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The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第18期50卷 2074-2079页

作者： HE Yong DAN Li DONG Wenjie ji jinjun QIN Dahe National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100101 China

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM), the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in China is simu-lated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid-Holocene (MH) and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor af-fecting the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m2·a, 409 g/m2·a, and 355 g/m2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The ter-restrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP (LGM), and for 6 kaBP (MH) and the present the pri-mary factor is precipitation.

关键词：东亚地区季候风 AVIM 空间分布气候变化

Etherification of Ferrocenyl Alcohol by Highly-efficient Ytterbium Triflate

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第9期29卷 1887-1893页

作者： jiang, Ran Shen, Yechen Zhang, Ying Xu, Xiaoping Shao, jinjun ji, Shunjun Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China

Nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols with various aliphatic alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of ytterbium triflate [Yb（OTf）3] was studied. It was found the unsymmetrical ferrocenyl ethers could be easily obtained in excellent yields when the reactions were performed in primary and secondary alcohols. However, in other organic non-alcoholic solvents such as acetonitrile, the formation of symmetrical ferrocenyl ethers rather than unsymmetrical ones was observed.

关键词： solvolysis ferrocenyl alcohols nucleophilic substitution ytterbium

THEORY OF MULTI-YEAR OSCILLATIONS IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED SY

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Science in China,Ser.B 1982年第6期25卷 630-645页

作者：季劲钧 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica

In this paper, the phenomena of the multi-year oscillations in an ocean-atmosphere coupledsystem are discussed theoretically. We have used a zonally-averaged two-dimensional modelin which the atmospheric motion is baroclinic, and the ocean consists of two layers: the mixedlayer and thermocline. Both the atmospheric motion and oceanic motion are coupled each otherby dynamical and thermodynamical interactions. The results indicate that it is the process indeeper layer of ocean that leads to a free-oscillations with a period of about 3 years in thecoupled system. Thus, the important observational fact of the large-scale air-sea interactioncan be demonstrated.

关键词： THEORY OF MULTI-YEAR OSCILLATIONS IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED SY

Development of Land Surface Model BCC＿AVIM2.0 and Its Preliminary Performance in LS3MIP/CMIP6

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 851-869页

作者： Weiping LI Yanwu ZHANG Xueli SHI Wenyan ZHOU Anning HUANG Mingquan MU Bo QIU jinjun ji Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China CMA–NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies Nanjing University(NJU)Nanjing 210023China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Earth System Science University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA 92697-3100USA jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The improvements and validation of several parameterization schemes in the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0) are introduced in this study. The main updates include a replacement of the water-only lake module by the common land model lake module(Co LM-lake) with a more realistic snow–ice–water–soil framework, a parameterization scheme for rice paddies added in the vegetation module, renewed parameterizations of snow cover fraction and snow surface albedo to accommodate the varied snow aging effect during different stages of a snow season, a revised parameterization to calculate the threshold temperature to initiate freeze(thaw) of soil water(ice) rather than being fixed at 0°C in BCC_AVIM1.0, a prognostic phenology scheme for vegetation growth instead of empirically prescribed dates for leaf onset/fall, and a renewed scheme to depict solar radiation transfer through the vegetation canopy. The above updates have been implemented in BCC_AVIM2.0 to serve as the land component of the BCC Climate System Model(BCC_CSM). Preliminary results of BCC_AVIM in the ongoing Land Surface, Snow, and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project(LS3 MIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) show that the overall performance of BCC_AVIM2.0 is better than that of BCC_AVIM1.0 in the simulation of surface energy budgets at the seasonal timescale. Comparing the simulations of annual global land average before and after the updates in BCC_AVIM2.0 reveals that the bias of net surface radiation is reduced from-12.0 to-11.7 W m-2 and the root mean square error(RMSE) is reduced from 20.6 to 19.0 W m-2;the bias and RMSE of latent heat flux are reduced from 2.3 to-0.1 W m-2 and from 15.4 to14.3 W m-2, respectively;the bias of sensible heat flux is increased from 2.5 to 5.1 W m-2 but the RMSE is reduced from 18.4 to 17.0 W m-2.

关键词： BCC_AVIM2.0 LS3MIP CMIP6 surface radiation sensible heat flux latent heat flux

中国区域植被叶面积指数时空分布——机理模型模拟与遥感反演比较

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生态学报 2010年第11期30卷 3057-3064页

作者：黄玫季劲钧中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

叶面积指数是表征植被冠层特征的重要参数,同时也是决定生态系统净初级生产力的重要因子,它对全球变化和生态系统碳循环研究具有重要意义。目前大范围的叶面积指数只能通过遥感反演和机理模型模拟获得,而通过这两种方法获取的叶面积指... 详细信息

叶面积指数是表征植被冠层特征的重要参数,同时也是决定生态系统净初级生产力的重要因子,它对全球变化和生态系统碳循环研究具有重要意义。目前大范围的叶面积指数只能通过遥感反演和机理模型模拟获得,而通过这两种方法获取的叶面积指数都存在一定的不确定性。利用大气-植被相互作用模型(AVIM2)在0.1°×0.1°经纬度网格上模拟产生了中国区域叶面积指数并与两套使用不同遥感反演方法生成的叶面积指数在空间分布和季节变化特征方面进行了比较。通过比较说明中国区域植被叶面积指数分布主要受水分条件限制,整体呈现东南部高西北部低的趋势。中国区域植被生长的季节变化受季风影响显著,与气温及地表太阳辐射的季节变化趋势相一致。中国区域叶面积指数整体呈现夏季高、春秋季次之而冬季低的趋势。

关键词：叶面积指数 AVIM2 遥感反演样带中国区域

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60年代亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变

大气科学 2001年第2期25卷 200-208页

作者：宋燕季劲钧中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

在综合分析了近几十年气候资料的基础上，揭示了本世纪６０年代的一次亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变。这次突变在地面温度场上表现为突变前亚非大陆是正距平，印度洋和西太平洋为负距平，海陆温差较强；突变后相反，海陆温差减弱。地面气压... 详细信息

在综合分析了近几十年气候资料的基础上，揭示了本世纪６０年代的一次亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变。这次突变在地面温度场上表现为突变前亚非大陆是正距平，印度洋和西太平洋为负距平，海陆温差较强；突变后相反，海陆温差减弱。地面气压出突变前亚非大陆强热低压中心转变为突变后的弱低压中心同时突变前北非和东亚夏季风增强，而突变后明显减弱。这次十年尺度的气候突变突出表现了东亚季风、印度季风和北非季风明显的变化同步性，而最显著的特征是在行星尺度的降水场上从北非撒哈拉－萨赫勒、中东、印度北部到华北干旱半干旱带上由多雨变为少雨的雨量减少带。

关键词：夏季风气候突变干旱降水场年代际震荡

Model Estimates of Global Carbon Flux between Vegetation and the Atmospherer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 807-818页

作者：李银鹏季劲钩 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The net primary productivity (NPP) of global terrestrial vegetation is estimated by an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM). AVIM consists of two intercoupled components: physical processes, involving water and energy transfer among soil, vegetation and the atmosphere at the land surface and eco-physiological processes, i.e. photosynthesis, respiration, dry matter allocation, littering, phenology. Globally vegetation is classified into 13 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types. The estimated NPP for different vegetation types at 1637 sites are validated with the observed data provided by EMDI. The main results of NPP estimation show that global averaged NPP is 405.13 g C m(-2)yr(-1), varying from 99.58 g C m(-2)yr(-1) (tundra) to 996.2 g m(-2)yr(-1) (rainforest). Global total annual NPP is about 60.72Gt C yr(-1), in which the maximum part, about 15.84 Gt C yr(-1), accounting for 26.09% of the total is contributed by tropical rainforest. The maximum carbon sink occurs in the temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere. The global spatial and seasonal distribution of terrestrial NPP is estimated reasonably.

关键词： carbon flux net primary productivity (NPP) terrestrial ecosystem atmosphere-vegetation interaction

The integration of nitrogen dynamics into a land surface model. Part 1: model description and site-scale validation

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第1期12卷 50-57页

作者： YANG Xiujing DAN Li YANG Fuqiang PENG jing LI Yueyue GAO Dongdong ji jinjun HUANG Mei Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information and Technology Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrogen cycling has profound effects on carbon uptake in the terrestrial ecosystem and the response of the biosphere to climate ***,nutrient cycling is not taken into account in most land surface models for climate *** this study,a nitrogen model,based on nitrogen transformation processes and nitrogen fluxes exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem,was incorporated into the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(AVIM)to simulate the carbon cycle under nitrogen *** new model,AVIM-CN,was evaluated against site-scale eddy covariance–based measurements of an alpine meadow located at Damxung station from the FLUXNET 2015 *** showed that the annual mean gross primary production simulated by AVIM-CN(0.7073 gC m^-2 d^-1)was in better agreement with the corresponding flux data(0.5407 gC m^-2 d^-1)than the original AVIM(1.1403 gC m^-2 d^-1)at Damxung ***,ecosystem respiration was also down-regulated,from 1.7695 gC m^-2 d^-1 to 1.0572 gC m^-2 d^-1,after the nitrogen processes were introduced,and the latter was closer to the observed vales(0.8034 gC m^-2 d^-1).Overall,the new results were more consistent with the daily time series of carbon and energy fluxes of observations compared to the former version without nitrogen dynamics.A model that does not incorporate the limitation effects of nitrogen nutrient availability will probably overestimate carbon fluxes by about 40%.

关键词： Coupled carbon and nitrogen dynamics nitrogen limitation land surface model carbon–nitrogen–water cycles

气候变化对中国中纬度半干旱草原生产力影响机理的模拟研究

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气象学报 2005年第3期63卷 257-266页

作者：季劲钧黄玫刘青中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

应用大气植被相互作用模式(AVIM)模拟了内蒙古半干旱草原的净初级生产力和生物量。在此基础上,通过气温和降水变化的敏感性控制试验探讨了气候变化对草地初级生产力的影响机理。研究表明,无论是降水或温度的变化对草地的生产力都有显著... 详细信息

应用大气植被相互作用模式(AVIM)模拟了内蒙古半干旱草原的净初级生产力和生物量。在此基础上,通过气温和降水变化的敏感性控制试验探讨了气候变化对草地初级生产力的影响机理。研究表明,无论是降水或温度的变化对草地的生产力都有显著影响。降水增加,生产力增加。而温度增加,生产力下降。气候变化对生产力影响的机理是:降水增加改善了土壤的水分供给条件,增强了光合速率,从而提高了生产力。温度增高,一方面可以增加光合速率,另一方面却使蒸散加强,土壤变干,光合速率下降,而后一作用过程在半干旱地区大于前者,因而温度增高使生产力下降。单一气候因子敏感性试验表明,温度增高或降低2℃,年净初级生产力(NPP)变化约20%,中纬度半干旱草地地上生物量可以改变30%以上。降水量变化50%,年NPP改变37%,地上生物量将改变近30%。

关键词：气候变化影响机理中纬度草原生产力模拟研究净初级生产力地上生物量中国相互作用模式光合速率半干旱草原半干旱地区敏感性试验降水量变化控制试验降水变化作用过程气候因子干旱草地温度内蒙古下降