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Effects of Lizhong Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第34期22卷 7778-7786页

作者： Min Cheol Lee Wooram Ha jinhyeong park Junghoon Kim Yunjin Jung Byung Joo Kim Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research CenterSchool of Korean MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan 50612South Kerea Division of Pharmacology School of Korean MedicinePusan National University Yangsan 50612South Kerea College of Pharmacy Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241 South Korea

AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) and gastric emptying(GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS In normal ICR mice,the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang(ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%,P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%,P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice,which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally,in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay,Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.

关键词： Lizhong Tang Gastrointestinal disorders Motility Intestinal transit rate Gastric emptying

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Inverse design of a Si-based high-performance vertical-emitting meta-grating coupler on a220 nm silicon-on-insulator platform

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Photonics Research 2023年第6期11卷 897-905页

作者： jinhyeong YOON JAE-YONG KIM JUNHYEONG KIM HYEONHO YOON BERKAY NESELI HYO-HOON park HAMZA KURT School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea

Efficient extraction of light from a high refractive index silicon waveguide out of a chip is difficult to achieve.An inverse design approach was employed using the particle swarm optimization method to attain a vertical emitting meta-grating coupler with high coupling efficiency in a 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator platform.By carefully selecting the figure of merit and appropriately defining parameter space,unique L-shape and U-shape grating elements that boosted the out-of-plane radiation of light were obtained.In addition,a 65.7%(-1.82 dB)outcoupling efficiency and a 60.2%(-2.2 dB)fiber-to-chip vertical coupling efficiency with an 88 nm 3 dB bandwidth were demonstrated by numerical simulation.Considering fabrication constraints,the optimized complex meta-grating coupler was modified to correspond to two etching steps and was then fabricated with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process.The modified meta-grating coupler exhibited a simulated coupling efficiency of 57.5%(-2.4 d B)with a 74 nm 3-dB bandwidth in the C-band and an experimentally measured coupling efficiency of 38%(-4.2 dB).

关键词： waveguide coupling insulator

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