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Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata jim t.ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau talisuna WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya WHO Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic WHO Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan WHO Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia WHO Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo WHO Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi WHO Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea WHO Country Ofce KigaliRwanda WHO Country Ofce KampalaUganda WHO Country Ofce LuandaAngola WHO Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania WHO Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. these countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. this case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Development of endemicity and conservation importance indices for tropical forests and the floral diversity assessment of *** in Benguet,Philippines

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 786-804页

作者： Johndale Rein t.BULLONG jim P.SILVERIO Joanna I.ALAFAG Maricel A.GURON Jones t.NAPALDEt Department of Environmental Science Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines Department of Biology Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines

the scientific community faces the challenge of measuring progress toward biodiversity targets and indices have been traditionally ***,recent inventories in secondary tropical mountain forests using traditional biodiversity indices have yielded results that are indistinct with primary *** shows the need to develop complementary indices that goes beyond species count but integrates the distribution and conservation status of the *** study developed endemicity and conservation importance index for tropical forest that incorporated the distribution and conservation status of the *** indices were applied to ***,a remnant primary mossy forest in Buguias,Benguet,Philippines,that resulted to endemicity index of 81.07 and conservation importance index of *** these with secondary forest sites with comparable Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Evenness and Margalef’s indices,our endemicity and conservation indices clearly differentiates primary forest(our study site)with higher values from secondary forests with much lower ***,we are proposing these indices for a direct but scientifically-informed identification of specific sites for conservation and protection in tropical ***,our study documented a total of 168 vascular plant species(79 endemic and 12 locally threatened species)in *** are of tropical elements for both generic and species levels with some temperate elements that could be attributed to the site's high elevation and semi-temperate *** are important baseline information for conservation plans and monitoring of tropical mossy forests.

关键词： Endemicity index Conservation importance index Cordillera Central Range Floristic element Jaccard Index of Similarity

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A new method for deriving broad-band polar motion geodetic excitations

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 453-464页

作者： Wei Chen Jiesi Luo jim Ray Jiancheng Li Hubei Luojia Laboratory School of Geodesy and GeomaticsWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver SpringMDUSA Central South University Changsha 410083China

While the geodetic excitationχ(t)of polar motion p(t)is essential to improve our understanding of global mass redistributions and relative motions with respect to the terrestrial frame,the widely adopted method to deriveχ(t)from p(t)has biases in both amplitude and phase *** study has developed a new simple but more accurate method based on the combination of the frequency-and time-domain Liouville's equation(FtLE).the FtLE method has been validated not only with 6-h sampled synthetic excitation series but also with daily and 6-h sampled polar motion measurements as well asχ(t)produced by the interactive webpage tool of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service(IERS).Numerical comparisons demonstrate thatχ(t)derived from the FtLE method has superior performances in both the time and frequency domains with respect to that obtained from the widely adopted method or the IERS webpage tool,provided that the input p(t)series has a length around or more than 25 years,which presents no practical limitations since the necessary polar motion data are readily *** FtLE code is provided in the form of Mat Lab function.

关键词： Earth rotation Polar motion Geodetic excitation Liouville's equation Mat Lab

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Increasing polymer scission rate by tying an overhand knot

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Yuheng Hu Jennifer t.Ou jim Y.Huang Yuanning Feng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Oklahoma

Similar to the phenomenon of knotted ropes in life, knotted climbing ropes will reduce their strength due to knots. Although computer simulations [1], theoretical speculation[2,3], and intuition [3] suggest that similar processes may occur at the nanoscale, this hypothesis has not been experimentally proven before. With the increasing maturity of molecular recognition and self-assembly, a research communication by Leigh et al. [4]

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二硫化碳作为谷物熏蒸剂的新观点

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粮油食品科技 2024年第3期32卷 1-15页

作者： jim DESMARCHELIER Yu XIAO Li GU Yong-lin REN 李燕羽(译) 默多克大学环境和生命科学学院澳大利亚珀斯WA 6150 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所

虽然二硫化碳(CS_(2))是一种古老的熏蒸剂,但澳大利亚新数据以及中国和埃及已发表的研究数据使它可被人们重新关注。这些数据包括谷物质量、自然释放和加工食品中的残留,但目前并不广为人知。埃及研究数据显示,即使在400 mg/m^(3)高剂量... 详细信息

虽然二硫化碳(CS_(2))是一种古老的熏蒸剂,但澳大利亚新数据以及中国和埃及已发表的研究数据使它可被人们重新关注。这些数据包括谷物质量、自然释放和加工食品中的残留,但目前并不广为人知。埃及研究数据显示,即使在400 mg/m^(3)高剂量下,二硫化碳对水稻的发芽率和幼芽长度都没有影响。中国研究数据显示,200 mg/m^(3)高剂量对大麦、小麦、玉米、高粱、棉花、胡萝卜等大多数种子发芽率没有影响。本研究中150 mg/L剂量对澳大利亚小麦、大麦以及鹰嘴豆发芽率和幼芽长度的影响数据也证明了这一点。澳大利亚储藏谷物研究实验室(SGRL)的商业规模实验数据表明,二硫化碳在1000~1500 mg·h·L^(-1)的Ct值(浓度×时间)范围内可杀死所有受试昆虫,并且对小麦最终产品质量没有影响。二硫化碳在谷物上的吸附力低于甲基溴,且主要是物理吸附。它会在谷物上有残留物,但这些残留物在储存和加工的过程中会被大量降解,而剩余的二硫化二苯醚残留物会在小麦制粉前的清理和润麦过程中减少。在制粉和烘烤的过程中,二硫化碳的残留量会逐渐减少。例如,将含有27 g/m^(3)二硫化碳的小麦在仓内密封放置6 d,然后通风24 h,清理会使制粉前的残留量从6.7 mg/kg降至4.6 mg/kg,润麦会使残留量从4.6 mg/kg降至2.2 mg/kg。在制粉的过程中,残留量会进一步减少,而在面条(甚至在烹饪前)、意大利面以及面包的制作过程中,残留量还会进一步减少。当前检测分析方法无法检测加工产品中的残留量(定量限值<0.005 mg/kg),且其残留水平与同一来源未经二硫化碳熏蒸的小麦制品相同。

关键词：熏蒸剂二硫化碳吸附性发芽率残留

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Risk scores for allograft failure: Are they still useful in liver recipients from donation after circulatory death?

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World Journal of transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 95-100页

作者： Mohamed H Mohamed Chairi Mónica Mogollón González Jennifer triguero Cabrera Inmaculada Segura jiménez Maria t Villegas Herrera Jesús M Villar del Moral transplant Surgery Division Department of SurgeryVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18013AndalusiaSpain

BACKGROUND Liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)are associated with a higher risk of early graft dysfunction,determined by the warm ischemia and cold ischemia *** is essential to have precise criteria to identify this complication in order to guide therapeutic *** to validate different graft and recipient survival scores in patients undergoing liver transplantation(Lt)with DCD *** A retrospective and observational unicentric study was conducted on 65 Lt patients with grafts obtained from controlled DCD donors from November 2013 to November *** United Kingdom(UK)risk score,early allograft dysfunction(EAD)Olthoff score,and model for early allograft function(MEAF)score were used to evaluate the risk of graft and recipient survival *** survival analysis purposes,we used the Kaplan-Meier method,and the differences between subgroups were compared using the log-rank(Mantel-Cox)*** Sixty-five patients were included in the *** UK risk score did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft ***,in donors aged over 70 years old(18.4%),it significantly predicted graft survival(Pto Kaplan-Meier survival curves,graft survival rates at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years in the futility group dramatically decreased to 50%compared to the other groups(log-rank 8.806,Pthe EAD Olthoff and MEAF scores did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft *** on Kaplan-Meier survival curves,patients with a MEAF score≥7 had a lower graft survival rate at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years compared to patients with a lower MEAF score(log-rank 4.667,Pth UK DCD risk score and MEAF score showed predictive capability for graft survival.

关键词： Liver transplantation Donation after circulatory death Early allograft dysfunction Risk scores Graft surviva

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Venopulmonary ECMO Improved Hypoxemia and Supported the Right Ventricle in a Patient with Decompensated Eisenmenger Syndrome

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第1期14卷 7-19页

作者： Daniel Manzur-Sandoval Gian Manuel jiménez-Rodríguez Edgar García-Cruz Ramón Espinosa-Soto Erika Yamali Ramirez-Marcano Yessenia Máyory téllez-López José Luis Elizalde-Silva Gustavo Rojas-Velasco Cardiovascular Critical Care Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico Cardiology Department Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico

Mechanical circulatory and/or respiratory assistance with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a standard of care for patients with circulatory (venoarterial) and/or respiratory (venovenous) failure refractory to standard therapies. Adult patients with congenital heart disease are an increasingly recognized and growing population and include various groups, such as undiagnosed cases in childhood and palliated and/or corrected cases, which require subsequent care because of residual lesions, cardiac arrest/insufficiency, and arrhythmias, among other conditions. In addition, these patients are prone to developing pathologies that are typical of adulthood with a generally increased risk of morbidity and mortality because of their low reserves and organic damage associated with the underlying heart disease, which makes them candidates for ECMO. these patients represent an additional challenge in this therapy because malformations and the presence of a shunt can generally affect the usual cannulation methods and hemodynamic and oximetry monitoring. thus, the configuration decision must be made on a case-by-case basis. Here, we present a cannulation method, venopulmonary artery ECMO, which provides hemodynamic and respiratory support, and may be ideal for patients with shunts and/or right ventricular dysfunction. to our knowledge, this is the first report of this configuration in patients with congenital heart diseases.

关键词： Eisenmenger Syndrome Venopulmonary Artery ECMO Refractory Hypoxemia Right Ventricular Dysfunction

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the influence factors of NMR logging porosity in complex fluid reservoir

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 212-217页

作者： DUNN Keh jim State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and prospecting (at China University of Petroleum)

Porosity is a basic parameter for evaluating reservoir,and NMR logging is an effective method to obtain the porosity. However,we have often found that there exist significant differences between NMR po-rosities and formation core porosities in the complex reservoir. In this paper,we list the factors which affect the NMR porosity response in the complex reservoir,such as longitudinal relaxation time (t1),transverse relaxation time (t2),hydrogen index (HI) and borehole environment. We show how these factors affect the NMR porosity response and suggest methods to correct them. this should improve the accuracy of NMR logging porosity in complex reservoirs for the terrestrial formation.

关键词： NMR logging complex fluid reservoir porosity influencing factors

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the relation between ductility at high temperature and solid solution in Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 241-256页

作者： D.F.Shi C.M.Cepeda-jiménez M.t.Pérez-Prado IM DEA Materials Institute C/Eric Ka ridel228906 GetafeMadridSpain Department of Materials Science Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politecnica de MadridE.T.S.de Ingenieros de Caminos28040MadridSpain Department of Physical Metallurgy CENIMCSICAv.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain

this work investigates the effect of solid solution on ductility and on the activation of individual deformation mechanisms at moderate temperatures and at quasi-static strain rates in Mg-Zn and Mg-Al alloys. With that aim, four solid solution Mg-Zn and Mg-Al binary alloy ingots containing 1 and 2 wt.% solute atoms were subjected to hot rolling and subsequent annealing to generate polycrystals with similar average grain size and basal-type texture for each composition. the activity of the different slip systems after tensile testing at 150°C and at 250°C was evaluated in pure Mg and in the alloys by EBSD-assisted slip trace analysis. In addition, segregation of Zn and Al atoms at grain boundaries during the thermo-mechanical processing was characterized by HAADF-StEM and EDX. It was found that while the addition of Al and Zn atoms to pure Mg does not lead to major changes in the mechanical strength at the investigated temperatures, it does enhance ductility significantly, especially at 250℃. Our results show that this increase in ductility cannot be attributed to a higher activation of non-basal systems in the alloys, as reported earlier, as the incidence of non-basal systems is indeed considerably higher in pure Mg. this work suggests, on the contrary, that the ductility increase may be attributed to the presence of a more homogenous basal activity in the alloys due to a lower degree of orientation clustering, to grain boundary solute segregation, and to a higher slip diffusivity at grain interiors.

关键词： Magnesium Solute segregation Slip trace analysis Ductility Deformation mechanisms

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Defect of CD8+ Memory t Cells Developed in Absence of IL-12 Priming for Secondary Expansion

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第2期5卷 147-152页

作者： terence Moyana jim Xiang Department of Pathology University of OttawaOntario K1H 8L6Canada Department of Oncology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 4H4Canada

IL-12 priming plays an important role in stimulation of CD8+ effector t cells and development of CD8+ memory t (tm) cells. However,the functional alteration of CD8+ tm cells developed in the absence of IL-12 priming is elusive. In this study,we investigated the capacity of secondary expansion of CD8+ tm cells developed from transgenic Ot I CD8+ t cells. the latter cells were in vitro and in vivo stimulated by ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed dendritic cells DCOVA and (IL-12-/-)DCOVA derived from wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-12 gene knockout mice,respectively. We demonstrated that IL-12 priming is important not only in CD8+ t cell clonal expansion,but also in generation of CD8+ tm cells with the capacity of secondary expansion upon antigen re-encounter. However,IL-12 signaling is not involved in CD8+ tm cell survival and recall responses. therefore,this study provides useful information for vaccine design and development.

关键词： IL-12 effector CD8+ t cell memory t cell recall response

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