留在体内的生物稳定修补物。这一概念导致“相互作用”植入物设想的产生,这种植入物是故意设计让生长中的天然组织侵入的多孔植入物。

关键词：聚合物生物材料

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