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Response of ocean acidification to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 79-90页

作者： jiu jiang Long Cao Xiaoyu Jin Zechen Yu Han Zhang Jianjie Fu Guibin jiang School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resources of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Climate Center Hangzhou 310052China

Artificial CO_(2)removal from the atmosphere(also referred to as negative CO_(2)emissions)has been proposed as a potential means to counteract anthropogenic climate change.Here we use an Earth system model to examine the response of ocean acidification to idealized atmospheric CO_(2)removal scenarios.In our simulations,atmospheric CO_(2)is assumed to increase at a rate of 1%per year to four times its pre-industrial value and then decreases to the pre-industrial level at a rate of 0.5%,1%,2%per year,respectively.Our results show that the annual mean state of surface ocean carbonate chemistry fields including hydrogen ion concentration([H^(+)]),pH and aragonite saturation state respond quickly to removal of atmospheric CO_(2).However,the change of seasonal cycle in carbonate chemistry lags behind the decline in atmospheric CO_(2).When CO_(2)returns to the pre-industrial level,over some parts of the ocean,relative to the pre-industrial state,the seasonal amplitude of carbonate chemistry fields is substantially larger.Simulation results also show that changes in deep ocean carbonate chemistry substantially lag behind atmospheric CO_(2)change.When CO_(2)returns to its pre-industrial value,the whole-ocean acidity measured by[H^(+)]is 15%-18%larger than the pre-industrial level,depending on the rate of CO_(2)decrease.Our study demonstrates that even if atmospheric CO_(2)can be lowered in the future as a result of net negative CO_(2)emissions,the recovery of some aspects of ocean acidification would take decades to centuries,which would have important implications for the resilience of marine ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon dioxide removal Net negative CO_(2)emission Ocean acidification Climate change Earth system modeling

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Simulated carbon cycle and Earth system response to atmospheric CO_(2)removal

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第2期14卷 313-321页

作者： Long CAO Xiao-Yu JIN jiu jiang Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resources of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

To project possible future climate change,it is important to understand Earth system response to CO_(2)removal,a potential key method to limit global warming.Previous studies examined some aspects of Earth system response to different scenarios of CO_(2)removal,but lacked a systematic analysis of the carbon cycle and climate system response in a consistent modeling framework.We expanded previous studies by using an Earth system model to examine the response of land and ocean carbon cycle,as well as a set of climate variables to idealized scenarios of atmospheric CO_(2)removal with different removal rates.In the scenarios considered,atmospheric CO_(2)increases at a rate of 1%per year to four times of its preindustrial level,and then decreases at a rate of 0.5%,1%,and 2%per year to the preindustrial level.Simulation results show that a reduction of atmospheric CO_(2)induces CO_(2)release from both the ocean and terrestrial biosphere,and to keep atmospheric CO_(2)at a lower level requires the removal of anthropogenic CO_(2)not only from the atmosphere,but from the ocean and land carbon reservoirs as well.The response of many variables of the Earth system,including temperature,ocean heat content,sea level,deep ocean acidity,and permafrost area and carbon,lags the decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)ranging from a few years to many centuries.A few centuries after atmospheric CO_(2)returns to the preindustrial level,sea level is still substantially higher than the preindustrial level,and permafrost continues losing CO_(2)to the atmosphere.Our study demonstrates that to offset previous positive CO_(2)emissions by atmospheric CO_(2)removal does not mean to offset climate consequence of positive CO_(2)emissions.Rapid and deep reduction in CO_(2)emissions is key to prevent and limit increasing risks from further warming.Our study provides new insights into the carbon cycle and climate system response to CO_(2)removal,which would help to assess future climate change and the associated impacts.

关键词： CO_(2)emission CO_(2)concentration Atmospheric CO_(2)removal Earth system model Climate change

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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic treatment via Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis in stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第3期16卷 267-286页

作者： Tong Wu Fu Zheng Hong-Yi Tang Hua-Zhi Li Xin-Yu Cui Shuai Ding Duo Liu Cui-Ying Li jiu-Hui jiang Rui-Li Yang Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijing 100081China Department of Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijing 100081China

BACKGROUND The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years,which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or tooth root resorption.Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS),a noninvasive physical therapy,has been shown to promote bone fracture healing.It is also reported that LIPUS could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment;however,how LIPUS regulates the bone metabolism during the orthodontic treatment process is still unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of LIPUS on bone remodeling in an orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model and explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS A rat model of OTM was established,and alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement rate were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and staining of tissue sections.In vitro,human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)were isolated to detect their osteogenic differentiation potential under compression and LIPUS stimulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining,and Alizarin red staining.The expression of Yes-associated protein(YAP1),the actin cytoskeleton,and the Lamin A/C nucleoskeleton were detected with or without YAP1 small interfering RNA(siRNA)application via immunofluorescence.RESULTS The force treatment inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs;moreover,the expression of osteogenesis markers,such as type 1 collagen(COL1),runt-related transcription factor 2,ALP,and osteocalcin(OCN),decreased.LIPUS could rescue the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with increased expression of osteogenic marker inhibited by force.Mechanically,the expression of LaminA/C,F-actin,and YAP1 was downregulated after force treatment,which could be rescued by LIPUS.Moreover,the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs increased by LIPUS could be attenuated by YAP siRNA treatment.Consistently,LIPUS increased alveolar bone density and decreased vertical bone absorp

关键词： Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound Bone resorption Osteogenesis Cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Orthodontic tooth movement

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Simulated effect of sunshade solar geoengineering on the global carbon cycle

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1306-1315页

作者： jiu jiang Han ZHANG Long CAO Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University

Solar geoengineering has been proposed as a potential mechanism to counteract global warming. Here we use the University of Victoria Earth System Model(UVic) to simulate the effect of idealized sunshade geoengineering on the global carbon cycle. We conduct two simulations. The first is the A2 simulation, where the model is driven by prescribed emission scenario based on the SRES A2 CO2 emission pathway. The second is the solar geoengineering simulation in which the model is driven by the A2 CO2 emission scenario combined with sunshade solar geoengineering. In the model, solar geoengineering is represented by a spatially uniform reduction in solar insolation that is implemented at year 2020 to offset CO2-induced global mean surface temperature change. Our results show that solar geoengineering increases global carbon uptake relative to A2, in particular CO2 uptake by the terrestrial biosphere. The increase in land carbon uptake is mainly associated with increased net primary production(NPP) in the tropics in the geoengineering simulation, which prevents excess warming in tropics. By year2100, solar geoengineering decreases A2-simulated atmospheric CO2 by 110 ppm(12%) and causes a 60%(251 Pg C) increase in land carbon accumulation compared to A2. Solar geoengineering also prevents the reduction in ocean oxygen concentration caused by increased ocean temperatures and decreased ocean ventilation, but reduces global ocean NPP. Our results suggest that to fully access the climate effect of solar geoengineering, the response of the global carbon cycle should be taken into account.

关键词：遮阳伞太阳球碳周期模仿维多利亚大学海洋温度 CO2

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Neonatal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 227-232页

作者： Zhilong jiang Erin M. FISHER jiu jiang Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104 USA. Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Efficacious vaccination has been a longstanding goal in neonates. Due to immaturity of the neonatal immune system, vaccination has shown limited success in stimulating the neonatal endogenous immune system. Advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology have resulted in renewed development of neonatal vaccination. In this article, we review recent advances in neonatal anti- RSV vaccination strategies, including active and passive vaccination approaches, with emphasis on the effect of maternal neutralizing antibody and the role of maternal antibody in neonatal immune modulations. Recent reports in a variety of antiviral vaccine animal models have shown that maternal antibody, different from conventional vaccination, plays an immune modulatory role in the newborn immune system. Active immunization of the pregnant mother and the offspring can effectively stimulate and maintain potent neonatal immune responses, including an endogenous cytotoxic response and neutralizing antibody generation. The induced newborn endogenous antiviral immunity can last up to 6 months, and effectively blunt viral replication. Immune complexes, formed from the integral binding of the maternal neutralizing antibody and viral vaccine antigen, may play an important role in the maternal antibody-mediated neonatal immune response. The underlying mechanisms and future perspectives are discussed.

关键词： respiratory syncytial virus vaccination neonates matemal antibody immune complex

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Mechanical properties of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)ceramics before and after heat treatment

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Rare Metals 2022年第8期41卷 2777-2782页

作者： Lei Yao Chun-Cheng Zhu jiu-Xing jiang Bai-Bin Zhou Key Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials and Green Catalysis Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin150025China College of Applied Sciences Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150080China

Ti_(3)AIC_(2)ceramics were heat treated at the temperature from 1050 to 1450℃.Vickers hardness,fracture toughness,flexural strength and compressive strength of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)were tested and calculated before and after heat treatment,respectively.Ti_(3)AIC_(2)content,fracture toughness,flexural strength and compressive strength of Ti_(3)AIC_(2)first increase and then decrease,while Vickers hardness is just the opposite with the increase in temperature from 1050 to 1450℃C.After heat treatment at1250℃,Ti_(3)AIC_(2)content reaches the highest level of94.2 wt%,and fracture toughness,flexural strength and compressive strength reach the maximum values,which are6.4 MPa·m^(1/2),318 MPa and 662 MPa,respectively.Vickers hardness reduces to the lowest value of 2.9 GPa.Heat treatment does improve the strength and Ti_(3)AlC_(2)content,but reduces the hardness and optimizes the mechanical properties of Ti_(3)AlC_(2).

关键词： Ti_(3)AlC_(2) Heat treatment Mechanical properties

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Surgical treatment of liver inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第11期14卷 2288-2294页

作者： Li-Yue Fu jiu-Liang jiang Meng Liu Jun-Jun Li Kai-Ping Liu Hai-Tao Zhu Clinical School Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550001Guizhou ProvinceChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550001Guizhou ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma(IPT-like FDCS)is rare with a low malignant potential.Hepatic IPT-like FDCS has similar clinical features to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),making it extremely difficult to distinguish between them in clinical practice.We describe the case of a young female patient diagnosed with HCC before surgery,which was pathologically diagnosed as IPT-like FDCS after the left half of the liver was resected.During 6 mo of follow-up,the patient recovered well with no signs of recurrence or metastasis.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old female patient with a 2-year history of hepatitis B presented to the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University.She was asymptomatic at presentation,and the findings from routine laboratory examinations were normal except for slightly elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels.However,ultrasonography revealed a 3-cm diameter mass in the left hepatic lobe,and abdominal contrastenhanced computed tomography revealed that the tumor had asymmetrical enhancement during the arterial phase,which declined during the portal venous phase,and had a pseudo-capsule appearance.Based on the findings from clinical assessments and imaging,the patient was diagnosed with HCC,for which she was hospitalized and had undergone laparoscopic left hepatectomy.However,the tumor specimens submitted for pathological analyses revealed IPT-like FDCS.After surgical removal of the tumor,the patient recovered.In addition,the patient continued to recover well during 6 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Hepatic IPT-like FDCS is difficult to distinguish from HCC.Hepatectomy may provide beneficial outcomes in non-metastatic hepatic IPT-like FDCS.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma Surgery Tumor Case report

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The effect of adjuvants on vaccine-induced antibody response against influenza in aged mice

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第2期9卷 89-94页

作者： Mark A. CONCANNON jiu jiang Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

While influenza remains a major threat to public health, researchers continue to search for a universal solution to improving the efficacy of the influenza vaccine. Even though influenza affects people of all different ages, it can be extremely hazardous to people of 65 years of age or older since that is the population that makes up the high majority of the death toll caused by influenza-related diseases. Elderly individuals suffer the effects of immunosenescence as they age, which is the diminishing of the overall immune response. Immunosenescence occurs by specifically affecting the adaptive immune response which controls the establishment of immunity after vaccination or infection. There are many studies under way that are trying to find a resolution to the problem of the influenza vaccine not providing enough protection in the elderly population. One of the possible strategies is to seek the use of an optimal adjuvant, an immunological agent that can enhance immune responses, with the current vaccine formulation. Here, we used the murine model to review the effects of adjuvants on the antibody response to influenza vaccines in aged mice. Since adjuvants can enhance the production of important inflammatory cytokines and activation of dendritic cells, the stimulation of these cells are boosted to increase the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in aged mice which would hopefully translate to the elderly.

关键词： adjuvant influenza vaccine aged mice

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Value of T-tube in biliary tract reconstruction during orthotopic liver transplantation:a meta-analysis

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第5期12卷 357-364页

作者： Wei-dong HUANG jiu-kun jiang Yuan-qiang LU Department of Emergency the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Objective:To compare biliary complications after biliary tract reconstruction with or without T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:Randomized control trials(RCTs) and comparative studies were identified by a computerized literature search of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE(1966/1-2010/4),Scopus(1980/1-2010/4),ClinicalTrials.gov(2010/4),the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Studies and data were extracted and assessed independently.Dichotomous outcomes were reported as odds ratios(ORs) and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals(CI).Results:Five RCTs and eight comparative studies with a total of 1 608 subjects were identified.The data showed that the operation with T-tube had better outcomes for duct stenosis(P=0.01,OR=0.45,95% CI 0.24-0.85).The operations with or without T-tube had equivalent outcomes as follows:overall biliary complications(P=0.85,OR=1.15,95% CI 0.28-4.72),bile leaks(P=0.38,OR=0.75,95% CI 0.39-1.42),and cholangitis(P=0.24,OR=4.64,95% CI 0.36-60.62).These results were strengthened by the analysis of all thirteen non-randomized and randomized studies.Conclusions:Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the insertion of a T-tube reduces the incidence of biliary stenosis without increasing the incidence of other biliary complications.

关键词： Liver transplantation Drainage Biliary tract Meta-analysis T-tube

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Clinical features and treatment in patients with acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第3期12卷 189-192页

作者： Yuan-qiang LU jiu-kun jiang Wei-dong HUANG Department of Emergency the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were sent to our hospital.Two died within 3 h after admission,while the other 14 responded to supportive treatment and he-moperfusion.Clinical features and treatment of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and presented.Results:Fourteen patients recovered and were discharged after four to six weeks of treatment.No obvious poisoning sequelae were found in the three-month follow-up.Conclusions:Non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol is toxic.Hemoperfusion and glucocorticoid treatments may be efficient measures to prevent mortality,but this requires further study.

关键词： 2 4-Dinitrophenol Poisoning Therapeutics Hemoperfusion Glucocorticoid

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