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A novel multi-shot target platform for laser-driven laboratory astrophysics experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 11-19页

作者： Pablo Perez-Martin Irene Prencipe Manfred Sobiella Fabian Donat Ning Kang Zhiyu He Huiya Liu Lei Ren Zhiyong Xie Jun Xiong Yan Zhang Florian-Emanuel Brack MichalČervenák Pavel Gajdoš Lenka Hronová Kakolee Kaniz Michaela Kozlová Florian Kroll Xiayun Pan Gabriel Schaumann Sushil Singh MichalŠmíd Francisco Suzuki-Vidal Panzheng Zhang jinren sun Jianqiang Zhu Miroslav Krůs Katerina Falk Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation PhysicsDresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma China Academy of Engineering PhysicsShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Department of Physics Jagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute for Nuclear Physics Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Blackett Laboratory Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom First Light Fusion Oxford Industrial ParkYarntonOxfordUnited Kingdom

A new approach to target development for laboratory astrophysics experiments at high-power laser facilities is presented.With the dawn of high-power lasers,laboratory astrophysics has emerged as a field,bringing insight into physical processes in astrophysical objects,such as the formation of stars.An important factor for success in these experiments is targetry.To date,targets have mainly relied on expensive and challenging microfabrication methods.The design presented incorporates replaceable machined parts that assemble into a structure that defines the experimental geometry.This can make targets cheaper and faster to manufacture,while maintaining robustness and reproducibility.The platform is intended for experiments on plasma flows,but it is flexible and may be adapted to the constraints of other experimental setups.Examples of targets used in experimental campaigns are shown,including a design for insertion in a high magnetic field coil.Experimental results are included,demonstrating the performance of the targets.

关键词： high magnetic fields laboratory astrophysics laser-plasma interaction magnetized plasmas target design

Fully diagnosing the spatial properties of X-ray lasers

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Science China Mathematics 2001年第1期44卷 103-112页

作者：杨军孙今人王韬范滇元王世绩 Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma

Based on the moiré effect and the Fresnel diffraction theory, a novel technique for diagnosing the beam properties is presented and analyzed, which is especially suitable for X-ray lasers. The method makes it possible, in a one-shot experimental measurement, to determine the beam quality factor M2, the effective radius of curvature, the beam width, the far-field divergence, and the waist location and radius as well as the spatial coherence and its evolution. Numerical simulation proves the validity of the method. Note that the novel moiré technique opens an efficient road, for the first time, to fully diagnose the spatial properties of X-ray lasers.

关键词： X-ray lasers Moire technique Beam quality Spatial coherence

Statistical Characteristics of Strong Ground Motion Specified by Response Spectrum and Power Spectral Density Function

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Earthquake Research in China 1995年第4期9卷 26-41页

作者： Jiang jinren,Lu Qinnian,and sun JingjiangInstitute of Engineering Mechanics,SSB,Harbin 150080,ChinaHarbin University of Architecture and Engineering,Harbin 150006,China

The statistical characteristics of strong ground motion specified by response spectrum and power spectral density function are studied using 190 strong-motion records of the Haicheng and Tangshan earthquakes in China and 138 earthquakes in the western United States.The response spectrum is normalized by the peak ground acceleration(i.e.,represented as spectral magnification factor),and the power spectral density function is described by the Kanai-Tajimi spectrum.The statistics and dependence of parameters are evaluated,and correlations between the spectral magnification factor or Kanai-Tajimi spectral parameters and the site condition,epicentral distance,or local magnitude are investigated.The statistical characteristics of spectra China and the U.S.A.are compared.Based on the results obtained the values of the statistics on spectral parameters for earthquake engineering applications in China are suggested.

关键词： statistical analysis strong motion response spectrum power spectrum

2023年浙江省南部地区住院儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒感染疾病负担研究

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中国预防医学杂志 2024年第3期25卷 289-294页

作者：孙琬琬潘金仁倪朝荣应丽红王璐敏叶夏良卢愉中朱安刘社兰浙江省疾病预防控制中心浙江杭州310051 温州市疾病预防控制中心缙云县疾病预防控制中心丽水市疾病预防控制中心缙云县第二人民医院

目的了解浙江省南部地区2023年≤5岁儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)感染住院病例的疾病负担。方法收集2023年1月1日-5月31日,浙江省两家医院实验室检测确诊为HRSV的≤5岁住院儿童的诊疗资料,分析疾病... 详细信息

目的了解浙江省南部地区2023年≤5岁儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)感染住院病例的疾病负担。方法收集2023年1月1日-5月31日,浙江省两家医院实验室检测确诊为HRSV的≤5岁住院儿童的诊疗资料,分析疾病负担以及发生肺炎的影响因素。结果本次研究共纳入HRSV感染住院病例269例。肺炎病例232例(86.25%)。全部病例的住院费用中位数为4 326.21(IQR:3 281.74~5 599.92)元;住院天数中位数为6 (IQR:4~7) d。0~<1岁儿童病例住院费用(5 429.46元vs. 4 056.96元)和住院天数(6 d vs. 5 d)高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.852,P<0.01;t=2.618,P=0.010);肺炎组住院费用(4 212.49元vs. 4 052.31元)和住院天数(6 d vs.5 d)高于非肺炎组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.704, P=0.031;t=2.940, P=0.040);混合感染住院费用(4 806.89元vs. 4 051.92元)和住院天数(6 d vs.5 d)高于单一感染,差异有统计学意义(t=3.538,P<0.01;t=4.270, P<0.01)。剖宫产(OR=12.72, 95%CI:5.08~31.90)、低出生体质量(t=-3.074, P=0.002)和入院延迟(t=4.880, P<0.01)为HRSV感染住院儿童发生肺炎的危险因素。结论 2023年浙江省南部地区0~<1岁HRSV感染患儿具有较重的疾病负担,混合感染、剖宫产、出生时低体质量以及入院延迟可引起肺炎疾病负担增加。

关键词：人呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎混合感染疾病负担住院儿童

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions:Kinetics and isotherms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 795-800页

作者： ZHANG Guangzhi HU Hao sun Weiling NI jinren Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil（BE）,humic acid（HA） and humin（HM） were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorption onto different soil organic matters（SOMs）.It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium（t1/2） for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil 〉 HA 〉 BE 〉 HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity（Ceq） was found in the sequence of HA 〉 BE 〉 HM 〉 soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM 〉 HA 〉 soil 〉 BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affnity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.

关键词： Triton X-100 sorption soil organic matters nonionic surfactant kinetics isotherms

Development of a new hydrophobic magnetic biochar for removing oil spills on the water surface

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 177-193页

作者： Xiaojun sun Hongrui Fu Mutai Bao Wei Liu Chengyi Luo Yang Li Yiming Li jinren Lu Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and TechnologyMinistry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China China Petrochemical Corporation(Sinopec Group) Beijing 100728China

More technologies are urgently needed for combined use to effectively eliminate the effect of oil spills,an environmental problem of widespread concern.Among these technologies,sorption methods are available to remove residual oil and prevent the further spread on the water surface.In this study,biochars,prepared from different feed-stock materials and pyrolysis temperatures,were screened and further modified to improve their application in the water environment.Among cornstalk biochar(CSBC),corncob biochar(CCBC),Sophora sawdust biochar(SSBC),and rice husk biochar(RHBC),the CSBC had excellent oil sorption capacity,especially prepared at 350℃(CSBC350),which has a complete and full pore structure.Furthermore,magnetic and silane agent modifications of CSBC350(OMBC)were performed to enhance the properties of the magnetic field controllability and hydrophobicity to increase oil sorption.The OMBC exhibited satisfactory oil sorption capacities to crude oil,diesel oil,and engine oil in the water-oil system of 8.77 g g^(−1),4.01 g g^(−1),and 4.44 g g^(−1),respectively.The sorption process of CSBC350 and OMBC complied with the pseudo-second-order kinetics(R^(2)>0.97)and the Langmuir isotherm models(R^(2)>0.80)based on the highest regression coefficients.The sorption mechanisms are dominated by hydrophobic forces,pore intercepts,and hydrogenbond interactions.The biochar adsorbent can availably cooperate with other physical methods to eliminate oil contaminants,which can be an outstanding fuel source for producing heat.

关键词： Oil spill Cornstalk biochar Hydrophobic magnetic biochar Oil sorption

“迁都争议”与“迁都话题”——试论东汉“迁都”赋的文本模拟与性质变化

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中国人民大学学报 2024年第2期38卷 130-139页

作者：孙少华中国社会科学院文学研究所

东汉自杜笃《论都赋》以下,又有王景《金人论》、傅毅《反都赋》《洛都赋》、崔骃《反都赋》、班固《两都赋》、张衡《二京赋》等京都赋作。杜笃《论都赋》与是否定都洛阳有关,有“迁都”长安主题,可称作“迁都争议”赋;王景《金人论》... 详细信息

东汉自杜笃《论都赋》以下,又有王景《金人论》、傅毅《反都赋》《洛都赋》、崔骃《反都赋》、班固《两都赋》、张衡《二京赋》等京都赋作。杜笃《论都赋》与是否定都洛阳有关,有“迁都”长安主题,可称作“迁都争议”赋;王景《金人论》以下至张衡《二京赋》,其实并非为“迁都”争议而作,可称作“迁都话题”赋。在已经作为一个“话题”出现的京都赋中,其结构、内容、形式、语言上都有一定的模拟沿袭现象,呈现出明显的“文本模拟”痕迹。班固《两都赋》,被范晔《后汉书》与萧统《文选》分别收录,性质上已经发生了从“史”到“文”的变化。《两都赋》“文学”经典化的真正开始,即肇始于萧统编纂《文选》并以《两都赋》为首篇。

关键词：迁都争议迁都话题《论都赋》《两都赋》《二京赋》

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激光脉冲波形优化与材料压缩特性

强激光与粒子束 2009年第6期21卷 859-862页

作者：方智恒张梦洁王伟董佳钦叶君建熊俊王瑞荣王琛孙今人吴江傅思祖顾援王世绩中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所上海201800 郑州交通职业学院机电工程系郑州450062

结合快点火靶丸预压缩涉及的基本物理问题,分析了驱动激光脉冲波形对材料压缩过程的影响,并利用辐射流体力学程序MULTI模拟了不同激光波形下的材料压缩情况。结果表明:通过调节激光脉冲波形,优化激光初始强度、激光强度开始上升时间和... 详细信息

结合快点火靶丸预压缩涉及的基本物理问题,分析了驱动激光脉冲波形对材料压缩过程的影响,并利用辐射流体力学程序MULTI模拟了不同激光波形下的材料压缩情况。结果表明:通过调节激光脉冲波形,优化激光初始强度、激光强度开始上升时间和上升速度,控制压缩过程中的熵增,可以获得更高的材料压缩度。

关键词：惯性约束聚变快点火材料压缩激光脉冲波形数值模拟

Reductant-assisted polydopamine-modified membranes for efficient water purification

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 109-117页

作者： Feng sun jinren Lu Yuhong Wang Jie Xiong Congjie Gao Jia Xu Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology Tianjin 300112China

Surface engineering with polydopamine coatings has been considered a promising surface functionalisation tool.However,it is difficult to control the self-polymerisation for polydopamine formation,which usually causes severe interparticle aggregation.In this study,polydopamine self-polymerisation was controlled by adjusting its reducing environment using a reductant(NaBH4)to fabricate mixed cellulose ester(MCE)/polydopamine membranes.An oxidising environment using NaIO4 was additionally tested as the control.The results showed that a thin polydopamine coating with small polydopamine particles was formed on the skeleton frameworks of the MCE membrane with NaBH4,and the self-polymerisation rate was suppressed.The polydopamine coating formed in the reducing environment facilitated excellent water transport performance with a water permeance of approximately 400 L·m^(−2)·h^(−1)·bar^(−1) as well as efficient organic foulant removal with a bovine serum albumin rejection of approximately 90%.In addition,the polydopamine coating with NaBH4 exhibited both excellent chemical stability and anti-microbial activity,demonstrating the contribution of the reducing environment to the performance of the MCE/polydopamine membranes.It shows significant potential for use in water purification.

关键词： membrane water purification polydopamine reducing environment self-polymerization control