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Learning-based counterfactual explanations for recommendation

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 115-129页

作者： jingxuan wen Huafeng LIU Liping JING Jian YU School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University

Counterfactual explanations provide explanations by exploring the changes in effect caused by changes in cause. They have attracted significant attention in recommender system research to explore the impact of changes in certain properties on the recommendation mechanism. Among several counterfactual recommendation methods, item-based counterfactual explanation methods have attracted considerable attention because of their flexibility. The core idea of item-based counterfactual explanation methods is to find a minimal subset of interacted items(i.e., short length) such that the recommended item would topple out of the top-K recommendation list once these items have been removed from user interactions(i.e., good quality). Usually, explanations are generated by ranking the precomputed importance of items, which fails to characterize the true importance of interacted items due to separation from the explanation generation. Additionally, the final explanations are generated according to a certain search strategy given the precomputed importance. This indicates that the quality and length of counterfactual explanations are deterministic;therefore, they cannot be balanced once the search strategy is fixed. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes learning-based counterfactual explanations for recommendation(LCER) to provide counterfactual explanations based on personalized recommendations by jointly modeling the factual and counterfactual preference. To achieve consistency between the computation of importance and generation of counterfactual explanations, the proposed LCER endows an optimizable importance for each interacted item, which is supervised by the goal of counterfactual explanations to guarantee its credibility. Because of the model's flexibility, the trade-off between quality and length can be customized by setting different proportions. The experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LCER over several

关键词： recommender system explainable recommendation item-based explanation counterfactual inference counterfactual explanation

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Leveraging implicit social structures for recommendation via a Bayesian generative model

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 269-271页

作者： Huafeng LIU jingxuan wen Liping JING Jian YU School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University

Dear editor,Social recommendation leverages the social relations between users and their past behaviors to model user preferences. While social recommendation is a core component in recommendation systems, discovering... 详细信息

关键词： Recommendation system Collaborative filtering Social recommendation Social networks Generative model

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从天人之道看《周易》节卦的内涵

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当代中国价值观研究 2020年第4期5卷 64-71页

作者：文競萱北京师范大学哲学学院、价值与文化研究中心、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

《周易》中的节卦讲的是节制、限制。通过分析其卦爻辞可以知道其所论皆是简单的自然现象,节卦正是通过这些自然现象告诉人们极其朴素的道理,即“有限而止”。有限中蕴含的“时”“中”之义是“节”更为深刻的内涵。天地节而四时成,“... 详细信息

《周易》中的节卦讲的是节制、限制。通过分析其卦爻辞可以知道其所论皆是简单的自然现象,节卦正是通过这些自然现象告诉人们极其朴素的道理,即“有限而止”。有限中蕴含的“时”“中”之义是“节”更为深刻的内涵。天地节而四时成,“节”之道体现了天地生生不息之理,同时天地在运转过程中也显示出了“时”“中”之道。人们从自然界中抽象出“节”之理,依“时”“中”的原则指导生活生产,使节卦实现了天道向人道的下贯。宋明理学家对儒家形而上学体系的建构赋予“节”以必然性。因此,对“节”的持守便是向天道的回归。个体想要实现圆满的自我,必须把握天道、回归天道,在这个意义上,节卦实现了人道向天道的上通。在节卦天人贯通的过程中,其完整内涵得以呈现。

关键词：节天道时中

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结合全局信息的深度图解耦协同过滤

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计算机科学 2023年第1期50卷 41-51页

作者：郝敬宇文静轩刘华锋景丽萍于剑北京交通大学交通数据分析与挖掘北京市重点实验室北京100044 北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院北京100044

基于GCN的协同过滤模型通过用户物品交互二部图上的信息聚合过程生成用户节点和物品节点的表示,预测用户对物品的偏好。然而,这些模型大多没有考虑用户不同的交互意图,无法充分挖掘用户与物品之间的关系。已有的图解耦协同过滤模型建模... 详细信息

基于GCN的协同过滤模型通过用户物品交互二部图上的信息聚合过程生成用户节点和物品节点的表示,预测用户对物品的偏好。然而,这些模型大多没有考虑用户不同的交互意图,无法充分挖掘用户与物品之间的关系。已有的图解耦协同过滤模型建模了用户的交互意图,却忽略了图全局信息,没有考虑用户节点和物品节点的本质特征,造成表示语义不完整;并且由于受到模型迭代结构的影响,意图解耦学习的过程并不高效。针对上述问题,设计了结合全局信息的深度图解耦协同过滤模型G2DCF(Global Graph Disentangled Collaborative Filtering)。该模型构建了图全局通道和图解耦通道,分别学习节点的本质特征和意图特征;通过引入正交约束和表示独立性约束,使用户-物品的交互意图尽可能唯一防止意图退化,同时提高不同意图下表示的独立性,提升模型的解耦效果。对比已有的图协同过滤模型,G2DCF能更综合地刻画用户特征和物品特征。在3个公开数据集上进行了实验,结果表明G2DCF在多个评价指标上优于对比方法;分析了表示分布的表示独立性和表示均匀性,验证了模型的解耦效果;同时从收敛速度上进行了对比,验证了模型的有效性。

关键词：推荐系统协同过滤解耦表示学习图神经网络全局信息

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Observation of the early blood vessels of cutaneous malignant melanoma using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography A ngiography(SS-OCTA)

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2019年第4期12卷 105-115页

作者： jingxuan Liu Jinyu Fan Quan Wang wen He Caihua Dong Minxuan Sun Guohua Shi University of Science and Technology of China 230026 P.R.China Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics 215163P.R.China

Melanoma,characterized by high mortality,rapid development and accompanied with angio-genesis is the most typical malignant tumor in skin ***,the detection of blood vessels is of much *** early vascular network has small *** we remove the tumor early and biopsy it,it will increase the spread of the cancer cells and infection and *** this case,we presented a new angiography method.A high-resolution OCT system for noninvasive an-giographic imaging of early skin melanoma-Swept Source Optical Coberence Tomography Angiography(SS-OCTA)is *** a high lateral resolution of 10pm in vrivo tomographic angiography,SS-OCTA is used to image and identify the morphology of the early tumor blood *** addition,a control group experiment is conducted to observe the growth of melanoma in the process of rupture,malormation of *** results of the analysis and statistical test(P<0.05)are statistically signifcant.

关键词： Melanoma swept source optical coberence tomography angiography early vessels

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Epigenetics:Mechanisms,potential roles,and therapeutic strategies in cancer progression

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 300-314页

作者： Dong Wang Yan Zhang Qingbo Li Yu Li wen Li Ao Zhang jingxuan Xu Jingyan Meng Lin Tang Shuhua Lyu Graduate School Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Department of Pathology Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin 300121China

Mutations or abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to cause *** studies have shown that epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer development and ***,the mechanistic role of epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment is not fully ***,we reviewed the role of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and recent research advances in cancer epigenetic *** addition,we discussed the great potential of epigenetic combination therapies in the clinical treatment of ***,there are still some challenges in the field of cancer epigenetics,such as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity,epigenetic drug heterogeneity,and crosstalk between epigenetics,proteomics,metabolomics,and other omics,which may be the focus and difficulty of cancer treatment in the *** conclusion,epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment are essential for future epigenetic drug development and the comprehensive treatment of *** combination therapy may be a novel strategy for the future clinical treatment of cancer.

关键词： Cancer Epigenetics Gene expression Heterogeneity Tumor microenvironment

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Tumor-targeted metabolic inhibitor prodrug labelled with cyanine dyes enhances immunoprevention of lung cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 751-764页

作者： wen Li Jiali Huang Chen Shen Weiye Jiang Xi Yang jingxuan Huang Yueqing Gu Zhiyu Li Yi Ma Jinlei Bian State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China

Recent progress in targeted metabolic therapy of cancer has been limited by the considerable toxicity associated with such *** address this challenge,we developed a smart theranostic prodrug system that combines a fluorophore and an anticancer drug,specifically 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine(DON),using a thioketal linkage(TK).This system enables imaging,chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy,and on-demand drug release upon radiation *** optimized prodrug,DON-TK-BM3,incorporating cyanine dyes as the fluorophore,displayed potent reactive oxygen species release and efficient tumor cell *** the parent drug DON,DON-TK-BM3 exhibited no toxicity toward normal ***,DON-TK-BM3 demonstrated high tumor accumulation and reduced side effects,including gastrointestinal toxicity,in *** study provides a practical strategy for designing prodrugs of metabolic inhibitors with significant toxicity stemming from their lack of tissue selectivity.

关键词： Smart prodrug system Glutamineantagonists Immunotherapy Photodynamictherapy Reactive oxygen species Metabolicinhibitor Cyaninedye Non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)

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High-fidelity and clean nanotransfer lithography using structure-embedded and electrostatic-adhesive carriers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第1期9卷 253-261页

作者： Zhuofei Gan jingxuan Cai Zhao Sun Liyang Chen Chuying Sun Junyi Yu Zeyu Liang Siyi Min Fei Han Yu Liu Xing Cheng Shuhui Yu Dehu Cui wen-Di Li Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina The Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina

Metallic nanostructures are becoming increasingly important for both fundamental research and practical *** emerging applications employing metallic nanostructures often involve unconventional substrates that are flexible or nonplanar,making direct lithographic fabrication very *** alternative approach is to transfer prefabricated structures from a conventional substrate;however,it is still challenging to maintain high fidelity and a high yield in the transfer *** this paper,we propose a high-fidelity,clean nanotransfer lithography method that addresses the above challenges by employing a polyvinyl acetate(PVA)film as the transferring carrier and promoting electrostatic adhesion through triboelectric *** PVA film embeds the transferred metallic nanostructures and maintains their spacing with a remarkably low variation of2),and complex 3D ***,the thin and flexible carrier film enables transfer on highly curved surfaces,such as a single-mode optical fiber with a curvature radius of 62.5μ*** this strategy,we demonstrate the transfer of metallic nanostructures for a compact spectrometer with Cu nanogratings transferred on a convex lens and for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)characterization on graphene with reliable responsiveness.

关键词： transfer transferred film

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旅游援疆效率的区域差异和影响因素——基于三阶段DEA和Tobit模型

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干旱区地理 2023年第8期46卷 1366-1375页

作者：白洋胡静轩陈春燕路雯新疆历史文化旅游可持续发展重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830046 新疆大学旅游学院新疆乌鲁木齐830046 新疆理工学院新疆阿克苏843100

援疆政策的深入实施推动旅游援疆效率提升,促进新疆旅游经济高质量发展。基于三阶段数据包络分析(Data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型和Tobit模型,测度2015—2019年旅游援疆效率的区域差异及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)环境因素对旅游援... 详细信息

援疆政策的深入实施推动旅游援疆效率提升,促进新疆旅游经济高质量发展。基于三阶段数据包络分析(Data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型和Tobit模型,测度2015—2019年旅游援疆效率的区域差异及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)环境因素对旅游援疆效率影响较强,旅游援疆综合效率提升空间较大且主要受规模效率影响,效率值变化趋势为纯技术效率>规模效率>综合效率,旅游援疆效率呈现“北高南低”分布格局。(2)地区虚拟变量、投资水平、人均教育投资额、旅游资源吸引力显著正向提升旅游援疆效率。(3)从纵横相合与内外相宜视角归纳由3个时期、3个维度、7个方面构建的旅游援疆效率影响机制,提炼旅游援疆的方式变化与路径演化。研究结果对未来旅游援疆政策的宏观调整和援助资源的优化配置具有理论价值和参考意义。

关键词：旅游援疆效率区域差异影响因素三阶段DEA模型 Tobit模型

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谈真空排水系统中的气液比及其与能耗的关系

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给水排水 2010年第12期36卷 69-72页

作者：李旻周敬宣温兴锁华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院武汉430074

简述了真空排水系统中气液比的概念。分别说明了室内及室外真空排水系统中气液比的取值范围和选取原则。指出真空排水管网水力设计的最大制约因素在于压力。阐述了气液比对管道压损的作用机理。气液比既是确定真空泵所需抽气量的重要参... 详细信息

简述了真空排水系统中气液比的概念。分别说明了室内及室外真空排水系统中气液比的取值范围和选取原则。指出真空排水管网水力设计的最大制约因素在于压力。阐述了气液比对管道压损的作用机理。气液比既是确定真空泵所需抽气量的重要参数,又影响真空泵的能耗。对真空排水系统的能耗做了理论分析,对室内和室外系统的能耗做了推算和比较。

关键词：真空排水系统气液比压力损失真空泵能耗

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