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对长趾辽宁鸟的重新认识(英文)

古脊椎动物学报 2012年第1期50卷 25-37页

作者：邹晶梅中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室北京100044

早期发现于中国东北热河群的今鸟类化石多呈高度零散保存,本文对于惟一已知的长趾辽宁鸟( Liaoningornis longidigitrus) 标本的研究表明,该分类单元实际上是反鸟类的成员。虽然材料保存较差且破碎,但缺失发达的胸骨、胫骨脊和退化的脚... 详细信息

早期发现于中国东北热河群的今鸟类化石多呈高度零散保存,本文对于惟一已知的长趾辽宁鸟( Liaoningornis longidigitrus) 标本的研究表明,该分类单元实际上是反鸟类的成员。虽然材料保存较差且破碎,但缺失发达的胸骨、胫骨脊和退化的脚爪,显示其应该被排除于更为进步的鸟胸类( ornithothoracines) 之外。辽宁鸟与所有已知的反鸟均有显著不同,但显示了与西班牙发现的 Eoalulavis hoyasi 的相似性: 它们相似的胸骨特征表明二者可能存在较密切的关系,尽管与其他反鸟类的不同表明,这可能是个体发育造成的假相。由于辽宁鸟标本过于零碎,因此目前难以确定其在反鸟类系统发育中的位置。

关键词：义县组反鸟类今鸟类今鸟形类辽宁鸟

晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick.Arnold k.tarzyna Janiszewsk. 李茜 jingmai k.o'connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland k.y Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck.consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back.more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is k.own concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark.*** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck.strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes ak.n to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

辽西早白垩世今鸟类一基干有喙新属种(英文)

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古脊椎动物学报 2012年第1期50卷 9-24页

作者：周爽周忠和邹晶梅中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室北京100044 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

根据发现于辽宁西部建昌早白垩世九佛堂组一件保存较为完好的标本,描述了原始今鸟类一新属种,李氏叉尾鸟(Schizooura lii *** ***.)。系统发育分析表明,它较建昌鸟和古喙鸟进步,但又较热河生物群中其他已知的今鸟类原始。这一新种叉骨... 详细信息

根据发现于辽宁西部建昌早白垩世九佛堂组一件保存较为完好的标本,描述了原始今鸟类一新属种,李氏叉尾鸟(Schizooura lii *** ***.)。系统发育分析表明,它较建昌鸟和古喙鸟进步,但又较热河生物群中其他已知的今鸟类原始。这一新种叉骨呈Ⅴ型,且具有一短的叉骨突,这是这一特征首次在早白垩世今鸟中发现。其胸骨加长,后缘无窗孔,且无很深的凹口。肱骨三角肌脊膨大,近乎达到肱骨长的一半。新鸟的头骨保存较好,显示其具喙的特征,前颌骨直接与额骨相关节。值得关注的是,这件标本首次展示了在中生代鸟类中,除扇形尾羽之外的第二种尾羽类型。新标本具叉形尾羽,中间分隔明显。对现生鸟类的研究表明,叉尾型的空气动力学效率比扇尾型要低,但在性选择方面具有优势。这一新的发现说明,在热河生物群生活的森林环境中,今鸟类的基干种类在尾羽性状上或许已经存在着不同的选择策略。

关键词：辽宁建昌早白垩世九佛堂组今鸟类喙舵羽叉尾型

Public perspectives on AI diagnosis of mental illness

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 348-351页

作者： Cliodhna o'connor University College Dublin DublinIreland

To the editor:Psychiatric theory,policy and practice are currently grappling with the risk. and opportunities presented by artificial intelligence(AI)applications in mental *** data to generate diagnosis is an aspect of mental healthcare where AI is anticipated to have the greatest and soonest impact.1-4 While such technologies remain some distance from clinical application,preliminary evidence suggests AI-derived classifications may predict certain treatment outcomes and clinical trajectories,and could soon become available to supplement or replace traditional manual-based diagnostic assessment.

关键词： diagnosis replace editor

Blood biomark.rs of Alzheimer’s disease:important considerations for use in clinical practice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah Fullam Sean o’Dowd Antoinette o’connor Department of Neurology Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity College DublinIreland

Introduction:Fluid and positron emission tomography(PET)biomark.rs that enable the detection of the hallmark.proteins of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amyloid and tau)have revolutionized our approach to the diagnosis of *** evolution of AD diagnostic criteria to include biological characterization(Alzheimer’s Association Work.ng Group,2023)provides an appropriate framework.to reduce levels of clinico-pathologic mismatch and improve in-vivo diagnostic *** the therapeutic landscape for neurodegenerative disease evolves,it is increasingly incumbent on clinicians to provide timely,and pathologically precise diagnoses for ***,the expensive and invasive nature of these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blood Alzheimer diagnosis

Steroidal scaffold decorations in Solanum alk.loid biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucier Mohamed o.k.mileen Yok. Nak.mura Sofiia Serediuk.Ranjit Barbole Jens Wurlitzer Maritta k.nert Sarah Heinick. Sarah E.o'connor Prashant D.Sonawane Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Research Group Biosynthesis and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Biochemical Sciences Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Steroidal glycoalk.loids(SGAs)are specialized metabolites produced by hundreds of Solanum species,including important vegetable crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has been k.own that SGAs play important roles in defense in plants and“anti-nutritional"effects(e.g.,toxicity and bitterness)to humans,many of these molecules have documented anti-cancer,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyretic *** these,α-solasonine andα-solamargine isolated from black.nightshade(Solanum nigrum)are reported to have potent anti-tumor,anti-proliferative,and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine andα-solamargine,along with the core steroidal aglycone solasodine,are the most widespread SGAs produced among the Solanum ***,it is still unk.own how plants synthesize these bioactive steroidal *** comparative metabolomictranscriptome-guided approach,biosynthetic logic,combinatorial expression in Nicotiana benthamiana,and functional recombinant enzyme assays,here we report the discovery of 12 enzymes from *** that converts the starting cholesterol precursorto solasodine aglycone,and the downstreamα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGA *** further identified six enzymes from cultivated eggplant that catalyze the production ofα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGAs from solasodine aglycone via glycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work.provides the gene tool box and platform for engineering the production of high-value,steroidal bioactive molecules inheterologoushosts usingsyntheticbiology.

关键词： steroidal glycoalk.loids Solanum biosynthetic pathway α-solamargine malonyl-solamargine specialized metabolites

Preface to the Special Issue on Modeling and Data Analysis Methods for the SMILE mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 1-4页

作者： TianRan Sun Hyunju connor Andrey Samsonov National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China NASA Goddard Space Flight Center US Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonUK

The SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link.Explorer)project(http://***/smile/,https://***/web/smile/mission)is a joint spacecraft mission of the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)with an expected launch in *** aims to study the global interactions of solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere innovatively by imaging the Earth’s magnetosheath and cusps in soft X-rays and the northern auroral region in ultraviolet(UV)while simultaneously measuring plasma and magnetic field parameters in the solar wind and magnetosheath along a highly-elliptical and highly-inclined *** special issue is composed of 22 articles,presenting recent progress in modeling and data analysis techniques developed for the SMILE *** this preface,we categorize the articles into the following seven topics and provide brief summaries:(1)instrument descriptions of the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI),(2)numerical modeling of the X-ray signals,(3)data processing of the X-ray images,(4)boundary tracing methods from the simulated images,(5)physical phenomena and a mission concept related to the scientific goals of SMILE-SXI,(6)studies of the aurora,and(7)ground-based support for SMILE.

关键词： SMILE X-ray imaging magnetosphere auroral ionosphere

Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin H.k.connor S.Hoilijok. M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-k.mpf U.Ganse k.Papadak.s M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing *** Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link.Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thank. to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)*** earlier modeling work. have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space *** investigate the possible signatures of ion-k.netic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator *** simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic *** first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial *** then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the *** results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will lik.ly be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray *** instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this ***,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath

关键词： magnetosphere magnetosheath numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves

Mshpy23:a user-friendly,parameterized model of magnetosheath conditions

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 89-104页

作者： Jaewoong Jung Hyunju connor Andrew Dimmock.Steve Sembay Andrew Read Jan Soucek NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSweden University of Leicester LeicesterUK Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind−Magnetosphere−Ionosphere Link.Explorer(SMILE)will observe magnetosheath and its boundary motion in soft X-rays for understanding magnetopause reconnection modes under various solar wind conditions after their respective launches in 2024 and *** conditions,namely,plasma density,velocity,and temperature,are k.y parameters for predicting and analyzing soft X-ray images from the LEXI and SMILE *** developed a userfriendly model of magnetosheath that parameterizes number density,velocity,temperature,and magnetic field by utilizing the global Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model as well as the pre-existing gas-dynamic and analytic *** this parameterized magnetosheath model,scientists can easily reconstruct expected soft X-ray images and utilize them for analysis of observed images of LEXI and SMILE without simulating the complicated global magnetosphere ***,we created an MHD-based magnetosheath model by running a total of 14 openGGCM global MHD simulations under 7 solar wind densities(1,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 cm)and 2 interplanetary magnetic field Bz components(±4 nT),and then parameterizing the results in new magnetosheath *** compared the magnetosheath model result with THEMIS statistical data and it showed good agreement with a weighted Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.77,especially for plasma density and plasma ***,we compiled a suite of magnetosheath models incorporating previous magnetosheath models(gas-dynamic,analytic),and did two case studies to test the *** MHD-based model was comparable to or better than the previous models while providing self-consistency among the magnetosheath ***,we constructed a tool to calculate a soft X-ray image from any given vantage point,which can support the planning and data analysis of the aforementioned LEXI and SMILE missions.A release of the code has been uploaded to a Git

关键词： magnetosheath python modeling