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Room temperature self-healing liquid metals:capabilities,applications and challenges

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第3期15卷 469-501页

作者： chen Hua Jianye Gao jing liu Key Lab of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Self-healing materials span diverse application fields,including flexible electronics,soft robotics,and energy ***,conventional self-healing materials pose a challenge in achiev-ing the delicate balance between flexibility and electrical ***,they also suffer from prolonged healing times,incomplete healing,and high manufacturing *** metals possess excellent self-healing capabilities owing to their unique combination of fluidic and metallic properties,high surface tension,and reversible solid-liquid phase change at room temperature,offering an intriguing material option for addressing the challenges associated with flexibility and elec-trical *** this review article,we comprehensively examine the domain of self-healing liquid metals from the standpoint of typical mechanisms underlying self-healing pro-cesses,as well as practical strategies employed for achieving such ***,we explore representative applications that showcase the potential of these materials while aiming to provide a valuable reference for advancing and enhancing the field of self-healing *** pro-spect along this direction is made.

关键词： Self-healing Liquid metal Smart materials

Surface reconstruction of heterostructures in alkaline medium towards enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2636-2647页

作者： Ming-Yang Yang Ji Yuan Xue-Lian Fu jing-jing chen jing Hu Zhou-Guang Lu chen liu Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Electrocatalytic MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Constructing heterostructures has proved to be a successful strategy to fabricate electrocatalysts with high efficiency for water ***,the structure evolution in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction lacks investigation and the specific active center remains ***,we take the well-designed Ni_(3)S_(2)@VO_(2) heterostructures as a model to investigate the electrocatalytic activity and the surface reconstruction process of heterostructure catalysts in alkaline *** Ni_(3)S_(2)@VO_(2) heterostructures,with Ni_(3)S_(2) nanorods as the core and VO_(2) nanoflakes as the shell,coupled with the high conductive Ni_(3)S_(2),the hydrophilic VO_(2) and modulated electronic structures at the interfaces,exhibited prominent activity and superior stability at various current ***,the ex-situ characterizations confirmed that the surface reconstruction from Ni_(3)S_(2)@VO_(2) into Ni_(3)S_(2)@amorphous-Ni(OH)_(2) in alkaline media could optimize the water dissociation barrier and exposed large active area,thereby contributing to improved electrocatalytic *** study not only introduces novel high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but also provides a new avenue for re-examining hetero-structural catalysts in alkaline solutions.

关键词： Heterostructures Ni_(3)S_(2)@VO_(2) Surface reconstruction Water dissociation Alkaline hydrogen evolution

An Initial Perturbation Method for the Multiscale Singular Vector in Global Ensemble Prediction

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 545-563页

作者： Xin liu jing chen Yongzhu liu Zhenhua HUO Zhizhen XU Fajing chen jing WANG Yanan MA Yumeng HAN School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Tianjin Meteorological Observatory Tianjin 300074China China Meteorological Administration Xiong’an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Hebei 071799China

Ensemble prediction is widely used to represent the uncertainty of single deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP) caused by errors in initial conditions(ICs). The traditional Singular Vector(SV) initial perturbation method tends only to capture synoptic scale initial uncertainty rather than mesoscale uncertainty in global ensemble prediction. To address this issue, a multiscale SV initial perturbation method based on the China Meteorological Administration Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS) is proposed to quantify multiscale initial uncertainty. The multiscale SV initial perturbation approach entails calculating multiscale SVs at different resolutions with multiple linearized physical processes to capture fast-growing perturbations from mesoscale to synoptic scale in target areas and combining these SVs by using a Gaussian sampling method with amplitude coefficients to generate initial perturbations. Following that, the energy norm,energy spectrum, and structure of multiscale SVs and their impact on GEPS are analyzed based on a batch experiment in different seasons. The results show that the multiscale SV initial perturbations can possess more energy and capture more mesoscale uncertainties than the traditional single-SV method. Meanwhile, multiscale SV initial perturbations can reflect the strongest dynamical instability in target areas. Their performances in global ensemble prediction when compared to single-scale SVs are shown to(i) improve the relationship between the ensemble spread and the root-mean-square error and(ii) provide a better probability forecast skill for atmospheric circulation during the late forecast period and for short-to medium-range precipitation. This study provides scientific evidence and application foundations for the design and development of a multiscale SV initial perturbation method for the GEPS.

关键词： multiscale uncertainty singular vector initial perturbation global ensemble prediction system

Tracking the Confiscated Green Sea Turtles in the South China Sea:Where Did They Come From?Where Will They Go?

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第3期15卷 173-182页

作者： Min chen Tong HUANG Dayi NIE liu LIN Fang chen jing WANG Jinyan YANG jing ZHANG Tong liu Yiqiong CUI School of Life Sciences Institute of Eco-ChongmingShanghai Institute of Wildlife EpidemicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Hainan Institute of East China Normal University Sanya 572025HainanChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158HainanChina Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Branch of China Wildlife Conservation Association Beijing 100013China Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology Beijing 100012China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Canberra ACT 2601Australia

The population of the green sea turtle(Chelonia mydas)is under decline,threatened by bycatch and illegal acquisition despite worldwide protection ***,the confiscation of illegally acquired sea turtles could aid in tracking their origin and movement patterns,crucial for effective conservation *** satellite tracking and genetic analysis offers an opportunity to investigate the relationship between the origins and migration directions of green sea turtles in the western ***,we applied two methods to investigate the spatial ecology of 18 green turtles caught as bycatch in the South China *** results revealed the genetic origins and diverse movements of the *** Mixed Stock Analysis(MSA)suggested that these turtles originated from the rookery of the Xisha Islands(49.6%),central Ryukyu(24.6%),NE Borneo(8%),and the Sulu Sea(5.2%),with other rookeries in meagre proportions(<2%each).Satellite tracking showed the ranges of their travel were smaller than the whole contributed rookery range,but *** haplotype diversity of these turtles is high,and CmP19 stands out as both the most frequent and the most diverse haplotype in terms of swimming *** results indicate that the South China Sea is likely an important transportation hub and mating spot for green *** findings provided evidence for the rehabilitation of these green turtles in the wild and illustrated the complexity of movement during the green turtle’s life history,and the“mixed backgrounds”of the green turtles also highlight the need for joint conservation efforts of neighbouring countries in the South China Sea.

关键词： conservation genetics green sea turtle(Chelonia mydas) movement rookery satellite tracking

Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 802-830页

作者： Zejian liu Gongqi liu Leilei cheng jing Gu Haoran Yuan Yong chen Yufeng Wu Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou510640China School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou510640China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Clean and efﬁcient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human ***,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power *** research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and puriﬁcation is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efﬁciency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy *** and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efﬁcient closed-loop recovery *** methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be ***,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efﬁcient short process recycling *** work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

关键词： Spent LIBs Transformative recycling LCA analysis Policy guidance High value utilization

Down-regulation of miR-622 in gastric cancer promotes cellular invasion and tumor metastasis by targeting ING1 gene

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第14期17卷 1895-1902页

作者： Xiao-Bo Guo Chang-Qing jing Le-Ping Li Li Zhang Yu- Long Shi Jin-Shen Wang jing-Lei liu chen-Sheng Li Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road Jinan 250021 Shandong Province China

AIM:To evaluate the biological and clinical characteristics of miR-622 in gastric cancer. METHODS:We analyzed the expression of miR-622 in 57 pair matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of miR-622 expression was assessed in vitro in gastric cancer cell lines with miR-622 precursor and inhibitor. The roles of miR-622 in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis were analyzed using a stable miR-622 expression plasmid in nude mice. A luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the effect of miR-622 on inhibitor of growth family,member 1 (ING1) expression. RESULTS:Expression of miR-622 was down-regulated in gastric cancer. MiR-622 was found involved in differentia-tion and lymphatic metastasis in human gastric cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-622 promoted invasion,tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. ING1 is a direct target of miR-622. CONCLUSION:These findings help clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis and indicate that miR-622 modulation may be a bona fide treatment of gastric cancer.

关键词： MicroRNA MiR-622 Gastric cancer Metastasis Inhibitor of growth family member 1

HEN:a novel hybrid explainable neural network based framework for robust network intrusion detection

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 72-90页

作者： Wei WEI Sijin chen Cen chen Heshi WANG jing liu Zhongyao chenG Xiaofeng ZOU School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Future Technology South China University of Technology Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University School of Computer Science Hunan University of Technology and Business Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) Agency for Science Technology and Reseach (A*STAR)

With the rapid development of network technology and the automation process for 5G, cyberattacks have become increasingly complex and threatening. In response to these threats, researchers have developed various network intrusion detection systems(NIDS) to monitor network traffic. However, the incessant emergence of new attack techniques and the lack of system interpretability pose challenges to improving the detection performance of NIDS. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid explainable neural network-based framework that improves both the interpretability of our model and the performance in detecting new attacks through the innovative application of the explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)method. We effectively introduce the Shapley additive explanations(SHAP) method to explain a light gradient boosting machine(Light GBM) model. Additionally, we propose an autoencoder long-term short-term memory(AE-LSTM) network to reconstruct SHAP values previously generated. Furthermore, we define a threshold based on reconstruction errors observed during the training phase. Any network flow that surpasses the specified threshold is classified as an attack flow. This approach enhances the framework's ability to accurately identify attacks. We achieve an accuracy of 92.65%, a recall of 95.26%, a precision of 92.57%,and an F1-score of 93.90% on the dataset NSL-KDD. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach generates detection performance on par with state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： explainable artificial intelligence light gradient boosting machine machine learning network intrusion detection Shapley additive explanation hybrid explainable neural network (HEN)

Atomistic study on the microscopic mechanism of grain boundary embrittlement induced by small dense helium bubbles in iron

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 84-95页

作者： Lei Peng Yong-Jie Sun jing-Yi Shi Yi-Fei liu Shang-Ming chen liu-liu Li State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610213China

The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion *** order to elucidate the susceptibility of different grain boundaries(GBs)to helium-induced embrittlement,the tensile fracture processes of 10 types of GBs with and without helium bubbles in body-centered cubic(bcc)iron at the relevant service temperature of 600 K were investigated via molecular dynamics *** results indicate that in the absence of helium bubbles,the GBs studied here can be classified into two distinct categories:brittle GBs and ductile *** atomic scale analysis shows that the plastic deformation of ductile GB at high temperatures originates from complex plastic deformation mechanisms,including the Bain/Burgers path phase transition and deformation twinning,in which the Bain path phase transition is the most dominant plastic deformation ***,the presence of helium bubbles severely inhibits the plastic deformation channels of the GBs,resulting in a significant decrease in elongation at *** bubble-decorated GBs,the ultimate tensile strength increases with the increase in the misorientation ***,the coherent twin boundary∑3{112}was found to maintain relatively high fracture strength and maximum failure strain under the influence of helium bubbles.

关键词： Helium bubble Grain boundary Embrittlement Reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel Molecular dynamics Bain path

The environment,especially the minimum temperature,affects summer maize grain yield by regulating ear differentiation and grain development

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2227-2241页

作者： jing chen Baizhao Ren Bin Zhao Peng liu Jiwang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018

Ear differentiation,grain development and their interaction with factors in the growing environment,such as temperature,solar radiation and precipitation,greatly influence grain number and grain weight,and ultimately affect summer maize *** this study,field experiments involving different sowing dates were conducted over three years to evaluate the effects of temperature factors,average solar radiation and total precipitation on the growth process,ear differentiation,fertilization characteristics,grain filling and yield of summer maize varieties with different growth *** hybrids were evaluated in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP),China from 2018 to 2020 with five different sowing *** results showed that the grain yield formation of summer maize was strongly impacted by the environment from the silking(R1)to milking(R3)*** minimum temperature(AT_(min))was the key environmental factor that determined *** in the length of the growing season(r=–0.556,P<0.01)and the total floret number on ear(R^(2)=0.200,P<0.001)were found when AT_(min) was elevated from the emerging(VE)to R1 *** grain-filling rate(R^(2)=0.520,P<0.001)and the floret abortion rate on ear(R^(2)=0.437,P<0.001)showed quadratic relationships with AT_(min) from the R1 to physiological maturity(R6)stage,while the number of days after the R1 stage(r=–0.756,P<0.01)was negatively correlated with AT_(min).An increase in AT_(min) was beneficial for the promotion of yield when it did not exceeded a certain level(above 23°C during the R1–R3 stage and 20–21°C during the R1-R6 stage).Enhanced solar radiation and precipitation during R1–R6 increased the grain-filling rate(R^(2)=0.562,P<0.001 and R^(2)=0.229,P<0.05,respectively).Compared with short-season hybrids,full-season hybrids showed much greater suitability for a critical *** coordinated regulation of AT_(min),ear differentiation and grain development at the pre-and post-silking stages improved maize yie

关键词： sowing date hybrid maturity growing environment ear differentiation and grain development