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COVID-19 in children:epidemic issues and candidate vaccines

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第11期135卷 1314-1324页

作者： Peng Zhang Mingwei Wei Pengfei Jin Zhuopei li jingxin li Fengcai Zhu Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingJiangsu 210009China Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China.

A large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)in adults has been conducted for nearly a year,and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential.It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved,we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children.The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period,so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children.Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover,they likely played a significant role,according to the available literature.We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination.Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval,like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.

关键词： Adverse events COVID-19 Children COVID-19 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 transmission Vaccine safety

Systematic characterization of small RNAs associated with C.elegans Argonautes

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Science China(life Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1303-1322页

作者： Lei liu Xiaolin Wang Wenfang Zhao Qiqi li jingxin li He Chen Ge Shan Department of Laboratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCthe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui UniversityHefei230601China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory DiseasesSir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China

Argonaute proteins generally play regulatory roles by forming complexes with the corresponding small RNAs(s RNAs).An expanded Argonaute family with 20 potentially functional members has been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans.Canonical s RNAs in C.elegans are mi RNAs,small interfering RNAs including 22G-RNAs and 26G-RNAs,and 21U-RNAs,which are C.elegans pi RNAs.Previous studies have only covered some of these Argonautes for their s RNA partners,and thus,a systematic study is needed to reveal the comprehensive regulatory networks formed by C.elegans Argonautes and their associated s RNAs.We obtained in situ knockin(KI)strains of all C.elegans Argonautes with fusion tags by CRISPR/Cas9 technology.RNA immunoprecipitation against these endogenously expressed Argonautes and high-throughput sequencing acquired the s RNA profiles of individual Argonautes.The s RNA partners for each Argonaute were then analyzed.We found that there were 10Argonautes enriched mi RNAs,17 Argonautes bound to 22G-RNAs,8 Argonautes bound to 26G-RNAs,and 1 Argonaute PRG-1bound to pi RNAs.Uridylated 22G-RNAs were bound by four Argonautes HRDE-1,WAGO-4,CSR-1,and PPW-2.We found that all four Argonautes played a role in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.Regulatory roles of the corresponding Argonaute-s RNA complex in managing levels of long transcripts and interspecies regulation were also demonstrated.In this study,we portrayed the s RNAs bound to each functional Argonaute in C.elegans.Bioinformatics analyses together with experimental investigations provided perceptions in the overall view of the regulatory network formed by C.elegans Argonautes and s RNAs.The s RNA profiles bound to individual Argonautes reported here will be valuable resources for further studies.

关键词： Argonaute miRNA 22G-RNAs 26G-RNAs piRNA uridylation transgenerational inheritance interspecies

Towards Task-Free Privacy-Preserving Data Collection

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China Communications 2022年第7期19卷 310-323页

作者： Zhibo Wang Wei Yuan Xiaoyi Pang jingxin li Huajie Shao School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University430072 China School of Cyber Science and Technology Zhejiang University310027 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University710071 China Department of Computer Science College of William and MaryWilliamsburgVA23186 USA

With the rapid developments of Internet of Things(IoT)and proliferation of embedded devices,large volume of personal data are collected,which however,might carry massive private information about attributes that users do not want to share.Many privacy-preserving methods have been proposed to prevent privacy leakage by perturbing raw data or extracting task-oriented features at local devices.Unfortunately,they would suffer from significant privacy leakage and accuracy drop when applied to other tasks as they are designed and optimized for predefined tasks.In this paper,we propose a novel task-free privacy-preserving data collection method via adversarial representation learning,called TF-ARL,to protect private attributes specified by users while maintaining data utility for unknown downstream tasks.To this end,we first propose a privacy adversarial learning mechanism(PAL)to protect private attributes by optimizing the feature extractor to maximize the adversary’s prediction uncertainty on private attributes,and then design a conditional decoding mechanism(ConDec)to maintain data utility for downstream tasks by minimizing the conditional reconstruction error from the sanitized features.With the joint learning of PAL and ConDec,we can learn a privacy-aware feature extractor where the sanitized features maintain the discriminative information except privacy.Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of TF-ARL.

关键词： IoT privacy protection data collection adversarial learning deep learning

A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against the hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus H7N9

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第7期135卷 799-805页

作者： jingxin li li Zhang linlin Bao Yuxiao Wang lin Qiu Jialei Hu Rong Tang Huiyan Yu Jun Shan Yan li Chuan Qin Fengcai Zhu Department for Vaccine Clinical Evaluation NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic MicrobiologyJlangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and PreventionNanjingJiangsu 210009China Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)&Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical Collage(PUMC)Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineMinistry of HealthBeijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100101China Department of Public Health Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Background:The new emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus,causing severe human infection with a mortality rate of around 41%.This study aims to provide a novel treatment option for the prevention and control of H7N9.Methods:H7 hemagglutinin(HA)-specific B cells were isolated from peripheral blood plasma cells of the patients previously infected by H7N9 in Jiangsu Province,China.The human monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)were generated by amplification and cloning of these HA-specific B cells.First,all human mAbs were screened for binding activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Then,those mAbs,exhibiting potent affinity to recognize H7 HAs were further evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibiting(HAI)and microneutralizationin vitro assays.Finally,the lead mAb candidate was selected and tested against the lethal challenge of the H7N9 virus using murine models.Results:The mAb 6-137 was able to recognize a panel of H7 HAs with high affinity but not HA of other subtypes,including H1N1 and H3N2.The mAb 6-137 can efficiently inhibit the HA activity in the inactivated H7N9 virus and neutralize 100 tissue culture infectious dose 50(TCID_(50))of H7N9 virus(influenza A/Nanjing/1/2013)invitro,with neutralizing activity as low as 78 ng/mL.In addition,the mAb 6-137 protected the mice against the lethal challenge of H7N9 prophylactically and therapeutically.Conclusion:The mAb 6-137 could be an effective antibody as a prophylactic or therapeutic biological treatment for the H7N9 exposure or infection.

关键词： Avian influenza H7N9 Monoclonal antibody Neutralizing activity

Attention-based neural network for end-to-end music separation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第2期8卷 355-363页

作者： Jing Wang Hanyue liu Haorong Ying Chuhan Qiu jingxin li Muhammad Shahid Anwar Beijing Institute of Technology BeijingChina Communication University of China BeijingChina China Electronics Standardization Institute BeijingChina Gachon University SeongnamSouth Korea

The end-to-end separation algorithm with superior performance in the field of speech separation has not been effectively used in music separation.Moreover,since music signals are often dual channel data with a high sampling rate,how to model longsequence data and make rational use of the relevant information between channels is also an urgent problem to be solved.In order to solve the above problems,the performance of the end-to-end music separation algorithm is enhanced by improving the network structure.Our main contributions include the following:(1)A more reasonable densely connected U-Net is designed to capture the long-term characteristics of music,such as main melody,tone and so on.(2)On this basis,the multi-head attention and dualpath transformer are introduced in the separation module.Channel attention units are applied recursively on the feature map of each layer of the network,enabling the network to perform long-sequence separation.Experimental results show that after the introduction of the channel attention,the performance of the proposed algorithm has a stable improvement compared with the baseline system.On the MUSDB18 dataset,the average score of the separated audio exceeds that of the current best-performing music separation algorithm based on the time-frequency domain(T-F domain).

关键词： channel attention densely connected network end-to-end music separation

Thermal conductivity and bending strength of SiC composites reinforced by pitch-based carbon fibers

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第2期11卷 247-262页

作者： liyang CAO Yongsheng liU Yunhai ZHANG Yejie CAO jingxin li Jie CHEN Lu ZHANG Zheng QI Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composites Materials Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory Beijing 100076China

In this work,pitch-based carbon fibers were utilized to reinforce silicon carbide(SiC)composites via reaction melting infiltration(RMI)method by controlling the reaction temperature and resin carbon content.Thermal conductivities and bending strengths of composites obtained under different preparation conditions were characterized by various analytical methods.Results showed the formation of SiC whiskers(SiC_(w))during RMI process according to vapor–solid(VS)mechanism.SiC_(w) played an important role in toughening the C_(pf)/SiC composites due to crack bridging,crack deflection,and SiC_(w) pull-out.Increase in reaction temperature during RMI process led to an initial increase in thermal conductivity along in-plane and thickness directions of composites,followed by a decline.At reaction temperature of 1600℃,thermal conductivities along the in-plane and thickness directions were estimated to be 203.00 and 39.59 W/(m×K),respectively.Under these conditions,bending strength was recorded as 186.15±3.95 MPa.Increase in resin carbon content before RMI process led to the generation of more SiC matrix.Thermal conductivities along in-plane and thickness directions remained stable with desirable values of 175.79 and 38.86 W/(m×K),respectively.By comparison,optimal bending strength improved to 244.62±3.07 MPa.In sum,these findings look promising for future application of pitch-based carbon fibers for reinforcement of SiC ceramic composites.

关键词： pitch-based carbon fiber continuous carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites(C/SiC) thermal conductivity bending strength

Immunological surrogate endpoints of COVID-2019 vaccines:the evidence we have versus the evidence we need

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第3期6卷 565-570页

作者： Pengfei Jin jingxin li Hongxing Pan Yanfei Wu Fengcai Zhu Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology NanjingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina

lin response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic,over 200 vaccine candidates againstcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-2019)are under development and currently moving forward at an unparalleled speed.Theavailability of surrogate endpoints would help to avoid large-scale filed efficacy trials and facilitate the approval of vaccine candidates,which is crucial to control COVID-19 pandemic.Several phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates are underway,which provide opportunities for the determination of COVID-19 correlates of protection.In this paper,we review currentknowledge for existence of COVD-19 correlates of protection,methods for assessment of immune correlates of protection andissues related to COVID-19 correlates of protection.

关键词： endpoint moving approval

Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Caused by Norovirus GII.4 Sydney[P31]Strains—China,October 2016–December 2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第53期3卷 1127-1132,I0001页

作者： Xi Zhu Yaqing He Xingyan Wei Xiangyu Kong Qing Zhang jingxin li Miao Jin Zhaojun Duan Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijingChina Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShenzhenGuangdongChina.

Introduction:Human noroviruses are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis(AGE)worldwide in all age groups.GII.4 strains have been the predominant genotype circulating globally over the last 2 decades and since 2012.GII.4 Sydney viruses have emerged and caused the majority of AGE outbreaks worldwide.Methods:Data from norovirus outbreaks from the laboratory-based surveillance of norovirus outbreaks in China(CaliciNet China)between October 2016–December 2020 were analyzed.Results:During October 2016–December 2020,1,954 norovirus outbreaks were reported,and positive fecal samples from 1,352(69.19%)outbreaks were genotyped.GII.4 Sydney[P31]viruses accounted for 2.1%(October 2016–August 2017),5.5%(September 2017–August 2018),3.3%(September 2018–August 2018),26.6%(September 2019–August 2020),and and 1.1%(September 2020–December 2020)of GII outbreaks,respectively.Compared to reference strains of GII.4 Sydney[P31]from 2012 to 2013,7 amino acid mutations in epitopes[A(297,372 and 373),B(333),E(414),and H(309 and 310)]and 1 in human histo-blood group antigens binding site at site II 372 were found by analyzing 9 GII.4 Sydney[P31]complete genomic sequences.Conclusions:This report identified the genomic variation of GII.4 Sydney[P31]from CaliciNet China.Continued surveillance with prompt genotyping and genetic analysis is necessary to monitor the emergence of novel GII.4 variants.

关键词： Sydney GII prompt

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主持人导语:书法艺术如何切入苏学(下)

海南热带海洋学院学报 2024年第3期31卷 38-43页

作者：李景新海南热带海洋学院海南省苏学研究会海南省书法家协会海南省期刊协会

文化强国是我国新时代的治国方略。增强文化自信和历史自觉,挖掘弘扬博大精深的中华优秀传统文化并运用于现实,是实现文化强国的必由之路。以苏东坡为核心的苏学文化乃中华优秀传统文化的典范,苏学书法则是苏学文化的重要构成部分。我... 详细信息

文化强国是我国新时代的治国方略。增强文化自信和历史自觉,挖掘弘扬博大精深的中华优秀传统文化并运用于现实,是实现文化强国的必由之路。以苏东坡为核心的苏学文化乃中华优秀传统文化的典范,苏学书法则是苏学文化的重要构成部分。我在《书法艺术如何切入苏学(上)》中计划分两大板块进行阐述,即“学术研究板块”和“实践应用板块”,并就“学术研究板块”从十大方面进行了简略阐发。

关键词：中华优秀传统文化历史自觉主持人文化强国书法艺术学术研究增强文化自信苏学