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英语复句句法复杂性的计量研究

外国语 2024年第3期47卷 40-52页

作者：刘金路杨楠浙江财经大学外国语学院浙江杭州310018

句子是语言中最高层级的语法单位,而复句是最复杂的句子类型(Quirk et al.1985:47)。英语复句包含一个或多个从句作为其核心成分,其句法复杂性可以通过两个指标来衡量,即从句密度和嵌入深度。本研究借助Brown与LOB语料库,使用从句密度... 详细信息

句子是语言中最高层级的语法单位,而复句是最复杂的句子类型(Quirk et al.1985:47)。英语复句包含一个或多个从句作为其核心成分,其句法复杂性可以通过两个指标来衡量,即从句密度和嵌入深度。本研究借助Brown与LOB语料库,使用从句密度和嵌入深度两个指标,探索了英语复句的句法复杂性。研究发现,从句密度的阈值为9,而嵌入深度的阈值为4;从句密度和嵌入深度在不同语体或文本类型之间不存在显著性差异,即两个指标对不同语体中的英语复句句法复杂性的差异区分不敏感;Altmann-Fitter的拟合数据显示,从句密度与嵌入深度的分布符合右截断修正的Zipf-Alekseev模型,这表明英语复句的句法复杂性存在最小化趋势。以上发现表明,人类普遍的认知因素即认知负荷在语言的实际使用中起着某种限制性作用。本研究有助于英语复句的教学实践,同时为英语复句的句法复杂性的进一步研究提供了借鉴和启示。

关键词：英语复句句法复杂性 Brown与LOB语料库从句密度嵌入深度

Gene replacement therapy in Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy:an open-label,single-arm,exploratory trial

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2275-2284页

作者： Jinyuan Wang jinlu Zhang Shicheng Yu Hongyan Li Shaohong Chen Jingting Luo Haibo Wang Yuxia Guan Haihan Zhang Shiyi Yin Huili Wang Heping Li Junle liu Jingyuan Zhu Qiong Yang Ying Sha Chuan Zhang Yuhang Yang Xuan Yang Xifang Zhang Xiuli Zhao Likun Wang Liping Yang Wenbin Wei Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and TreatmentBeijing Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences Key LabMedical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University100730 BeijingChina School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Chigenovo Co. Ltd.102206 BeijingChina Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular NervePeking University Third Hospital100191 BeijingChina Department of Ophthalmology The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian116091 DalianChina Department of Biomedical Informatics School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science Center100191 BeijingChina Institute of Systems Biomedicine Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science Center100191 BeijingChina

Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy is an inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in CYP4V2,which results in blindness in the working-age population,and there is currently no available treatment.Here,we report the results of the first-in-human clinical trial(NCT04722107)of gene therapy for Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy,including 12 participants who were followed up for 180-365 days.This open-label,single-arm exploratory trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a recombinant adeno-associated-virus-serotype-2/8 vector encoding the human CYP4V2 protein(rAAV2/8-hCYP4V2).Participants received a single unilateral subretinal injection of 7.5×10^(10)vector genomes of rAAV2/8-hCYP4V2.Overall,73 treatment-emergent adverse events were reported,with the majority(98.6%)being of mild or moderate intensity and considered to be procedure-or corticosteroid-related;no treatment-related serious adverse events or local/systemic immune toxicities were observed.Compared with that measured at baseline,77.8%of the treated eyes showed improvement in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)on day 180,with a mean±standard deviation increase of 9.0±10.8 letters in the 9 eyes analyzed(p=0.021).By day 365,80%of the treated eyes showed an increase in BCVA,with a mean increase of 11.0±10.6 letters in the 5 eyes assessed(p=0.125).Importantly,the patients’improvement observed using multifocal electroretinogram,microperimetry,and Visual Function Questionnaire-25 further supported the beneficial effects of the treatment.We conclude that the favorable safety profile and visual improvements identified in this trial encourage the continued development of rAAV2/8-hCYP4V2(named ZVS101e).

关键词： cor dystrophy crystalline

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船舶岸电政策下港航企业低碳行为演化研究

上海海事大学学报 2024年第1期45卷 62-69页

作者：盛进路唐柳重庆交通大学航运与船舶工程学院重庆400074 重庆交通大学交通运输学院重庆400074

为探究港航企业在船舶岸电政策下推进岸电应用的低碳行为演化路径,构建政府、港口企业、航运公司三方参与的演化博弈模型,判断在有限理性条件下各主体决策选择行为的稳定性状态,并通过MATLAB数值仿真分析政策变化对系统演化路径的影响... 详细信息

为探究港航企业在船舶岸电政策下推进岸电应用的低碳行为演化路径,构建政府、港口企业、航运公司三方参与的演化博弈模型,判断在有限理性条件下各主体决策选择行为的稳定性状态,并通过MATLAB数值仿真分析政策变化对系统演化路径的影响。研究表明:系统存在3个稳定均衡点,分别对应船舶岸电发展过程中的三个阶段,初期、中期、成熟期;政府在推进船舶岸电发展中起主导作用,其积极制定并落实相关政策可促进港航企业选择使用岸电。针对货运码头岸电使用率较低的现状,补贴力度比监管力度作用更强,后期政府应加大对岸电使用的系列补贴。

关键词：水路运输岸电系统绿色航运三方博弈低碳行为

Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treatment of pregnancyrelated symptoms:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期44卷 16-26页

作者： liu Tingting liu Tongou liu Mingfu School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medicine Hubei University of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430000China First Clinical College of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430000China Department of Acupuncture and Tuina Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430000China

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture(AM)in the treatment of pregnancyrelated symptoms such as acute vomiting during pregnancy.METHODS:We comprehensively searched the available literature up to November 2021,including Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on AM for the treatment of severe vomiting,insomnia,pharyngeal and pelvic pain,mood abnormalities,and dyspepsia during pregnancy.RESULTS:Sixteen RCTs with a cumulative sample size of 1178 cases were included.Of these,964 patients were included in the Meta-analysis.The Meta-analysis results showed that AM was more efficient than Western medicine in treating discomfort during pregnancy[odds ratio(OR)=1.19,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.11,1.28),P<0.01].AM was better than the control group in improving the visual analog scale scores[standard mean difference(SMD)=0.62,95%CI(0.53,0.71),P<0.01].AM was superior to the control group in improving Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)symptom scores[OR=7.31,95%CI(3.36,15.94),P<0.01].There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the AM and sham-AM groups and the analgesic drug group[OR=0.70,95%CI(0.39,1.28),P=0.25],but the treatment and control groups had mild adverse effects with a low incidence.CONCLUSIONS:AM is more effective than other treatments or pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms,and is relatively safe.However,the quality of the included trials was rather poor,and high-quality studies are required to confirm our findings.

关键词： acupuncture pregnancy nausea vomiting sleep initiation and maintenance disorders low back pain pelvic pain mood abnormalities Meta-analysis systematic review

Research Progress on Detection Techniques of Fungicide Residues in Chinese Chives

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第1期13卷 43-48页

作者： Xiuying CHEN Zhe MENG Chen DING Huihui liu Yancheng ZHOU jinlu LI Yanhua YAN Lei WANG Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center Tangshan 063000China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality Evaluation and Nutrition and Health Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTangshan 063000China Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Technology Innovation Center Tangshan 063000China Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products Tangshan 063000China Hebei North University College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology Zhangjiakou 075032China

Chinese chive is a kind of medicinal and edible plant,with many diseases,and chemical fungicides are usually used for control.In order to find out the risk of pesticide residues in Chinese chives,this paper summarized relevant literatures published in recent years,and sorted out and analyzed the types of pesticides used and detection techniques of common diseases in Chinese chives.

关键词： Chinese chive Pesticide residues Fungicide Detection technique

Removal of Cr(Ⅵ)by glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan encapsulating microscale zero-valent iron:Synthesis,mechanism,and longevity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 115-128页

作者： Yijun Duan Fang liu Xiang liu Miao Li School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Transportation Institute of Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010070China

Microscale zero-valent iron(mZVI)has shown great potential for groundwater Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.However,low Cr(Ⅵ)removal capacity caused by passivation restricted the wide use of mZVI.We prepared mZVI/GCS by encapsulating mZVI in a porous glutaraldehydecrosslinked chitosan matrix,and the formation of the passivation layer was alleviated by reducing the contact between zero-valent iron particles.The average pore diameter of mZVI/GCS was 8.775 nm,which confirmed the mesoporous characteristic of this material.Results of batch experiments demonstrated that mZVI/GCS exhibited high Cr(Ⅵ)removal efficiency in a wide range of pH(2-10)and temperature(5-35℃).Common groundwater coexisting ions slightly affected m ZVI/GCS.The material showed great reusability,and the average Cr(Ⅵ)removal efficiency was 90.41%during eight cycles.In this study,we also conducted kinetics and isotherms analysis.Pseudo-second-order model was the most matched kinetics model.The Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption process was fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models,and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of m ZVI/GCS reached243.63 mg/g,which is higher than the adsorption capacities of materials reported in most of the previous studies.Notably,the column capacity for Cr(Ⅵ)removal of a mZVI/GCS-packed column was 6.4 times higher than that of a mZVI-packed column in a 50-day experiment.Therefore,mZVI/GCS with a porous structure effectively relieved passivation problems of mZVI and showed practical application prospects as groundwater Cr(Ⅵ)remediation material with practical application prospects.

关键词： Chitosan Glutaraldehyde mZVI Cr(Ⅵ) Groundwater

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 275-286页

作者： Haoyu liu Chongru liu North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206China

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.

关键词： Wind generation voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC) frequency regulation cooperative control adaptive control variable wind speed

Characteristics and sources of peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)in the rural North China Plain:Results from1-year continuous observations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 719-731页

作者： Xin liu Xiaowei He Chenglong Zhang Yifei Song Shuyang Xie Chengtang liu Pengfei liu Yuanyuan Zhang Yujing Mu Junfeng liu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)is an important photochemical pollutant in the troposphere,whereas long-term measurements are scarce in rural areas in North China Plain(NCP),resulting in unclear seasonal variations and sources of PAN in rural NCP.In this study,we conducted a 1-year observation of PAN during 2021-2022 at the rural NCP site.The average concentrations of PAN were 1.10,0.75,0.65,and 0.88 ppbv in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively,with a 1-year average of 0.81±0.60 ppbv.Calculations indicate that the loss of PAN through thermal decomposition in summer accounts for 43.2% of the total formed PAN,which is an important reason for the low concentration of PAN in summer.We speculate that since the correlation between PAN and O_(3) in winter is significantly lower than that in other seasons,the observed regional transport of PAN cannot be ignored in winter.Through budget analysis,regional transport accounted for 12.8% and 55.9% of the observed PAN on the spring and winter pollution days,respectively,which showed that regional transport played key roles during the photochemical pollution of the rural NCP in winter.The potential source contribution function revealed that the transported PAN mainly comes from southern Hebei in spring.In winter,the transported PAN was mainly from Langfang,Hengshui,and southern Beijing.Our findings may aid in understanding PAN variations in different seasons in rural areas and highlight the impact of regional transport on the PAN budget.

关键词： Photochemical pollution Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) Seasonal variations Regional transport Rural area

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数字平台自治的边界重构及政府监管策略研究

中国科学院院刊 2024年第3期39卷 488-497页

作者：董纪昌战飞扬李伟郭金录刘颖中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190 中国科学院大学数字经济监测预测预警与政策仿真教育部哲学社会科学实验室(培育) 北京100190 高等教育出版社北京100120

数字平台是数字时代最重要的组织形式。如何厘清数字平台自治与政府监管的边界,有效发挥数字平台的秩序维护职能,是数字经济治理的关键问题。文章首先从数字平台自治的背景出发,介绍了数字平台自治的基本模式和其面临的监管挑战;然后,... 详细信息

数字平台是数字时代最重要的组织形式。如何厘清数字平台自治与政府监管的边界,有效发挥数字平台的秩序维护职能,是数字经济治理的关键问题。文章首先从数字平台自治的背景出发,介绍了数字平台自治的基本模式和其面临的监管挑战;然后,通过对美国和欧盟数字平台自治的监管理论和法律政策进行比较分析,总结了不同监管模式的优缺点;最后,针对当前我国数字平台自治边界较为模糊,政府监管出现过度包容和过度管制的两难困境,提出在重构治理边界的基础上,由粗放式的刚性监管向审慎的柔性监管转变、由命令式监管向合作式监管转变、由事后监管向全流程监管转变的政策建议。同时,文章主张提升数字平台的合规经营水平,使其实现自我规制和主动合规,以期促进我国数字平台经济规范、健康、可持续发展。

关键词：数据要素数字平台平台经济平台自治合规监管