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Effect of lime on speciation of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 93-102页

作者： jiwan SINGH Ajay S. k.LAMDHAD Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) Guwahati-781039 Assam India

Composting is attractive and inexpensive method for treatment and biomass disposal of water hyacinth. However, the major disadvantage of water hyacinth composting is the high content of heavy metals in the final compost. Addition of lime sludge significantly reduced most bioavailable fractions （exchangeable and carbonate） of heavy metals. Studies were carried on composting of water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） with cattle manure and sawdust （6：3：1 ratio） and effects of addition of lime （1%, 2% and 3%） on heavy metal speciation were evaluated during 30 days of composting period. The Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the changes in speciation of heavy metals such as Zinc （Zn）, Copper （Cu）, Manganese （Mn）, Iron （Fe）, Lead （Pb）, Nick.l （Ni）, Cadmium （Cd） and Chromium （Cr） during water hyacinth composting. Effects of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH and organic matter on speciation of heavy metals were also studied during the process. Results showed that, the total metal content was increased during the composting process. The higher reduction in bioavailability factor （BF） of Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr was observed in lime 2 treatment about 62.1%, 64.4%, 71.9%, 62.1% and 58.9% respectively; however higher reduction in BF of Zn and Pb was observed in lime 1 treatment during the composting process. Reducible and oxidizable fractions of Ni, Pb and Cd were not observed during the process. Addition of lime was very effective for reduction ofbioavailability of heavy metals during composting of water hyacinth with cattle manure and sawdust.

关键词： composting lime heavy metals bioavailabil-ity factor speciation

Oxidative chemical pretreatment by piranha solution for enhanced methane yield of wheat straw:mechanism and k.netic study

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 351-366页

作者： Nik.ta k.naujia Shalu Rawat jiwan Singh Department of Environmental Science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226025India

The present research work.aims to explore the potency of piranha solutions at the best-optimized concentrations,i.e.,40%and 30%to reduce the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure of wheat straw,and the treated wheat straw was denoted as WS40 and *** effect of pretreatment on wheat straw was determined by anaerobic digestion(AD)in a batch mode,followed by the analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand(sCOD)and volatile fatty acids(VFAs).After pretreatment,the surface fibers shattered and detached,showing a distorted surface of wheat *** increase in the crystallinity of wheat straw after pretreatment was also observed due to the removal of amorphous cellulose and *** in methane yield was obtained on the 9th day,which was 103±6.92 and 99.33±0.57 mL/d for WS40 and WS30,*** water measurement revealed that the pretreatment of wheat straw minimized the hydrolysis period by 14 *** also improved the methane yield by 2.65(WS40)and 2.45(WS30)fold in comparison with the control which yielded 35.66 mL/d methane on the 23rd *** modified Gompertz model(MGM),logistic function model(LFM)and transference function model(TFM)adequately described the degradation process and explained the k.netic behavior of the cumulative methane *** the three models,MGM was found to fit best for the methane yield of WS40 and WS30.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Wheat straw Oxidative pretreatment Piranha solution Methane

Multi-color luminescence in Eu^3＋/Tb^3＋ co-doped ZnAl amorphous materials and their annealed samples

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第11期36卷 1141-1149页

作者： Yufeng Chen jiwan Zhang Yanmei Hu Xiaoqing Wang Li Wang College of Chemistry Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China

Multi-color luminescence basing on amorphous Eu^3＋/Tb^3＋ co-doped Zn-A1 hydroxides and their annealed samples were studied in detail. Results suggest that excellent red emissions due to E^u3＋ and green emissions attributed to Tb^3＋ appear under the excitation of favorable wavelength for all the as- prepared amorphous samples. Moreover, the emission intensity depends on the Eu^3＋/Tb^3＋ molar ratio. The samples annealed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ still exhibit amorphous state, and multi-color lumi- nescence k.pt in the samples annealed at 300 ℃, while luminescence quenched for the samples annealed at 500 and 700 ℃. However, a broad emission ranging from 450 to 650 nm occurs in some samples annealed at 900 ℃. Further, the fluorescence decay and lifetimes for the as-prepared samples and the samples annealed at 300℃ were investigated. It is found that all the decay curves of emissions due to Tb^3＋ and Eu^3＋ present characteristic double exponential function despite their different lifetimes. The present work.may be a good example for developing new multi-color even white light emitting materials.

关键词： Eu^3+/Tb^3+ -dopant Multi-color luminescence Fluorescence decay Amorphous solid Rare earths

Bioactive compounds in banana fruits and their health benefits

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第4期2卷 183-188页

作者： jiwan S.Sidhu Tasleem A.Zafar Department of Food Science&Technology College of Life SciencesKuwait University13060-SafatKuwait

Banana is an edible fruit and is herbaceous flowering plant belonging to the genus Musa and the family *** is also eaten as cook.d vegetable(and is then called plantains).All the edible banana fruits are seedless(parthenocarpic)and belong to two main species,Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana *** hybrid from these two species Musa x paradisiaca *** also available *** banana is native to Indomalaya and Australia,Papua New Guinea was the first to domesticate this *** has now spread to almost 135 countries around the *** per 2016 data,nearly 28 per cent of the total world’s banana production comes from India and *** group banana,being the main export item from the banana-exporting countries,usually refers to soft,sweet,and dessert banana in the Western countries,but the plantain bananas have firm,starchy fruit which is suitable for cook.ng as a *** is k.own to be rich not only in carbohydrates,dietary fibres,certain vitamins and minerals,but is also rich in many health-promoting bioactive *** composition including various bioactives and their health contributions has been reviewed in this paper.

关键词： banana fruit nutritional value phytochemicals bioactives phenolics biogenic amines.

Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying Best Management Practices using a SWAT model and Quick.ird high resolution satellite imagery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 826-833页

作者： MiSeon Lee GeunAe Park.MinJi Park.JongYoon Park.jiwan Lee SeongJoon k.m Department of Rural Engineering Konkuk University Department of Civil and Environmental System Engineering Konkuk University

This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 k.^2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model. Two meter Quick.ird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using dally streamflow and monthly water quality （total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and suspended solids （SS）） records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian buffer system, the regulation of Universal Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.

关键词： Quick.ird land use Soil and Water Assessment Tool best management practice non-point source

New Measures of Sk.wness of a Probability Distribution

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Open Journal of Statistics 2019年第5期9卷 601-621页

作者： Ashok.k. Singh Laxmi P. Gewali jiwan k.atiwada RGG Department Harrah College of Hospitality University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of Computer Science University of Nevada Las Vegas USA

Symmetry of the underlying probability density plays an important role in statistical inference, since the sampling distribution of the sample mean for a given sample size is more lik.ly to be approximately normal for a symmetric distribution than for an asymmetric one. In this article, two new measures of sk.wness are proposed and the confidence intervals for true sk.wness are obtained via Monte Carlo simulation experiments. One advantage of the two proposed sk.wness measures over the standard measures of sk.wness is that the proposed measures of sk.wness tak. values inside the range (-1, +1).

关键词： Sample Moments Quantiles Computational Geometry Symmetry Robust Measure Central Limit Theorem Trapezoid Rule

Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for phenol degradation in water

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 53-59页

作者： jiwan SINGH Yoon-Young CHANG Jae-k.u YANG Seon-Hong k.NG Janardhan Reddy k.DURU Department of Environmental Engineering Kwangwoon University Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea Division of General Education Kwangwoon University Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea Graduate School of Environmental S~dies Kwangwoon university Seoul 139-701 Republic of Korea

The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue （ASR）（〈 0.25 mm） and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe （n/m Fe） was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The eflects of the dosages ot n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H2O2 on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H2O2; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order k.netics. The value of the reaction rate constant （k.was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H2O2 increased. Conversely, the value of k.was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H2O2 and n/m Fe.

关键词： Automobile shredder residue (ASR)Fe Phenol Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andFourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)Mechanism

A multi-channel chemical sensor and its application in detecting hydrothermal vents

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第9期38卷 128-134页

作者： Zhen Cai A J Mur Luis jiwan Han k.i Wang Huawei Qin Ying Ye Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan 316021 China Environmental and Rural Sciences Institute of Biological Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth SY23 3DA UK k.y Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China Institute of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China

There are well-established chemical and turbidity anomalies in the plumes occurring vicinity of hydrothermal vents, which are used to indicate their existence and locations. We here develop a small, accurate multi-channel chemical sensor to detect such anomalies which can be used in deep-sea at depths of more than 4 000 m. The design allowed five all-solid-state electrodes to be mounted on it and each (apart from one reference electrode) could be changed according to chemicals to be measured. Two experiments were conducted using the chemical sensors. The first was a shallow-sea trial which included sample measurements and in situ monitoring. pH, Eh, CO3^2- and SO4^2- electrodes were utilized to demonstrate that the chemical sensor was accurate and stable outside the laboratory. In the second experiment, the chemical sensor was integrated with pH, Eh, CO3^2- and H2S electrodes, and was used in 29 scans of the seabed along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to detect hydrothermal vents, from which 27 sets of valid data were obtained. Hydrothermal vents were identified by analyzing the chemical anomalies, the primary judging criteria were decreasing voltages of Eh and H2S, matched by increasing voltages of pH and CO3^2- . We proposed that simultaneous detection of changes in these parameters will indicate a hydrothermal vent. Amongst the 27 valid sets of data, five potential hydrothermal vents were targeted using the proposed method. We suggest that our sensors could be widely employed by marine scientists.

关键词： chemical sensor multi-channel hydrothermal vents detection chemical anomalies SWIR

Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags： Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 559-574页

作者： Stephen F. Garczynsk. Brad S. Coates Thomas R. Unruh Scott Schaeffer Derick.jiwan Tyson k.epk. Amit Dhingra USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato WA 98951 USDA-ARS Corn Insect and Crop Genetics Research Unit Genetics Laboratory Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most important pests of pome fruits in the world, yet the molecular genetics and the physiology of this insect remain poorly understood. A combined assembly of 8？341 expressed sequence tags was generated from Roche 454 GS-FLX sequencing of eight tissue-specific cDNA libraries. Putative chemosensory proteins （12） and odorant binding proteins （OBPs）（18） were annotated, which included three putative general OBP （GOBP）, one more than typically reported for other Lepidoptera. To further characterize CpomGOBPs, we cloned cDNA copies of their transcripts and determined their expression patterns in various tissues. Cloning and sequencing of the 698？nt transcript for CpomGOBP1 resulted in the prediction of a 163 amino acid coding region, and subsequent RT-PCR indicated that the transcripts were mainly expressed in antennae and mouthparts. The 1？289 nt （160 amino acid） CpomGOBP2 and the novel 702 nt （169 amino acid） CpomGOBP3 transcripts are mainly expressed in antennae, mouthparts, and female abdomen tips. These results indicate that next generation sequencing is useful for the identification of novel transcripts of interest, and that codling moth expresses a transcript encoding for a new member of the GOBP subfamily.

关键词： codling moth EST odorant binding proteins