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Nonlinear encoding in diffractive information processing using linear optical materials

light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1675-1688页

作者： Yuhang li jingxi li Aydogan Ozcan Electrical&Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Nonlinear encoding of optical information can be achieved using various forms of data ***,we analyze the performances of different nonlinear information encoding strategies that can be employed in diffractive optical processors based on linear materials and shed light on their utility and performance gaps compared to the state-of-the-art digital deep neural *** a comprehensive evaluation,we used different datasets to compare the statistical inference performance of simpler-to-implement nonlinear encoding strategies that involve,e.g.,phase encoding,against data repetition-based nonlinear encoding *** show that data repetition within a diffractive volume(e.g.,through an optical cavity or cascaded introduction of the input data)causes the loss of the universal linear transformation capability of a diffractive optical ***,data repetition-based diffractive blocks cannot provide optical analogs to fully connected or convolutional layers commonly employed in digital neural ***,they can still be effectively trained for specific inference tasks and achieve enhanced accuracy,benefiting from the nonlinear encoding of the input *** results also reveal that phase encoding of input information without data repetition provides a simpler nonlinear encoding strategy with comparable statistical inference accuracy to data repetition-based diffractive *** analyses and conclusions would be of broad interest to explore the push-pull relationship between linear material-based diffractive optical systems and nonlinear encoding strategies in visual information processors.

关键词： nonlinear simpler Nonlinear

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High-throughput terahertz imaging:progress and challenges

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light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 2053-2073页

作者： Xurong li jingxi li Yuhang li Aydogan Ozcan Mona Jarrahi Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA 90095USA

Many exciting terahertz imaging applications,such as non-destructive evaluation,biomedical diagnosis,and security screening,have been historically limited in practical usage due to the raster-scanning requirement of imaging systems,which impose very low imaging ***,recent advancements in terahertz imaging systems have greatly increased the imaging throughput and brought the promising potential of terahertz radiation from research laboratories closer to real-world ***,we review the development of terahertz imaging technologies from both hardware and computational imaging *** introduce and compare different types of hardware enabling frequency-domain and time-domain imaging using various thermal,photon,and field image sensor *** discuss how different imaging hardware and computational imaging algorithms provide opportunities for capturing time-of-flight,spectroscopic,phase,and intensity image data at high ***,the new prospects and challenges for the development of future high-throughput terahertz imaging systems are briefly introduced.

关键词： hardware closer terahertz

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A Review of Microplastics in China Marine Waters

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第5期22卷 1326-1340页

作者： GAO Fenglei li jingxi HU Jun li Xianguo SUN Chengjun Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Research Vessel Operation Center First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China

Microplastics(<5 mm)are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human *** the sink of microplastics,the ocean,especially the densely populated coastal area,has become a ho... 详细信息

Microplastics(ling,extraction,and identification methodologies of China's microplastic *** to the sampling method,the 30 reviewed studies were separated into two categories,trawl sampling and bulk sampling,to summarize relevant data,including abundance,sizes,shapes,colors and polymer types of *** main results showed that the distribution of microplastics in China's marine environment varied significantly,with offshore mariculture zones and the South China Sea being the most contaminated ***,granules(or pellets)and fibers were the most dominant microplastic colors and shapes,and the size of microplastics was influenced significantly by the sampling ***(PE),polypropylene(PP)and polystyrene(PS)were the most common polymer types found in the China Sea,accounting for 49.96%,29.97%,and 12.38%of the total studies,*** with other global data,China's coastal microplastic pollution is at an intermediate level and does not seem to be a major microplastic pollution source.

关键词： microplastics seawater trawl sampling bulk sampling China

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Effect analysis of the intentional depressurization on fission product behavior during TMLB' severe accident

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2009年第6期20卷 373-379页

作者： HUANG Gaofeng li jingxi TONG lili CAO Xuewu School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

It has been found that the pressure in the reactor coolant system (RCS) remains high in some severe accident sequences at the time of reactor vessel failure, with the risk of causing direct containment heating (DCH). Intentional depressurization is an effective accident management strategy to prevent DCH or to mitigate its consequences. Fission product behavior is affected by intentional depressurization, especially for inert gas and volatile fission product. Because the pressurizer power-operated relief valves (PORVs) are latched open, fission product will transport into the containment directly. This may cause larger radiological consequences in containment before reactor vessel failure. Four cases are selected, including the TMLB' base case and the opening one, two and three pressurizer PORVs. The results show that inert gas transports into containment more quickly when opening one and two PORVs, but more slowly when opening three PORVs; more volatile fission product deposit in containment and less in reactor coolant system (RCS) for intentional depressurization cases. When opening one PORV, the phenomenon of revaporization is strong in the RCS.

关键词：裂变产物控制产品严重事故减压故意行为反应堆冷却剂系统雷达散射截面

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Distribution pattern and geochemical analysis of rare earth elements in deep-ocean sediments

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2021年第1期39卷 79-88页

作者： jingxi li Chengjun SUN Fenghua JIANG Fenglei GAO Yifan ZHENG Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China

The content and distribution pattern of rare earth elements(REEs)in surface sediments from the Eastern and Western Pacifi c Ocean,the Northern and Southern Atlantic Ocean,and the Southwestern Indian Ocean were explored and the resources and geochemical characteristics of REEs in deep-ocean sediments from diff erent oceans were *** total REE abundances(ΣREE)in the diff erent oceans ranged as follows:Eastern Pacifi c,56.88–500.02μg/g;Western Pacifi c,290.68–439.94μg/g;Northern Atlantic,55.33–154.90μg/g;Southern Atlantic,40.83–69.30μg/g;and Southwestern Indian Ocean,20.24–64.76μg/*** corresponding LREE(La-Eu)/HREE(Gd-Lu)average values were 5.18,5.86,9.01,5.21,and 4.59,which indicated that the light REEs were all evidently enriched.δEu andδCe showed slight Eu-negative anomalies and signifi cant Ce-positive anomalies in all *** the contents of REEs in the sediments varied among the diff erent oceans,the distribution patterns of REEs were similar,and the correlation coeffi cient was greater than *** the Eastern Pacifi c sediments,ΣREE showed a signifi cantly positive correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and a weak correlation with *** the Western Pacifi c and Southern Atlantic sediments,ΣREE presented no obvious correlation and a weakly negative correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and Fe,respectively.ΣREE in the Southwestern Indian Ocean sediments positively correlated with Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo,Fe,and had a weakly negative correlation with Co.

关键词： rare earth elements(REE)geochemistry distribution pattern REE fractionation marine sediment

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Model comparisons on molten core-concrete interactions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2009年第4期20卷 251-256页

作者： TONG lili CAO Xuewu li jingxi YANG Yajun School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

Based on the plant model of 600-MW PWR,the molten core-concrete interactions(MCCI) under different models are *** blackout (SBO) with steam-driven auxiliary feed water pump failure is selected as the case for the model comparisons *** result shows that thermal resistance model between debris and concrete has much influence on the consequence of *** concrete erosion rate calculated with gas film model is much higher than that of slag film *** other model comparisons such as the chemical reaction heat and the configuration molten pool are also discussed.

关键词：压水反应堆核技术 MCCI PWR

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All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1122-1139页

作者： jingxi li Yuhang li Tianyi Gan Che-Yung Shen Mona Jarrahi Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA

Complex field imaging,which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects,can offer rich structural insights into samples,such as their absorption and refractive index ***,conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a *** limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods,often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms,leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational ***,we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital *** design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field,forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design,axially spanning~100 *** intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field,eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction *** experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum,with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical *** envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security,biomedical imaging,sensing and material science,among others.

关键词： field. utilize collective

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Polarization multiplexed diffractive computing:all-optical implementation of a group of linear transformations through a polarization-encoded diffractive network

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light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1423-1442页

作者： jingxi li Yi-Chun Hung Onur Kulce Deniz Mengu Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Research on optical computing has recently attracted significant attention due to the transformative advances in machine *** different approaches,diffractive optical networks composed of spatially-engineered transmissive surfaces have been demonstrated for all-optical statistical inference and performing arbitrary linear transformations using passive,free-space optical ***,we introduce a polarization-multiplexed diffractive processor to all-optically perform multiple,arbitrarily-selected linear transformations through a single diffractive network trained using deep *** this framework,an array of pre-selected linear polarizers is positioned between trainable transmissive diffractive materials that are isotropic,and different target linear transformations(complex-valued)are uniquely assigned to different combinations of input/output polarization *** transmission layers of this polarization-multiplexed diffractive network are trained and optimized via deep learning and error-backpropagation by using thousands of examples of the input/output fields corresponding to each one of the complex-valued linear transformations assigned to diffferent input/output polarization *** results and analysis reveal that a single diffractive network can successfully approximate and all-optically implement a group of arbitrarily-selected target transformations with a negligible error when the number of trainable diffractive features/neurons(N)approaches N_(p)N_(i)N_(o),where Ni and N_(o) represent the number of pixels at the input and output fields-of-view,respectively,and N_(p) refers to the number of unique linear transformations assigned to different input/output polarization *** polarization-multiplexed all-optical diffractive processor can find various applications in optical computing and polarization-based machine vision tasks.

关键词： valued arbitrarily Polarization

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Universal linear intensity transformations using spatially incoherent diffractive processors

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light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1830-1856页

作者： Md Sadman Sakib Rahman Xilin Yang jingxi li Bijie Bai Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Under spatially coherent light,a diffractive optical network composed of structured surfaces can be designed to perform any arbitrary complex-valued linear transformation between its input and output fields-of-view(FOVs)if the total number(N)of optimizable phase-only diffractive features is≥~2N_(i)N_(o),where Ni and No refer to the number of useful pixels at the input and the output FOVs,*** we report the design of a spatially incoherent diffractive optical processor that can approximate any arbitrary linear transformation in time-averaged intensity between its input and output *** spatially incoherent monochromatic light,the spatially varying intensity point spread function(H)of a diffractive network,corresponding to a given,arbitrarily-selected linear intensity transformation,can be written as H(m,n;m′,n′)=|h(m,n;m′,n′)|^(2),where h is the spatially coherent point spread function of the same diffractive network,and(m,n)and(m′,n′)define the coordinates of the output and input FOVs,*** numerical simulations and deep learning,supervised through examples of input-output profiles,we demonstrate that a spatially incoherent diffractive network can be trained to all-optically perform any arbitrary linear intensity transformation between its input and output if N≥~2N_(i)N_(o).We also report the design of spatially incoherent diffractive networks for linear processing of intensity information at multiple illumination wavelengths,operating ***,we numerically demonstrate a diffractive network design that performs all-optical classification of handwritten digits under spatially incoherent illumination,achieving a test accuracy of>95%.Spatially incoherent diffractive networks will be broadly useful for designing all-optical visual processors that can work under natural light.

关键词： spatially intensity arbitrary

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Effect of hydrogen combustion in the primary pump compartment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2012年第6期23卷 369-373页

作者： li jingxi TONG lili CAO Xuewu School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Hydrogen combustion in a nuclear power plant may threaten the integrity of some important systems and *** this paper,the effect of hydrogen combustion in the primary pump compartment is analyzed by different initial hydrogen concentration and igniter locations using Computational Fluid Dynamics *** results show that the combustion is confined to a limited area without pump damage at about 6.6%hydrogen volume *** igniting the hydrogen,the combustion affects the whole compartment at the 12%hydrogen volume *** stress caused by the great temperature gradient or high temperature may damage the primary pump. Igniters at the lower location accelerate the combustion process and cause a threat to the pump integrity.

关键词：氢燃烧泵舱计算流体力学方法氢气燃烧点火位置体积分数温度梯度燃烧过程

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