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An improved analysis method for assessing the nuclear-heating impact on the stability of toroidal field magnets in fusion reactors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 163-176页

作者： Yu-Dong Lu jin-Xing Zheng Xu-Feng Liu huan Wu Jian Ge Kun Xu Ming Li Hai-Yang Liu Lei Zhu Fei Liu Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

The superconducting magnet system of a fusion reactor plays a vital role in plasma confinement,a process that can be dis-rupted by various operational factors.A critical parameter for evaluating the temperature margin of superconducting magnets during normal operation is the nuclear heating caused by D-T neutrons.This study investigates the impact of nuclear heat-ing on a superconducting magnet system by employing an improved analysis method that combines neutronics and thermal hydraulics.In the magnet system,toroidal field(TF)magnets are positioned closest to the plasma and bear the highest nuclear-heat load,making them prime candidates for evaluating the influence of nuclear heating on stability.To enhance the modeling accuracy and facilitate design modifications,a parametric TF model that incorporates heterogeneity is established to expedite the optimization design process and enhance the accuracy of the computations.A comparative analysis with a homogeneous TF model reveals that the heterogeneous model improves accuracy by over 12%.Considering factors such as heat load,magnetic-field strength,and cooling conditions,the cooling circuit facing the most severe conditions is selected to calculate the temperature of the superconductor.This selection streamlines the workload associated with thermal-hydraulic analysis.This approach enables a more efficient and precise evaluation of the temperature margin of TF magnets.Moreover,it offers insights that can guide the optimization of both the structure and cooling strategy of superconducting magnet systems.

关键词： Superconducting magnet Nuclear heating Neutronics Thermal hydraulics

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Characteristics of Elderly-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With COVID-19

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2024年第1期6卷 36-42页

作者： Lanlan Xiao Xinlei Ma jinzhi Wu Junyu Liang Weiqian Chen jin lin Department of Rheumatology the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis(EORA)patients with COVID-19.We ret-rospectively enrolled EORA patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 through February 2023 and followed them up.Demographic characteristics of the patients and clinical data on COVID-19 were collected,and EORA-related data at the onset of rheu-matoid arthritis and during COVID-19 episodes were evaluated.A total of 102 EORA outpatients were enrolled and stratified into the COVID-19 group(n=60)and the non–COVID-19 group(n=42).In the COVID-19 group,56(93.3%)had symptoms,8(13.3%)had viral pneumonia,and 4(6.7%)developed severe COVID-19.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lack of COVID-19 vac-cination(P=0.016 and P=0.030,respectively)and having interstitial lung disease(P=0.013 and P=0.001,respectively)were inde-pendent risk factors for viral pneumonia and severe COVID-19.Compared with the general population,EORA patients did not show significantly higher susceptibility to COVID-19 or a higher risk of severe COVID-19.However,EORA patients with interstitial lung disease require special consideration during COVID-19 episodes.

关键词： COVID-19 elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis COVID-19 vaccine interstitial lung disease

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Paleoenvironmental reconstruction and organic matter accumulation of the paleogene shahejie oil shale in the Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1552-1568页

作者： Xiao-lin Wang Xiao-Min Zhu jin Lai Xing-Yue lin Xiang Wang Yu-Shan Du Chao huang Yu-Rui Zhu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC

The controlling factors of organic-rich shale accumulation is essential for the exploration and development of shale oil and gas resources. The sedimentary environment plays a vital role in the formation of organic-rich sediments in lacustrine facies. This article unravels the mineralogy, geochemistry, and paleoenvironmental evolution during the deposition of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Es3L). It discusses the effects of paleoclimate, paleosalinity, paleoredox conditions, paleowater depth, and paleoproductivity on organic matter(OM) enrichment. Finally, the OM enrichment model was established. The results show that the mineralogical compositions are mainly composed of calcite(avg. 40.13%), quartz(avg. 21.64%) and clay minerals(avg. 24.07%), accompanied by dolomite(avg. 7.07%), feldspar(avg. 6.36%)and pyrite(avg. 2.95%). The Es3Lshale has a high abundance of OM, with total organic carbon(TOC)ranging from 1.07% to 5.12%. The organic matter type is mainly composed of type I-II1kerogen, which is generally considered a good-quality source rock. The source of OM is a mixture of lower bacteria, algae,and plants. During the early sedimentary period, the paleoclimate was dry and cold, with high salinity,intense reducibility, and relatively low productivity. During the late sedimentary period, the climate became warmer and more humid. As a result, the salinity decreased to a level that was suitable for biological reproduction, and productivity increased gradually due to the input of terrigenous plants.Paleosalinity and paleoclimate determined the environment of the sedimentary period, in addition,paleoproductivity and paleoredox condition indicated the formation and preservation conditions of OM.The warm and humid climate, brackish water, suitable reduction conditions and high productivity are the favorable conditions for the generation and preservation of organic matter. The research results may have implications for the genetic mechanisms of organic matter accumulation. They will provide theoretical and technical in

关键词： Elemental geochemical Paleoenvironment Organic matter accumulation Paleogene shahejie formation Zhanhua Sag Bohai Bay Basin

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Genomics,transcriptomics,and peptidomics of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella neuropeptides and their expression in response to lead stress

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 773-791页

作者： Li-lin Luo Yang lin Jun-Hong linghu Wei Gong Yuan-Hong Luo Man Liu Dao-Chao jin Guy Smagghe Tong-Xian Liu Shun-Hua Gui Tian-Ci Yi Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Guizhou Institute of Biology Guizhou Academy of SciencesGuiyangChina Institute of Plant Health and Medicine Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina

Neuropeptides are crucial in regulation of a rich variety of developmental,physiological,and behavioral functions throughout the life cycle of insects.Using an integrated approach of multiomics,we identified neuropeptide precursors in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella,which is a harmful pest of honeybee hives with a worldwide distribution.Here,a total of 63 and 67 neuropeptide precursors were predicted and annotated in the G.mellonella genome and transcriptome,in which 40 neuropeptide precursors were confirmed in the G.mellonella peptidome.Interestingly,we identified 12 neuropeptide precursor genes present in G.mellonella but absent in honeybees,which may be potential novel pesticide target sites.Honeybee hives were contaminated with heavy metals such as lead,enabling its bioaccumulation in G.mellonella bodies through the food chain,we performed transcriptome sequencing to analyze the effects of Pb stress on the mRNA expression level of G.mellonella neuropeptide precursors.After treatment by Pb,the expression of neuropeptide F1 was found to be significantly downregulated,implying that this neuropeptide might be associated with responding to the heavy metal stress in G.mellonella.This study comprehensively identified neuropeptide precursors in G.mellonella,and discussed the effects of heavy metals on insect neuropeptides,with the example of G.mellonella.The results are valuable for future elucidation of how neuropeptides regulate physiological functions in G.mellonella and contribute to our understanding of the insect's environmental plasticity and identify potential new biomarkers to assess heavy metal toxicity in insects.

关键词： Galleria mellonella genomics heavy metal stress neuropeptide peptidomics transcriptomics

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In situ tracking of the lithiation and sodiation process of disodium terephthalate as anodes for rechargeable batteries by Raman spectroscopy

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 245-252页

作者： Xiu-Mei lin Chong Han Xin-Tao Yang Jia-Sheng lin Wei-Qiang Yang Hong-Xu Guo Yao-Hui Wang jin-Chao Dong Jian-Feng Li Department of Chemistry and Environment Science Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical ScienceMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China College of Energy College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesiChEMXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Institute of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Organic compounds represent an appealing group of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries due to their merits of biomass,sustainability,environmental friendliness,and processability.Disodium terephthalate(Na_(2)C_(8)H_(4)O_(4),Na_(2)TP),an organic salt with a theoretical capacity of 255 mAh·g^(-1),is electroactive towards both lithium and sodium.However,its electrochemical energy storage(EES)process has not been directly observed via in situ characterization techniques and the underlying mechanisms are still under debate.Herein,in situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to track the de/lithiation and de/sodiation processes of Na2TP.The appearance and then disappearance of the–COOLi Raman band at 1625 cm^(-1) during the de/lithiation,and the increase and then decrease of the–COONa Raman band at 1615 cm^(-1) during the de/sodiation processes of Na2TP elucidate the one-step with the 2Li+or 2Na+transfer mechanism.We also found that the inferior cycling stability of Na2TP as an anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)than lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)could be due to the larger ion radium of Na+than Li+,which results in larger steric resistance and polarization during EES.The Na2TP,therefore,shows greater changes in spectra during de/sodiation than de/lithiation.We expect that our findings could provide a reference for the rational design of organic compounds for EES.

关键词： disodium terephthalate(Na_(2)C_(8)H_(4)O_(4) Na2TP) in situ Raman spectroscopy de/lithiation de/sodiation mechanisms

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Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on semenparameters in sperm bank volunteers with normalsperm concentration

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 328-332页

作者： Li Wang Wen-Kai Han Xiao-Hui Song Qi-lin Zhang An-Quan Guan Yuan Gao jin-Long Ma Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong UniversityJinan 250001China State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health ShandongUniversityJinan 250001China Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityJinan 250001China Shandong KeyLaboratory of Reproductive Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250001China Shandong Provincial ClinicalResearch Center for Reproductive Health Jinan 250001China Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health Jinan 250001China NationalResearch Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics Shandong UniversityJinan 250001China Research Unit of Gametogenesis andHealth of ART-Offspring Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2021RU001)Jinan 250001China.

In this study,we aimed to assess the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on semenparameters.The study comprised 110 sperm volunteers who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Human Sperm Bank ofthe Center for Reproductive Medicine,Shandong University(jinan,China).The volunteers had normal sperm concentration beforeinfection.Each volunteer provided semen samples before and after infection.We selected 90 days after infection as the cutoff point.Semen parameters within 90 days after infection of 109 volunteers(group A)were compared with semen parameters before infection.Moreover,semen parameters on or after 90 days after infection of 36 volunteers(group B)were compared with semen parameters beforeinfection.Furthermore,based on whether the volunteers had completed the three-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination booster,volunteersin group A and B were further divided into two subgroups separately.Semen parameters were compared before and after infection ineach subgroup.Our results showed that in this cohort population,the semen quality in volunteers with normal sperm concentrationsbefore infection decreased after SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days,while the semen quality returned to preinfection levels after 90days.The completion of a three-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination booster may exert a protective effect on semen quality after infection.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination semen quality sperm donation sperm parameters

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Predict the evolution of mechanical property of Al-Li alloys in a marine environment

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 557-566页

作者： Wei Li lin Xiang Guang Wu Hongli Si jinyan Chen Yiming jin Yan Su Jianquan Tao Chunyang huang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100036China Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing400044China First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security for PR China Beijing100036China Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute Chongqing400039China

The ocean is one of the essential fields of national defense in the future,and more and more attention is paid to the lightweight research of Marine equipment and materials.This study it is to develop a Machine learning(ML)-based prediction method to study the evolution of the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys in the marine environment.We obtained the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloy samples under uniaxial tensile deformation at different exposure times through Marine exposure experiments.We obtained the strain evolution by digital image correlation(DIC).The strain field images are voxelized using 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)autoencoders as input data for Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural networks.Then,the output data of LSTM neural networks combined with corrosion features were input into the Back Propagation(BP)neural network to predict the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The variation law of mechanical properties of2297-T8 in the Marine atmosphere is revealed.With the increase in outdoor exposure test time,the tensile elastic model of 2297-T8 changes slowly,within 10%,and the tensile yield stress changes significantly,with a maximum attenuation of 23.6%.2.The prediction model can predict the strain evolution and mechanical response simultaneously with an error of less than 5%.3.This study shows that a CNN/LSTM system based on machine learning can be built to capture the corrosion characteristics of Marine exposure experiments.The results show that the relationship between corrosion characteristics and mechanical response can be predicted without considering the microstructure evolution of metal materials.

关键词： Marine environment Al-Li alloy Machine learning Corrosion

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High-current pulsed electron beam modification on microstructure and performance of Cu/CuW diffusion bonding joints

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2819-2831页

作者： Na-Na Tian Cong-lin Zhang Peng Lyu jin-Tong Guan Jie Cai Qing-Feng Guan Shun Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University School of Material Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Engineering Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology Jiangsu University

This study investigates the influence of high-current pulsed electron beam（HCPEB） modification on the microstructure and shear strength of Cu/CuW joints.Reliable solid-state diffusion bonding of modified-Cu（MCu） and modified-CuW（M-CuW） was achieved by HCPEB modification pretreatment at a temperature of 800-900 ℃ and a pressure of 5 MPa for 10-50 min.Experiments demonstrate that HCPEB modification facilitates the dissolution of W and Cu,resulting in the formation of a Cu0.4W0.6solid solution and thus enhancing the uniform distribution of microstructures.Additionally,HCPEB-induced defects play a beneficial role in promoting the diffusion process by providing fast diffusion paths for elements.The optimal joints with the maximum shear strength of 213.7 MPa were obtained through bonding M-Cu and M-CuW at 900℃ and 5 MPa for 30 min,which attributes to the combined effects of fine-grained strengthening and solid solution strengthening.Overall,the application of HCPEB modification showcases its effectiveness in promoting element diffusion and enhancing the mechanical performance of the joints.

关键词： HCPEB Element diffusion Shear strength Crystal defects Surface modification

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Global hybrid simulations of soft X-ray emissions in the Earth’s magnetosheath

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 47-58页

作者： jin Guo TianRan Sun San Lu QuanMing Lu Yu lin XueYi Wang Chi Wang RongSheng Wang Kai huang School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Lab of Geospace Environment University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Physics Department Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Earth’s magnetopause is a thin boundary separating the shocked solar wind plasma from the magnetospheric plasmas,and it is also the boundary of the solar wind energy transport to the magnetosphere.Soft X-ray imaging allows investigation of the large-scale magnetopause by providing a two-dimensional(2-D)global view from a satellite.By performing 3-D global hybrid-particle-in-cell(hybrid-PIC)simulations,we obtain soft X-ray images of Earth’s magnetopause under different solar wind conditions,such as different plasma densities and directions of the southward interplanetary magnetic field.In all cases,magnetic reconnection occurs at low latitude magnetopause.The soft X-ray images observed by a hypothetical satellite are shown,with all of the following identified:the boundary of the magnetopause,the cusps,and the magnetosheath.Local X-ray emissivity in the magnetosheath is characterized by large amplitude fluctuations(up to 160%);however,the maximum line-of-sight-integrated X-ray intensity matches the tangent directions of the magnetopause well,indicating that these fluctuations have limited impact on identifying the magnetopause boundary in the X-ray images.Moreover,the magnetopause boundary can be identified using multiple viewing geometries.We also find that solar wind conditions have little effect on the magnetopause identification.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere link Explorer(SMILE)mission will provide X-ray images of the magnetopause for the first time,and our global hybrid-PIC simulation results can help better understand the 2-D X-ray images of the magnetopause from a 3-D perspective,with particle kinetic effects considered.

关键词： magnetopause X-ray emissivity X-ray imaging SMILE global hybrid-PIC simulation

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Magnetic phase transition and continuous spin switching in a high-entropy orthoferrite single crystal

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 157-167页

作者： Wanting Yang Shuang Zhu Xiong Luo Xiaoxuan Ma Chenfei Shi huan Song Zhiqiang Sun Yefei Guo Yuriy Dedkov Baojuan Kang jin-Ke Bao Shixun Cao Department of Physics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Materials Genome Institute and International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Physics Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Rare-earth orthoferrite REFeO_(3)(where RE is a rare-earth ion)is gaining interest.We created a high-entropy orthoferrite(Tm_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Y_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))FeO_(3)(HEOR)by doping five RE ions in equimolar ratios and grew the single crystal by optical floating zone method.It strongly tends to form a single-phase structure stabilized by high configurational entropy.In the low-temperature region(11.6‒14.4 K),the spin reorientation transition(SRT)ofΓ_(2)(F_(x),C_(y),G_(z))‒Γ_(24)‒Γ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))occurs.The weak ferromagnetic(FM)moment,which comes from the Fe sublattices distortion,rotates from the a-to c-axis.The two-step dynamic processes(Γ_(2)‒Γ_(24)‒Γ_(4))are identified by AC susceptibility measurements.SRT in HEOR can be tuned in the range of 50‒60000 Oe,which is an order of magnitude larger than that of orthoferrites in the peer system,making it a candidate for high-field spin sensing.Typical spin-switching(SSW)and continuous spin-switching(CSSW)effects occur under low magnetic fields due to the strong interactions between RE‒Fe sublattices.The CSSW effect is tunable between 20‒50 Oe,and hence,HEOR potentially can be applied to spin modulation devices.Furthermore,because of the strong anisotropy of magnetic entropy change()and refrigeration capacity(RC)based on its high configurational entropy,HEOR is expected to provide a novel approach for refrigeration by altering the orientations of the crystallographic axes(anisotropic configurational entropy).

关键词： high-entropy oxide rare-earth orthoferrite spin reorientation transition spin switching magnetocaloric effect

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