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Evolution of inclusions in vacuum induction melting of superalloys containing 70%return material

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 719-728页

作者： Jin-guo Gao Shu-lei Yang Shu-feng Yang jing-she li Wei liu Meng-jing Zhao An-ren Wang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Metallurgical and Building Materials Business Department China International Engineering Consulting CorporationBeijing 100048China

The variation law of inclusions type and size in the vacuum induction melting process and ingot of Ni-based superalloy containing 70%return material was studied by industrial test sampling,and the mechanism of inclusions formation was analyzed with thermodynamic *** results show that there are mainly two types of composite inclusions in the vacuum induction melting of Ni-based superalloys,which are nitride-and oxide-based composite inclusions,like Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-Cr_(2)O_(3),TiN-(Mo,Nb)C,*** type and proportion of inclusions from the center to the edge of the vacuum induction ingot did not change *** number density of inclusions from the center to the edge of the ingot varied less,and the size of inclusions became smaller from the center to the *** addition,thermodynamic calculations show that oxides(M_(2)O_(3))are present in the liquid phase and mainly contain Al,Ti,Cr,Fe and O *** nitride consists mainly of Ti and N and contains small amounts of Cr,C,Nb,and Mo *** is consistent with the results of industrial *** the temperature decreases,the precipitation phases such as M_(2)O_(3),MN,γ,MC,δ,γ'andμphases are gradually precipitated,where oxides and nitrides are present in the liquid *** contents of O and N elements are the main influencing factors for the inclusions content and precipitation temperature;when the nitrogen content is reduced to below 0.0015%,it can make MN precipitate below the liquid-phase line.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy Vacuum induction melting Return material Inclusion Thermodynamic

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Thermodynamic analysis on the formation mechanism of MgO·Al_2O_3 spinel type inclusions in casing steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第1期17卷 32-38页

作者： Hai-yan Tang jing-she li School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

MgO·Al2O3 spinel type inclusions in casing steel were analyzed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results show that there are three forms. One is pure MgO·Al2O3 spinel, another is the composite oxide of the Mg-Al-Ca-Si-O system, and the third is the complex with oxide as a core covered by sulfide. The formation mechanisms were studied. The influences of slag basicity and vacuum degree on the magnesium content during the vacuum treatment of molten steel and furnace lining in molten steel were calculated with the coexistence theory of slag structure. The results show that the magnesium content increases with the increase in slag basicity and aluminum content in molten steel, and decreases with the increase in CO partial pressure.

关键词： magnesium-aluminum spinel basicity theoretical model formation mechanism

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Effects of the width and thickness of slabs on broadening in continuous casting

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第6期17卷 723-728页

作者： Jian-xun Fu jing-she li Hui Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China National Engineering Research Center of Continuous Casting Technology Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

A 3D viscoelastic-plastic thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model was built on the basis of the secondary development of the commercial software ***. Numerical simulations were performed to study slab broadening in the secondary cooling zone. The effects of slab width and thickness on slab broadening were considered. The obtained results reveal that the width broadening is noticeable, and the ratio of ultimate broadening slightly increases with the increase of slab width. This agrees well with the measured data in practice. There is no obvious increase in ultimate broadening when the thickness of slabs increases.

关键词： continuous casting slabs broadening finite element method

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Effect of nonmetallic inclusions on localized corrosion of spring steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第3期28卷 390-397页

作者： Wei-ning Shi Shu-feng Yang jing-she li School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Certain inclusions in high-strength 60Si2Mn-Cr spring steel result in poor resistance to localized *** this work,to study the effect of inclusions on the localized corrosion behavior of spring steel,accelerated corrosion tests were performed by immersing spring steel in 3wt%FeCl_(3)solution for different *** results show that severe corrosion occurred in areas of clustered CaS *** inclusions containing Ca and Mg induced the strongest localized corrosion *** the case of(Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions,the ability to induce localized corrosion susceptibility is ranked as follows:MgS>CaS>***,CaS,(Ca,Mn)S,and(Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions were mainly responsible for inducing environmental embrittlement.

关键词： steel localized corrosion inclusions accelerated corrosion tests

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Development and application of a multi-graphite electrode DC plasma tundish heating

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第11期29卷 1800-1806页

作者： Yong Wang Cun Wang Meng-jing Zhao jing-xin Song Shu-feng Yang jing-she li School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Aobang Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing 101400China Meishan I&S Co.of Baowu Group Nanjing 210039JiangsuChina

The world’s first three-graphite electrode direct current(DC)plasma heating system(2500 kW)was successfully put into production on the 50-t tundish of a two-strand slab *** single metallic torch plasma tundish heaters were *** addition,the induction heating system was also *** three-graphite electrode DC plasma tundish heating(PTH)system does not require any electrode to be fitted to the *** electrodes can be used to realize uniform and fast heating of the six-strand *** with high power can effectively eliminate the steep temperature drop of the molten steel in the tundish during ladle *** system has turned out to be very reliable,simple,and *** heating rate is high within 0.5 to 2.0℃/*** heats with ultra-low superheat(2.6-11.0℃)were observed,and the molten steels were successfully cast by the powerful heating capacity and good control performance of the system in the practical *** can be concluded that continuous casting with superheat of 5-10℃in the tundish was fully realistic with PTH.

关键词： Plasma tundish heating Superheat Center segregation Graphite electrode

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Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第2期17卷 143-148页

作者： jing Jiang jing-she li Hua-jie Wu Shu-feng Yang Tao li Hai-yan Tang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling *** is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence *** dramatically increases the peak concentration time,and greatly decreases the dead volume,and reduces the minimum residence *** gas blowing location,gas flow rate,and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle,smaller gas flow rate,and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow *** gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand *** produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and ***,introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal,and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.

关键词： continuous casting tundish water modeling gas blowing porous plug

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Modification of MgO·Al_2O_3 spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第1期18卷 18-23页

作者： Shu-feng Yang jing-she li Zai-fei Wang Jiao li lin lin School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The modification of MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment has been studied by industrial trials and thermodynamic *** the industrial trials,samples were taken systematically during the refining process in which the molten steel was treated by calcium,and the characters of the inclusions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectra （EDS）.The effects of Ca-treatment were evaluated by tracking the compositions of the *** results show that the modification of MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment is effective and the transformation sequence of the inclusions during the refining is Al2O3 →MgO·Al2O3 →liquid complex *** modification of spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment was calculated by FactSage 6.0 utilizing its free-energy minimization *** results of thermodynamic calculations indicate that spinel inclusions are easier to be modified than Al2O3 inclusions and the spinel inclusions in 30CrMo steel would transform to liquid complex inclusions when the content of dissolved Ca in the molten steel exceeds 1×***,the results show that adding more calcium into the molten steel would lower the contents of Al2O3 and MgO and increase the CaO content of the inclusions,while the change in SiO2 content is little.

关键词： steel metallurgy inclusions magnesia alumina chemical modification thermodynamics

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Fluid flow in large-capacity horizontal continuous casting tundishes

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第3期17卷 262-266页

作者： Shu-feng Yang jing-she li jing Jiang Xiao-chuan lin lin lin School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The configuration of the tundish for a two-strand horizontal continuous caster was designed and optimized through water modeling. Three designs of the tundish were studied： the original tundish without any flow control devices, the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor at the bottom, and the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam. The residence time, the location and size of the dead zone, and the fluid field pattern were investigated. At the same time, the asymmetry flow field and wavy inlet jet in the horizontal tundish were observed and the reasons for them were discussed. The results indicate that the mndish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam is the best of the three designs.

关键词： continuous casting fluid flow tundish water modeling

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Temperature-dependent evolution of oxide inclusions during heat treatment of stainless steel with yttrium addition

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第6期27卷 754-763页

作者： Xue-liang Zhang Shu-feng Yang jing-she li Jin-qiang Wu School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Material Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA Center for Innovation through Visualization and Simulation Purdue University NorthwestHammondIN 46323USA

The evolution of oxide inclusions during isothermal heating of 18Cr–8Ni stainless steel with yttrium addition at temperatures of 1273 to 1573 K was investigated *** spherical Al–Y–Si(–Mn–Cr)oxide inclusions were observed in as-cast *** heating,most of the homogeneous inclusions were transformed into heterogeneous inclusions with Y-rich and Al-rich parts,even though some homogeneous oxide particles were still observed at 1273 and 1573 *** the increase in heating temperature,more large-sized inclusions were *** shape of the inclusions also changed from spherical to *** maximum transformation temperature of inclusions was determined to be 1373 *** evolution mechanism of inclusions during heating was proposed to be the combined effect of the(i)internal transformation of inclusions due to the crystallization of glassy oxide and(ii)interfacial reaction between inclusions and steel ***,the internal transformation of inclusions was considered to be the main factor at heating temperatures less than 1473 K.

关键词： stainless steel rare earth metals oxide inclusions heating temperature

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Numerical model of inclusion separation from liquid metal with consideration of dissolution in slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第11期26卷 1147-1153页

作者： Wei liu Shu-feng Yang jing-she li Feng Wang Hong-bo Yang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

The transport of inclusion particles through the liquid metal/molten slag interface and their dissolution in the slag are two key processes of inclusion *** on the latest version of inclusion transport model that takes into account full Reynolds number range and a dissolution kinetics model,a coupled model was developed to simulate the whole process of inclusion removal,from floating in the liquid steel to crossing the interface and further to entering and dissolving in the molten *** interaction between the inclusion motion and dissolution was *** though the inclusion velocity is a key parameter for dissolution,the simulation results show no obvious dissolution during moving state because the process is too short and most of the inclusions dissolve during its static stay in the slag side above the *** rate-controlling step of inclusion removal is the transport through the steel-slag interface for the small-size inclusion and static dissolution above the interface for the large-size inclusion,respectively.

关键词： Inclusion removal Slag dissolution-Inclusion separation Clean steel Secondary refining

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