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The Health Cost of Ambient Air Pollution in Lagos

Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第9期11卷 753-765页

作者： Lelia Croitoru jiyoun christina chang Joseph Akpokodje The World Bank Group Washington DC USA The World Bank Group Abuja Nigeria

Globally, air pollution is a significant cause of death, illness and social discomfort. The problem is particularly severe in Nigeria, the country with the highest number of premature deaths due to ambient particulate matter pollution in Sub Saharan region. It is especially worrying in Lagos, the country’s commercial capital and one of the world’s fastest growing megacities. Despite growing concerns about its deadly impacts, there is currently no reliable monetary estimate of the effects of ambient air pollution, nor a comprehensive control plan in Lagos. Using available ground-level monitored data and the most recent valuation techniques, this paper estimates that in 2018 alone, ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) caused about 11,200 premature deaths, and generated a health cost of US$2.1 billion in Lagos. This is equivalent to about 2.1 percent of Lagos’ GDP in the same year. These results call for an urgent plan of action to improve air quality in the city, with primary focus on the main pollution sources: road transport, industrial emissions, and power generation.

关键词： Ambient Air Pollution Valuation Health Cost

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The Health Cost of Ambient Air Pollution in Lagos

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2020年第9期

作者： Lelia Croitoru jiyoun christina chang Joseph Akpokodje

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Optimal transcorneal electrical stimulation parameters for preserving photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： Sam Enayati Karen chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay Ashok Farris Elzaridi christina Yen Kasim Gunes Jia Xie Kin-Sang Cho Tor Paaske Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Institute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of Histology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor *** research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor *** study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal ***,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem *** this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp *** investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with *** retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in *** density was evaluated by rhodopsin *** vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp *** function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),*** was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse *** recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest *** of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human *** tem

关键词： bipolar cells electrical stimulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis pigmentosa transcorneal electrical stimulation waveform

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攀西地区红格层状岩体上部带中单斜辉石的环带结构特征及其成因

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地球化学 2018年第6期47卷 636-648页

作者：武晓霁邢长明曹永华王焰中国科学院广州地球化学研究所矿物学与成矿学重点实验室广东广州510640 广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室广东广州510640 中国科学院大学北京100049

我国攀西地区出露的红格镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体赋含世界级的钒钛磁铁矿矿床。该岩体自下而上被分为下部橄辉岩带、中部辉石岩带和上部辉长岩带。厚层磁铁矿主矿体主要赋存在中部辉石岩带中,而下部带和上部带发育浸染状和海绵陨铁结构矿... 详细信息

我国攀西地区出露的红格镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体赋含世界级的钒钛磁铁矿矿床。该岩体自下而上被分为下部橄辉岩带、中部辉石岩带和上部辉长岩带。厚层磁铁矿主矿体主要赋存在中部辉石岩带中,而下部带和上部带发育浸染状和海绵陨铁结构矿石。通过对上部带中含浸染状磁铁矿的辉长岩样品的岩相观察发现,在单偏光镜下单斜辉石发育多种类型环带结构,表现为由强烈出溶铁钛氧化物的暗色区和弱或无出溶的明亮区组成的复杂环带特征。弱或无出溶区相对强出溶区具有略高的Mg~#值(76~79)和较低的FeO、TiO_2、Al_2O_3、REE和Zr含量。在弱或无出溶区和强出溶区的边界,TiO_2和Al_2O_3含量发生突变,表明单斜辉石经历了增生生长的过程。强出溶区富Fe、Ti的特征表明其结晶于富Fe熔体,可能与岩浆房晶粥中粒间熔体不混溶作用产生的富Fe熔体有关。弱或无出溶区可能结晶较早、并受到富Fe熔体不同程度的溶解,随后增生再生长,形成铁钛氧化物强烈出溶区。单斜辉石单颗粒中强出溶区的REE和Zr含量变化较大,可能与粒间熔体的成分随分异的进行而持续演化有关。

关键词：单斜辉石环带岩浆不混溶作用钒钛磁铁矿矿床层状岩体攀西地区

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