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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato joão B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDo） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDo from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDoLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg Co2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Biorefinery Carbon mitigation Climate change Global warming Lignin utilization Bioeconomy

Structural metamaterials with negative mechanical/thermomechanical indices: A review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第6期31卷 801-808页

作者： jo?o o.Cardoso jo?o Paulo Borges Alexandre Velhinho CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Structural metamaterials presenting negative values of one or more mechanical and thermomechanical indices–namely the Poisson's ratio, the linear compressibility, and the coefficient of thermal expansion – are the promising candidates to the applications in many fields, ranging from precision mechanics to biomedical devices or energy absorption. Although scattered mentions may be found in the literature since the late eighties of 20th century, the systematic research efforts concerning these materials became effective much later. The present work is to review the main scientific contributions to the topic in the last five years. This paper first deals with those metamaterials showing a single negative index, and then proceeds to analyze the much less frequent instances of coupled negative indices, with emphasis on the so-called anepectic case, which exhibits an unusual thermomechanical response.

关键词： Mechanical and thermomechanical metamaterials Auxetic Anepectic Negative Poisson's ratio Negative thermal expansion Negative linear compressibility

A Quasilinear System Related with the Asymptotic Equation of the Nematic Liquid Crystal’s Director Field

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2021年第2期42卷 163-172页

作者： joão-Paulo DIAS Departamento de Matemática and CMAFcIo Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeEdificio C61749-016 LisboaPortugal

In this paper, the author studies the local existence of strong solutions and their possible blow-up in time for a quasilinear system describing the interaction of a short wave induced by an electron field with a long wave representing an extension of the motion of the director field in a nematic liquid crystal’s asymptotic model introduced in[Saxton, R. A., Dynamic instability of the liquid crystal director. In: Current Progress in Hyperbolic Systems(Lindquist, W. B., ed.), Contemp. Math., Vol.100, Amer. ***., Providence, RI, 1989, pp.325–330] and [Hunter, J. K. and Saxton, R. A., Dynamics of director fields, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 51, 1991, 1498–1521] and studied in [Hunter, J. *** Zheng, Y., on a nonlinear hyperbolic variational equation I, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.,129, 1995, 305–353], [Hunter, J. K. and Zheng, Y., on a nonlinear hyperbolic variational equation II, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 129, 1995, 355–383] and in [Zhang, P. and Zheng,Y., on oscillation of an asymptotic equation of a nonlinear variational wave equation,Asymptotic Anal., 18, 1998, 307–327] and, more recently, in [Bressan, A., Zhang, P. and Zheng, Y., Asymptotic variational wave equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 183, 2007,163–185].

关键词： Benney system Conservation law Schrödinger equation Nematic liquid crystal Director field

Vertical stratification of bat assemblages in flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 469-478页

作者： Maria joo Ramos PEREIRA joo Tiago MARQUES jorge M.PALMEIRIM Centro de Biologia Ambiental Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau

Tropical rainforests usually have multiple strata that results in a vertical stratification of ecological opportunities foranimals. We investigated if this stratification influences the way bats use the vertical space in flooded and unflooded forests of theCentral Amazon. Using mist-nets set in the canopy (17 to 35 m high) and in the understorey (0 to 3 m high) we sampled four sitesin upland unflooded forests (terra firme), three in forests seasonally flooded by nutrient-rich water (varzea), and three in forestsseasonally flooded by nutrient-poor water (igapo). Using rarefaction curves we found that species richness in the understorey andcanopy were very similar. An ordination analysis clearly separated the bat assemblages of the canopy from those of the understorey inboth flooded and unflooded habitats. Gleaning carnivores were clearly associated with the understorey, whereas frugivores wereabundant in both strata. of the frugivores, Carollinae and some Stenodermatinae were understorey specialists, but several Stenodermatinaemostly used the canopy. The first group mainly includes species that, in general, feed on fruits of understorey shrubs,whereas the second group feed on figs and other canopy fruits. We conclude that vertical stratification in bat communities occurseven within forests with lower canopy heights, such as Amazonian seasonally flooded forests, and that the vertical distribution ofbat species is closely related to their diet and foraging behaviour.

关键词： Amazon Bats Chiroptera Vertical stratification Floodplain

Evolution of forest cover in Portugal: A review of the 12th–20th centuries

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journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 249-256页

作者： Fernando Reboredo joo Pais Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaCICEGeDepartmento de Ciências da Terra

Portugal＇s forests in the 12th century were dominated by the Fagaceae represented by Quercus and Castanea, and several pine species From the 12th century onwards, forests underwent changes in their management starting with protection and ultimately leading to intense exploitation. The massive naval construction during the maritime expansion （mainly in the 15th-16th centuries） involved felling of approximately 5 million trees mainly Quercus suber, Pinus pinea and other Quercus species. Cumulative fuel-wood consumption of 959 Mm3 during 1300-1854 was attributed to demographic expansion while the deforestation rate during 1636-1854 accounted for a minimum of 72.6% and a maximum of 96% of total forest cover. The volume of timber used in railway sleepers from 1856 onwards might have reached 0.5 Mm3. The last quarter of the 20th century increased the forest cover of Portugal through the World Bank program of Eucalyptus globulus reforestation.

关键词： forest cover change forest exploitation forest economics Portugal.

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Biotechnology of the multipurpose tree species Arbutus unedo:a review

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journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 377-390页

作者： joão Martins Glória Pinto jorge Canhoto Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Department of BiologyUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal

Arbutus unedo L.(strawberry tree,Ericaceae)is a woody species with a circum-Mediterranean *** has considerable ecological relevance in southern European forests due to its resilience to abiotic and biotic *** edible red berries are used in the production of traditional products,including an expensive *** compounds extracted from the species have bioactive prop-erties used by the cosmetic and pharmaceutical *** strawberry tree has gone from a neglected species to become a highly valuable crop with large cultivated areas in southern European and North African *** to an increasing demand from farmers for plants with improved features,researchers have been trying to improve this spe-cies through conventional and biotechnological tools,focus-ing mainly on population analysis using molecular markers,in vitro cloning,tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,and intraspecific crosses to obtain genotypes with new *** objective of this review is to gather and update information about the species and make it available to researchers and *** research areas that are considered a priority for this species are highlighted.

关键词： Breeding Chemical profiling Ericaceae Microbiome Micropropagation

overcoming mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1486-1488页

作者： joão Pessoa Ana I.Duarte CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Due to their intense electrical activity,neurons have high energy *** requirement makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial *** all eukaryotic cells,neurons have intrinsic mechanisms to mitigate the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequent production of toxic *** such(neuro)protective mechanisms,mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy)is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional *** inhibition of mitophagy,together with insufficient mitochondrial activity,results in a shortage of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(RoS)(Simmons et al.,2020).

关键词： protective dysfunction intense