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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第3期3卷 205-211页

作者： Siguo Hao Ou Bai Jinying Yuan Mabood Qureshi jim Xiang Research Unit Division of Health Research Saskatchewan Cancer Agency Departments of Oncology Immunology and Pathology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan STN 4H4 Canada Siguo Hao and Ou Bai made the same contribution in this study

Exosomes （EXO） derived from dendritic cells （DC） and tumor cells have been used to stimulate antitumor immune responses in animal models and in clinical trials. However, there has been no side-by-side comparison of the stimulatory efficiency of the antitumor immune responses induced by these two commonly used EXO vaccines. In this study, we selected to study the phenotype characteristics of EXO derived from a transfected EG7 tumor cells expressing ovalbumin （OVA） and OVA-pulsed DC by flow cytometry. We compared the stimulatory effect in induction of OVA-specific immune responses between these two types of EXO. We found that OVA protein-pulsed DCOVA-derived EXO （EXODC） can more efficiently stimulate naive OVA-specific CD8^＋ T cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo, and induce more efficient antitumor immunity than EG7 tumor cell-derived EXO （EXOEG7）. In addition, we elucidated the important role of the host DC in EXO vaccines that the stimulatory effect of EXO is delivered to T cell responses by the host DC. Therefore, DC-derived EXO may represent a more effective EXO-based vaccine in induction of antitumor immunity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：205-211.

关键词： dendritic cell exosome tumor cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte antitumor immunity

Joint Statement on COVID-19

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Engineering 2021年第3期7卷 273-274页

作者： Xiaohong Li jim McDonald John L.Anderson Presidents of Chinese Aeademy of Einginering(CAE)Royal Amdemy of Ergineering(RAErg) and US national Academy of Engineering(NAE)

Advances in engineering and technology have played an indispensable role in shaping social and economic development.A host of new global challenges have appeared,though,that must be addressed through engineering education,research,and *** address such challenges,the national academies of engineering of China,the United Kingdom,and the United States have jointly sponsored four Global Grand Challenges Summits(GGCS)since *** GGCS were launched to accelerate global engage-ment on the Grand Challenges for Engineering-14 goals for improving life on the planet-and encourage international collabo-rations to achieve them.

关键词： jointly Grand planet

Automated Machine Learning for Epileptic Seizure Detection Based on EEG Signals

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1995-2011页

作者： Jian Liu Yipeng Du Xiang Wang Wuguang Yue jim Feng University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083China Hwa Create Co. LtdBeijing100193China Amphenol Global Interconnect Systems San JoseCA 95131US

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease and severely affects the daily life of *** automatic detection and diagnosis system of epilepsy based on electroencephalogram(EEG)is of great significance to help patients with epilepsy return to normal *** the development of deep learning technology and the increase in the amount of EEG data,the performance of deep learning based automatic detection algorithm for epilepsy EEG has gradually surpassed the traditional hand-crafted ***,the neural architecture design for epilepsy EEG analysis is time-consuming and laborious,and the designed structure is difficult to adapt to the changing EEG collection environment,which limits the application of the epilepsy EEG automatic detection *** this paper,we explore the possibility of Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)playing a role in the task of epilepsy EEG *** apply the neural architecture search(NAS)algorithm in the AutoKeras platform to design the model for epilepsy EEG analysis and utilize feature interpretability methods to ensure the reliability of the searched *** experimental results show that the model obtained through NAS outperforms the baseline model in *** searched model improves classification accuracy,F1-score and Cohen’s kappa coefficient by 7.68%,7.82%and 9.60%respectively than the baseline ***,NASbased model is capable of extracting EEG features related to seizures for classification.

关键词： Deep learning automated machine learning EEG seizure detection

Understanding Business Disruption and Economic Losses Due to Electricity Failures and Flooding

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 421-438页

作者： Elco Koks Raghav Pant Scott Thacker jim W.Hall Environmental Change Institute University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QYUK Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) Marmorvej 512100 CopenhagenDenmark

Failure of critical national infrastructures can cause disruptions with widespread economic *** analyze these economic impacts,we present an integrated modeling framework that combines:(1)geospatial information on infrastructure assets/networks and the natural hazards to which they are exposed;(2)geospatial modeling of the reliance of businesses upon infrastructure services,in order to quantify disruption to businesses locations and economic activities in the event of infrastructure failures;and(3)multiregional supply-use economic modeling to analyze wider economic impacts of disruptions to *** methodology is exemplified through a case study for the United *** study uses geospatial information on the location of electricity infrastructure assets and local industrial areas,and employs a multiregional supply-use model of the UK economy that traces the impacts of floods of different return intervals across37 subnational regions of the *** results show up to a300%increase in total economic losses when power outages are included in the risk assessment,compared to analysis that just includes the economic impacts of business interruption due to flooded business *** increase indicates that risk studies that do not include failure of critical infrastructures may be underestimating the total losses.

关键词： Economic impacts Flood hazard Indirect economic losses Infrastructure failure United Kingdom

Classification of Arrhythmia Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Encoder-Decoder Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 265-278页

作者： Jian Liu Xiaodong Xia Chunyang Han Jiao Hui jim Feng School of Computer&Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Satellite Navigation Center Beijing100093China The Institute of NBC Defense Chinese PLA ArmyBeijing102205China Amphenol Global Interconnect Systems San JoseCA 95131US

As a common and high-risk type of disease,heart disease seriously threatens people’s *** the same time,in the era of the Internet of Thing(IoT),smart medical device has strong practical significance for medical workers and patients because of its ability to assist in the diagnosis of ***,the research of real-time diagnosis and classification algorithms for arrhythmia can help to improve the diagnostic efficiency of *** this paper,we design an automatic arrhythmia classification algorithm model based on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and Encoder-Decoder *** model uses Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)to consider the influence of time series features on classification ***,it is trained and tested by the MIT-BIH arrhythmia ***,Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN)is adopted as a method of data equalization for solving data imbalance *** simulation results show that for the inter-patient arrhythmia classification,the hybrid model combining CNN and Encoder-Decoder model has the best classification accuracy,of which the accuracy can reach 94.05%.Especially,it has a better advantage for the classification effect of supraventricular ectopic beats(class S)and fusion beats(class F).

关键词： Electroencephalography convolutional neural network long short-term memory encoder-decoder model generative adversarial network

Auxiliary Diagnosis Based on the Knowledge Graph of TCM Syndrome

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 481-494页

作者： Yonghong Xie Liangyuan Hu Xingxing Chen jim Feng Dezheng Zhang School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science Beijing100083China Amphenol Global Interconnect Systems San JoseCA 95131USA

As one of the most valuable assets in China,traditional medicine has a long history and contains pieces of *** diagnosis and treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has benefited from the natural language processing *** paper proposes a knowledge-based syndrome reasoning method in computer-assisted *** method is based on the established knowledge graph of TCM and this paper introduces the reinforcement learning algorithm to mine the hidden relationship among the entities and obtain the reasoning *** to this reasoning path,we could infer the path from the symptoms to the syndrome and get all possibilities via the relationship between symptoms and ***,this study applies the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)idea to the computer-assisted diagnosis of TCM for the score of syndrome ***,combined with symptoms,syndrome,and causes,the disease could be confirmed comprehensively by voting,and the experiment shows that the system can help doctors and families to disease diagnosis effectively.

关键词： Knowledge graph reinforcement learning auxiliary diagnosis inference path

Water and nutrient and energy systems in urbanizing watersheds

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 596-611页

作者： Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER Michael Bruce BECKl, jim W. HALL Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Oxford University Centre for the Environment South Parks Road Oxford OXI 3QY UK

Driven by considerations of sustainability, it has become increasingly difficult over the past 15-20 years -- at least intellectually -- to separate out the water infrastructure and water metabolism of cities from their intimately inter-related nutrient and energy metabolisms. Much of the focus of this difficulty settles on the wastewater component of the city＇s water infrastructure and its associated fluxes of nutrients （N, P, C, and so on）. Indeed, notwithstanding the massive volumes of these materials flowing into and out of the city, the notion of an urban nutrient infrastructure is conspicuous by its absence. Likewise, we do not tend to discuss, or conduct research into, ＂soilshed＂ agencies, or soilshed management, or Integrated Nutrient Resources Management （as opposed to its most familiar companion, Integrated Water Resources Management, or IWRM）. The paper summarizes some of the benefits （and challenges） deriving from adopting this broader, multi-sectoral ＂systems＂ perspective on addres- sing water-nutrient-energy systems in city-watershed settings. Such a perspective resonates with the growing interest in broader policy circles in what is called the ＂water-food-energy security nexus＂. The benefits and challenges of our Multi-sectoral Systems Analysis （MSA） are illustrated through computational results from two primary case studies： Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and London, UK. Since our work is part of the International Network on Cities as Forces for Good in the Environment （CFG; see ***）, in which other case studies are currently being initiated -- for example, on Kath- mandu, Nepal we close by reflecting upon these issues of water-nutrient-energy systems in three urban settings with quite different styles and speeds of development.

关键词： cities climate change energy sector nutrientsector systems analysis resource recovery water-food-energy security

Military trainees can accurately measure optic nerve sheath diameter after a brief training session

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Military Medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 183-188页

作者： Joseph Betcher Torben KBecker Peter Stoyanoff jim Cranford Nik Theyyunni Department of Emergency Medicine Mercy Health Muskegon1500ESherman BlvdMuskegonMI49444USA Department of CriticalCare Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center200LothropStPittsburghPA15213USA Department of Emergency Medicine Hurley Hospital1Hurley PlazaFlintMI48503USA Department ofPsychiatry University of Michigan1500E Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Emergency Medicine University ofMichigan1500E Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA.

Background: Identification of elevated intracranial pressure is important following traumatic brain injury. We assessed the feasibility of educating military trainees on accurately obtaining optic nerve sheath diameter measurements using a brief didactic and hands-on training session. Optic nerve sheath diameter is a noninvasive surrogate marker for elevated intracranial pressure, and may be of value in remote military operations, where rapid triage decisions must be made without access to advanced medical ***: Military trainees with minimal ultrasound experience were given a 5-min didactic presentation on optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound. Trainees practiced optic nerve sheath diameter measurements guided by emergency physician ultrasound experts. Trainees then measured the optic nerve sheath diameter on normal volunteers. Following this, a trained physician measured the optic nerve sheath diameter on the same volunteer as a criterion standard. An average of three measurements was ***: Twenty-three military trainees were enrolled. A mixed design ANOVA was used to compare measurements by trainees to those of physicians, with a mean difference of –0.6 mm(P=0.76). A Bland-Altman analysis showed that the degree of bias in optic nerve sheath diameter measures provided by trainees was very small: d=–0.004 for the right eye and d=–0.007 for the left ***: This study demonstrates that optic nerve sheath diameter measurement can be accurately performed by novice ultrasonographers after a brief training session. If validated, point-of-care optic nerve sheath diameter measurement could impact the triage of injured patients in remote areas.

关键词： Ultrasound Military Optic nerve sheath diameter Intracranial pressure Education

Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a subtropical wheat field under different nitrogen fertilization strategies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 196-210页

作者： Shuai Liu jim J.Wang Zhou Tian Xudong Wang Stephen Harrison College of Resources and Environment Northwest A & F University School of Plant Environmental and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural Center

Minimizing soil ammonia（NH_3） and nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission factors（EFs） has significant implications in regional air quality and greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions besides nitrogen（N） nutrient *** aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of different N fertilizer treatments of conventional urea,polymer-coated urea,ammonia sulfate,urease inhibitor（NBPT,N-（n-butyl） thiophosphoric triamide）-treated urea,and nitrification inhibitor（DCD,dicyandiamide）-treated urea on emissions of NH_3 and GHGs from subtropical wheat cultivation.A field study was established in a Cancienne silt loam *** growth season,NH_3 emission following N fertilization was characterized using active chamber method whereas GHG emissions of N_2O,carbon dioxide（CO_2）,and methane（CH_4） were by passive chamber *** results showed that coated urea exhibited the largest reduction（49%） in the EF of NH_3-N followed by NBPT-treated urea（39%） and DCD-treated urea（24%） over conventional urea,whereas DCD-treated urea had the greatest suppression on N_2O-N（87%） followed by coated urea（76%） and NBPT-treated urea（69%）.Split fertilization of ammonium sulfate-urea significantly lowered both NH_3-N and N_2O-N EF values but split urea treatment had no impact over one-time application of *** NBPT and DCD-treated urea treatments lowered CO_2-C flux but had no effect on CH_4-C ***,application of coated urea or urea with NPBT or DCD could be used as a mitigation strategy for reducing NH_3 and N_2O emissions in subtropical wheat production in Southern USA.

关键词： Ammonia Nitrous oxide Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrogen fertilization

Interferon γ Stimulates Cellular Maturation of Dendritic Cell Line DC2.4 Leading to Induction of Efficient Cytotoxic T Cell Responses and Antitumor Immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第2期4卷 105-111页

作者： Tianpei He Chaoke Tang Shulin Xu Terence Moyana jim Xiang Research Unit Health Research Division Saskatchewan Cancer Agency Departments of Oncology and Immunology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 4H4 Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Ottawa Ontario Canada

Dendritic cells （DCs） are the most potent antigen-presenting cells （APCs） for the initiation of antigen （Ag）-specific immune responses. In most studies, mature DCs are generated from bone marrow cells or peripheral monocytes; in either case, the harvested cells are then cultured in medium containing recombinant GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α for 7-10 days and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. However, this approach is time-consuming and expensive. There is another less cost approach of using immobilized DC cell lines, which can easily grow in the medium. A disadvantage with the immobilized DC cell lines, however, is that they are immature DCs and lack expression of MHC class Ⅱ and costimulatory CD40 and CD80 molecules. This, therefore, limits their capacity for inducing efficient antitumor immunity. In the current study, we investigated the possible efficacy of various stimuli （IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α CpG and LPS） in converting the immature dendritic cell line DC2.4 to mature DCs. Our findings were quite interesting since we demonstrated for the first time that IFN-γ was able to stimulate the maturation of DC2.4 cells. The IFN-γ-activated ovalbumin （OVA）-pulsed DC2.4 cells have capacity to upregulate MHC class Ⅱ, CD40, CD80 and CCR7, and to more efficiently stimulate in vitro and in vivo OVA-specific CD8^＋ T cell responses and antitumor immunity. Therefore, IFN-γ-activated immortal DC2.4 ceils may prove to be useful in the study of DC biology and antitumor immunity.

关键词： IFN-γ DC2.4 line DC maturation CTL antitumor immunity