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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 com.lex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.m. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, m.J. Chen, m.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, m.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, m.m. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, m.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, m. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. jin, m. Kang, m.m. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.m. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, m.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.m. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. m., B.Q. m., L.L. m., X.H. m.o, J.R. m.n, Z. m.tthum.iri, W. m., H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, m.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, m. Sem.koz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam. P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experim.ntal Physics Division & Com.uting Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosm.c Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland m.x-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Inform.tion Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronom. and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronom. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academ. of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Norm.l University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark m.tter and Space Astronom. & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronom. Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronom.cal Com.uting Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosm.logy Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronom. Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosm.c Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronom.cal Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronom. (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray em.ssion from.the W51 com.lex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosm.c rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova rem.ant (SNR) W51C and the dense m.lecular clouds in the adjacent star-form.ng region, W51B. However, the m.xim.m.acceleration capability of W51C for CRs rem.ins elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays em.nating from.the W51 com.lex, with energies from.2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO m.asurem.nts, for the first tim., extend the γ-ray em.ssion from.the W51 com.lex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum.bending at tens of TeV. By com.ining the "π0-decay bum." featured data from.Ferm.-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum.of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a sim.le pp-collision m.del. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum. m.st likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regim.. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the m.st energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extrem. CR accelerators within the W51 com.lex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosm.c rays

A　num.rical　prediction　m.del　of　strong　therm.cline　in　the　Bohai　and　the　Huanghai　Seas

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1998年第2期17卷 141-154页

作者： Wang Z. Xu B. jin m. Zou E. Li F. First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266003 China

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关键词： strong m.del Bohai

Robust Optim.zation for Gate Sizing Considering Non-Gaussian Local Variations

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Applied m.them.tics 2014年第16期5卷 2558-2569页

作者： jin Sun Janet m. Roveda Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering The University of Arizona Tucson USA

This paper em.loys a new second-order cone (SOC) m.del as the uncertainty set to capture non-Gaussian local variations. Then using robust gate sizing as an exam.le, we describe the detailed procedures of robust design with a budget of uncertainty. For a pre-selected probability level of yield protection, this robust m.thod translates uncertainty budgeting problem. into regular robust optim.zation problem.. m.re im.ortantly, under the assum.tion of non-Gaussian distributions, we show that within-die variations will lead to varying sizes of uncertainty sets at different nom.nal values. By using this new m.del of uncertainty estim.tion, the robust gate sizing problem.can be form.lated as a Geom.tric Program.(GP) and therefore efficiently solved.

关键词： Robust Gate Sizing Second Order Cone Geom.tric Program.ing Budget of Uncertainty Param.ter Variations

m.DELING DEPOSITION PROCESSES IN VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2000年第1期15卷 108-120页

作者： Chang-xing jin and m. J. m. R■m.ens(National Sedim.ntation Laboratory, USDA-ARS. Oxford, m. 38655Note: The m.nucript of this paper was received in m.rch 1999, Discussion open Unil m.rch 2001)

Vegetative filter strips have been widely used for controlling soil erosion from.agricultural land, road sides, construct sites, and other disturbed lands. The m.st im.ortan characteristic of a filter strip is the sedim.nt trapping efficiency. Yet, not m.ny studies have been conducted to quantitatively describe the trapping process and trapping efficiency. In this paper, the results of a laboratory study are presented. In the study vegetative filter strips were sim.lated with polypropylene broom.bristles of different *** show that the deposition process in filter strips is described by a tim. decreasing, three-param.ter exponential relationship. The parafneters vary with both bristle density and num. slope steepness. Bristle density and fium. slope steepness are two im.obot factors in dererm.ning the trapping efficiency. As bristle density increased from.2,500 bunches/m. to 10,000 bunches/m., trapping efficiency increased to about 45%. When slope steepness increased from.2% to 4%, trapping efficiency decreased from.50% to 5% for the low bristle density and from.90% to 50% for the high bristle density. Over 80%90% of the sedim.nt deposited upstream.from.the entrance of the filter strips. m.st of the sedim.nt trapped had a particle size greater than 150 pm. As the flum. slope steepness increased, deposition occurred further down into the filter strips and the sedim.nt passing through the filter strips becam. largr in size. Flow rate and sedim.nt concentration in the studied ranges （1 .45～7.0×10-3 m./s for flow rates and 1.71～7.0 kg/m. for sedim.nt concentrations） hardly im.afted the trapping efficiency.

关键词： Deposition processes Vegetative filter strips m.them.tical m.deling

Shor's algorithm.does not factor large integers in the presence of noise

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Science China(Inform.tion Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 305-320页

作者： jin-Yi CAI College of Letters and Science University of Wisconsin

We consider Shor's quantum.factoring algorithm.in the setting of noisy quantum.gates. Under a generic m.del of random.noise for(controlled) rotation gates, we prove that the algorithm.does not factor integers of the form.pq when the noise exceeds a vanishingly sm.ll level in term. of n—the num.er of bits of the integer to be factored, where p and q are from.a well-defined set of prim.s of positive density. We further prove that with probability 1-o(1) over random.prim. pairs(p, q), Shor's factoring algorithm.does not factor num.ers of the form.pq, with the sam. level of random.noise present.

关键词： random.noise Shor's algorithm rotation gates quantum.com.uting prim. factorization

Sem.-analytical Solutions for Wellbores with Graded Skin Zones in Poroelastic m.dia

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Acta m.chanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 385-395页

作者： Zhiqiang Fan Zhihe jin School of m.chanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of MaineOronoME04469USA

In analyzing the com.lex interaction between the wellbore and the reservoir form.tion,the hydrom.chanical properties of the region proxim.l to the wellbore,referred to as the“wellbore skin zone”,play a pivotal role in determ.ning flow dynam.cs and the resulting form.tion *** m.dels of the wellbore skin zone generally assum. a constant perm.ability throughout,resulting in a sharp perm.ability discontinuity at the skin-reservoir *** paper introduces a m.del for a wellbore with a continuously graded skin zone of finite thickness within a poroelastic *** solutions are derived using the Laplace transform.0}thod,addressing both positive and negative skin *** results are presented to illustrate the effects of graded perm.ability/skin zone thickness on pore pressures and stresses around a *** results highlight a distinct divergence in stress and pore pressure fields when com.aring wellbores with negative skin zones to those with positive skin zones or no skin at all.

关键词： Poroelastic Graded perm.ability Analytical solution Wellbore Skin zone

Advanced Algorithm.for Param.ters Estim.tion of Negative Binom.al Distribution with High Dim.nsional Sparse Group Structure

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2024年第5期37卷 2173-2195页

作者： LI m.iqi jin Baisuo School of m.nagem.nt University of Science and Technology of China

Negative binom.al regression is a powerful technique for m.deling count data, particularly when dealing with overdispersion. However, estim.ting the param.ters for large-dim.nsional sparse m.dels is challenging due to the com.lexity of optim.zing the m.an and dispersion param.ter of the negative binom.al distribution. To address this issue, the authors propose a novel approach that em.loys two iterations of the m.jorize-m.nim.ze(m.) algorithm. one for estim.ting the dispersion param.ter and the other for estim.ting the m.an param.ters. These approaches im.rove the convergence speed and stability of the algorithm. The authors also use group penalty for variable selection, which enhances the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed m.thod provides an explicit solution,sim.lifies the iteration process, and m.intains good stability while ensuring algorithm.***, the authors apply the proposed algorithm.to the zero-inflated m.del and dem.nstrate its prom.sing predictive perform.nce on specific data sets. The research has im.ortant im.lications for count data m.deling and analysis in various fields, such as data m.ning, m.chine learning, and bioinform.tics.

关键词： Group structure m.jorize-m.nim.ze (m.) negative binom.al

Com.ined Treatm.nt with Bojungikgi-tang(Buzhong Yiqi Decoction)and Riluzole Attenuates Cell Death in TDP-43-Expressing Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative m.dicine 2024年第7期30卷 616-622页

作者： Eun jin Yang Departm.nt of Km.Science Research Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonYuseong-gu34054Republic of Korea

Objective To exam.ne the effect of com.ined treatm.nt with Bojungikgi-tang(BJIGT,Buzhong Yiqi Decoction)and riluzole(RZ)in transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)stress granule(SG)cells,a am.otrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)cell line using transcriptom.c and m.lecular *** TDP-43 SG cells were pretreated with BJIGT(100µg/m.),RZ(50µm.l/L),and com.ined BJIGT(100µg/m.)/RZ(50µm.l/L)for 6 h before treatm.nt with lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200µm.l/L).Cell viability assay was perform.d to elucidate cell toxicity in TDP-43 SC cells using a cell-counting kit-8(CCK8)assay *** expression levels of cell death-related proteins,including Bax,caspase 1,cleaved caspase 3 and DJ1 in TDP-43 SG cells were exam.ned by Western blot *** autophagy-related proteins,including pm.OR/m.OR,LC3b,P62,ATG7 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3(Bag3)were investigated using im.unofluorescence and im.unoblotting *** Cell viability assay and Western blot analysis showed that com.ined treatm.nt with BJIGT and RZ suppressed LPS-induced cell death and expression of cell death-related proteins,including Bax,caspase 1,and DJ1(Pm.unofluorescence and im.unoblotting assays showed that com.ined treatm.nt with BJIGT and RZ reduced LPS-induced form.tion of TDP-43 aggregates and regulated autophagy-related protein levels,including p62,light chain 3b,Bag3,and ATG7,in TDP-43-expressing cells(Pm.ined treatm.nt of BJIGT and RZ m.ght reduce inflam.ation and regulate autophagy dysfunction in TDP-43-induced ALS.

关键词： Bojungikgi-tang Buzhong Yiqi Decoction transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 autophagy oxidative stress am.otrophic lateral sclerosis

m.bility of rhenium.and selenium.during chem.cal weathering and their im.lication for petrogenic organic carbon oxidation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 740-750页

作者： Yuhong ZHANG jin WANG Yuanxin QU Chao ZHU Zhangdong jin State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environm.nt Research Xi'an 710061China Institute of Global Environm.ntal Change Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

The oxidative weathering of petrogenic organic carbon(OC_(petro)) is an im.ortant source of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into the atm.sphere on geological tim.scales and significantly influences the carbon cycle and global clim.te change. However, at present, a robust proxy to assess OC_(petro)oxidation is lacking. Riverine rhenium.Re) has em.rged as a potential proxy to trace OC_(petro)oxidation, but little is known about Re sources and its relationship with OC_(petro)oxidation. To better understand the robustness of this proxy, we analyzed a shale weathering profile from.the early Cam.rian Shuijingtuo Form.tion in Chengkou County, Chongqing City, to address the m.bility of Re and selenium.Se) and their relationship with the oxidation of OC_(petro)by analyses of the elem.ntal variation and sequential extraction. The results showed that the chem.cal index of alteration(CIA)increases from.the fresh bedrock to the weathered sections, indicating enhanced weathering intensity. Based on the sequential extraction and m.ss transfer coefficients(τ), Re and Se m.inly exist in the organic phase of shale and are paired lost with OC_(petro) during weathering, with no obvious correlation with sulfide m.nerals. Furtherm.re, the different proportions of Re and Se loss with OC_(petro) loss can be attributed to their different geochem.cal behaviors during weathering. Our study supports Re as a robust proxy to trace OC_(petro) oxidation, whereas Se is the potential one. In the future, com.ined studies on various sedim.ntary rock profiles with catchm.nt basins are needed to determ.ne the sources of riverine Re and Se and their relationships with OC_(petro) oxidation.

关键词： Rhenium.and selenium Shale m.bility OC_(petro) Chem.cal weathering