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Qualitative studies of obesity: A review of methodology

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Health 2013年第8期5卷 69-80页

作者： Ian Brown jill Gould Centre for Health & Social Care Research Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK

BACKGROUND: There is a developing interest in qualitative research to understand the perspectives and experiences of people living with obesity. However, obesity is a stigmatised condition associated with negative stereotypes. Social contexts emphasizing large body size as a problem, including research interviews, may amplify obesity stigma. This study reviews the methodology employed by qualitative studies in which study participants were obese and data collection involved face-to-face interviews. METHODS: Database searches identified qualitative studies meeting inclusion criteria from 1995 to 2012. Following screening and appraisal data were systematically extracted and analyzed from 31 studies. RESULTS: The studies included 1206 participants with a mean age of 44 years and mean BMI of37 kg/m2. Women (78.8%) outnumbered men (21.2%) by four to one. Socio-economic background was not consistently reported. The studies employed similar, typically pragmatic, qualitative methodologies, providing rich textual data on the experience of obesity derived from face-to-face interviews. The majority considered quality issues in data collection, analyses and generalizability of findings. However, the studies were weak as regards researcher reflexivity in relation to interviewer characteristics and obesity stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of obesity stigma has not been attended to in the qualitative research. Clear information about study participants is essential, but studies involving face-to-face interviews should also report on interviewer characteristics including body size.

关键词： Obesity Stigma Qualitative Methods Researcher Reflexivity

Immune mediators in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第3期36卷 131-138页

作者： Jinlu Dai Yi Lu Hernan Roca jill M. Keller Jian Zhang Laurie K. McCauley Evan T. Keller Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109 USA Center for Translational Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 520021 P. R. China Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Urology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109.8940 USA

Prostate cancer tissue is composed of both cancer cells and host *** milieu of host components that compose the tumor is termed the tumor microenvironment(TME).Host cells can be those derived from the tissue in which the tumor originates(e.g.,fibroblasts and endothelial cells)or those recruited,through chemotactic or other factors,to the tumor(e.g.,circulating immune cells).Some immune cells are key players in the TME and represent a large proportion of non-tumor cells found within the *** cells can have both anti-tumor and pro-tumor *** addition,crosstalk between prostate cancer cells and immune cells affects immune cell *** this review,we focus on immune cells and cytokines that contribute to tumor *** discuss T-regulatory and T helper17 cells and macrophages as key modulators in prostate cancer *** addition,we discuss the roles of interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in modulating prostate cancer *** review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines offer a potentially promising target for prostate cancer therapy.

关键词： Prostate cancer Tumor microenvironment Macrophage T-regulatory cell Th17 cell Interleukin-6 Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand

Airports Seize Tweezers,Scissors by Thousands

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当代外语研究 2001年第10期 15-16页

作者： jill Serjeant 孙颖

911恐怖袭击美国的事件,对美国的经济、文化乃至大众的心理产生的冲击波巨大而又久远。机场强化了安检工作。以下七类用品皆不准携带入机舱: scissors(剪刀),corkscrews(开塞钻),umbrellas,nail clippers,plastic guns,razors and knive... 详细信息

911恐怖袭击美国的事件,对美国的经济、文化乃至大众的心理产生的冲击波巨大而又久远。机场强化了安检工作。以下七类用品皆不准携带入机舱: scissors(剪刀),corkscrews(开塞钻),umbrellas,nail clippers,plastic guns,razors and knives of any description(种类),因为它们被认为是:potentialweapons。

关键词：开塞钻 Airports Seize Tweezers,Scissors by Thousands

Aging and the life course : an introduction to social gerontology 3rd ed.

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An algorithm for family screening for coeliac disease

2005年

作者： jill Quadagno

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7805-7809页

作者： Jocelyn S Fraser Alistair L King H Julia Ellis Simon J Moodie Ingvar Bjarnason jill Swift Paul J Ciclitira Division of Nutritional Sciences King's College London United Kingdom Division of Nutritional Sciences King’s College London United Kingdom

AIM: To assess the level of undiagnosed coeliac disease (CD) in relatives of patients affected by the condition. METHODS: We collected blood from 914 relatives of probands. We screened these individuals by ELISA for IgA and IgG tTG antibodies, confirming any positive IgA tTG results with an IgA EMA and looked for evidence of IgA deficiency in those who were IgG tTG positive alone, and performed IgG1 EMA in these individuals. We undertook HLA typing where positive screening was found, and this confirmed a strong prevalence of HLA- DQ2 in the coeliac population. Follow-up small intestinal biopsy was undertaken in cases with positive serological screening, wherever possible. RESULTS:Use of this serological screening algorithm revealed a prevalence of undiagnosed CD in 5%-6% of first degree relatives of probands. CONCLUSION:Our data suggests that first degree relatives of individuals with CD should be screened for this condition.

关键词： Coeliac disease Screening Endomysialantibody Familial study IgA deficiency Prevalence Tissue transglutaminase

Short-term effects of vacuum massage on epidermal and dermal thickness and density in burn scars: an experimental study

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 216-224页

作者： jill Meirte Peter Moortgat Mieke Anthonissen Koen Maertens Cynthia Lafaire Lieve De Cuyper Guy Hubens Ulrike Van Daele OSCARE Organisation for BurnsScar After-care and ResearchVan Roiestraat 182170 AntwerpBelgium Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 AntwerpBelgium OSCARE Organisation for BurnsScar After-care and ResearchVan Roiestraat 182170 AntwerpBelgium OSCARE Organisation for BurnsScar After-care and ResearchVan Roiestraat 182170 AntwerpBelgium KU Leuven Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesLeuvenBelgium OSCARE Organisation for BurnsScar After-care and ResearchVan Roiestraat 182170 AntwerpBelgium Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium OSCARE Organisation for BurnsScar After-care and ResearchVan Roiestraat 182170 AntwerpBelgium ZNA Stuivenberg Burn CenterAntwerpBelgium Department of Antwerp Surgical Training Anatomy and Research Centre University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 AntwerpBelgium

Background:Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and *** date,no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been *** process in which external stimuli are converted into biochemical responses in the cell is known as *** the skin endothelial cells,fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in the extracellular matrix(ECM)sense mechanical stimuli(created by vacuum massage)and may promote intracellular processes leading to matrix *** mechanotransduction could be a plausible working mechanism for vacuum massage as an anti-scarring therapy,this study aims to investigate the short-term effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of epidermis and dermis in burn scars in order to find proof of ECM ***:A one group experimental study was *** with burn scars on upper extremities,lower extremities,and trunk were recruited for participation in this *** DUB?cutis 22 MHz ultrasound scanner was used to assess thickness and density of the epidermal and dermal skin *** baseline measurements,vacuum massage was performed according to a pre-defined *** were carried out at 5 min,30 min,1 h,and 2 h ***:Thirteen scar sites from 9 different patients were *** 8 out of the 13 scar sites,a disruption of the epidermis was noticed after the vacuum *** minutes after the intervention,epidermal density decreased statistically significantly(p=.022)and dermal thickness increased(p=.018).Both changes lasted for more than 1 h,but after 2 h,the changes were no longer statistically *** density decreased significantly(p=.048)immediately after the intervention,and this decrease was still present after 2 h(p=.011).Conclusions:Preliminary results show that the disruption of the epidermis may indicate that vacuum massage could be able to actually breach the s

关键词： Burn Scars Vacuum massage Dermal thickness Dermal density

Therapeutic resistance in cancer: microRNA regulation of EGFR signaling networks

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2013年第4期10卷 192-205页

作者： German G.Gomez jill Wykosky Ciro Zanca Frank B.Furnari Webster K.Cavenee Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research University of California San Diego

Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)regulate cellular homeostatic *** activates downstream signaling cascades that promote tumor cell survival,proliferation and *** of EGFR signaling as a consequence of overexpression,amplification and mutation of the EGFR gene occurs frequently in several types of cancers and many become dependent on EGFR signaling to maintain their malignant ***,concerted efforts have been mounted to develop therapeutic agents and strategies to effectively inhibit ***,limited therapeutic benefits to cancer patients have been derived from EGFR-targeted therapies.A well-documented obstacle to improved patient survival is the presence of EGFR-inhibitor resistant tumor cell variants within heterogeneous tumor cell ***,we summarize the mechanisms by which tumors resist EGFR-targeted therapies and highlight the emerging role of microRNAs(miRs)as downstream effector molecules utilized by EGFR to promote tumor initiation,progression and that play a role in resistance to EGFR *** also examine evidence supporting the utility of miRs as predictors of response to targeted therapies and novel therapeutic agents to circumvent EGFR-inhibitor resistance mechanisms.

关键词： Epidermal growth factor receptor microRNA tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapeutic resistance

Traceability, international standardization programs,and world-wide reference systems in laboratory medicine

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中华检验医学杂志 2008年第3期31卷 250-252页

作者： Francesco Dati jill Tate IVD-Consulting Pappelweg 18 D-35041 Marburg Germany Pathology Queensland Chemical Pathology Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herstan Queensland 4029 Australia

随着科学与技术的发展，临床检验近年出现了许多新的检验项目，尤其是利用免疫学原理对某些浓度很低的特殊蛋白的检测，但这些检测的结果可以是方法特异的，一种方法结果可能无法与其他方法结果相比较。为实现标准化或一致化，不同免疫... 详细信息

随着科学与技术的发展，临床检验近年出现了许多新的检验项目，尤其是利用免疫学原理对某些浓度很低的特殊蛋白的检测，但这些检测的结果可以是方法特异的，一种方法结果可能无法与其他方法结果相比较。为实现标准化或一致化，不同免疫分析的方法设计需具有可比性，校准物需溯源至同一参考物质。新的欧盟法规要求体外诊断产品的校准物和控制物的定值需具有溯源性，此要求适用所有体外诊断产品，对全球制造商和临床实验室产生影响。溯源原理基于EN ISO 17511，方法间结果的可比性有赖于合理设计的参考系统。此参考系统包括下列基本要素：足够明确的分析物定义，参考测量程序，适当的一级和次级参考物质，经过认可的参考实验室网络，临床溯源性相关信息，以及测量不确定度表述等。溯源性通过不间断的校准链（溯源链）实现，后者由交替出现的测量程序和校准物质组成。SI溯源链始于分析物的SI单位定义，随后通过一级参考测量程序和一级参考物质传递SI单位。量值的准确性或正确性源于一级参考测量程序和一级参考物质，但由于一级参考物质价格昂贵，一级参考测量程序无法在常规检测中应用，尚需中间的校准物和方法将准确性传递至产品校准物，最终至患者样品。每一次传递都会增加误差或不确定度，因此溯源链的传递步骤越少越好。正确的传递链要求每一测量程序的检测特异性和每一校准品的互通性，达不到这些要求会使溯源链中断。制造商还需确定校准品定值的不确定度并将这一信息提供给用户，在计量学上不确定度与定值同样重要。临床实验室位于溯源链的终端，结果的溯源性有赖于制造商所使用和描述的参考测量程序和参考物质。建立校准物的溯源性和改进检验结果的可比性需要标准化计划，这意味着使检测结果尽可能接近上一级参考测量程序得到的真值。采用较低级别的公认方法为特定的参考物质定值时，上述过程表述为“一致化”，而不是“标准化”，因为一致的结果不一定是真值。为整理和公布检验医学现有较高级别参考物质、参考测量程序和参考实验室，国际计量局（BIPM）、国际临床化学联合会（IFCC）和国际实验室认可协会（ILAC）成立检验医学溯源联合委员会（简称JCTLM）。JCLTM的主要任务是通过实施参考系统，建立检验结果溯源性，改进其可比性，从而提高医疗卫生质量并降低费用。JCTLM设立工作框架，按照国际标准（ISO 17511，15193，15194）建立参考物质和参考测量程序认定步骤。工作任务被很快确立并付诸实施，包括建立参考物质和参考测量程序列表，建立参考实验室网络，建立新的参考物质和参考测量程序的审批程序，以及合作研发新的参考物质和参考测量程序。

关键词：参考标准校准临床检验参考物质参考测量程序实验室检验参考系统溯源性

An Antipodean Common Lawyer’s Observations of China’s Proposed Evidence Act

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An Antipodean Common Lawyer’s Observations of China’s Prop...