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Dissecting Maize Productivity:Ideotypes Associated with Grain Yield under Drought Stress and Well-watered Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第12期54卷 1007-1020页

作者： jill e.cairns Ciro Sanchez Mateo Vargas Raziel Ordoez Jose Luis Araus Global Maize Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Mexico D.F.Mexico Bioinformatics and Statistics Unit International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Mexico D.F.Mexico Unit of Plant Physiology Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

To increase maize （Zea mays L.） yields in drought-prone environments and offset predicted maize yield losses under future climates, the development of improved breeding pipelines using a multi-disciplinary approach is essential. elucidating key growth processes will provide opportunities to improve drought breeding progress through the identification of key phenotypic traits, ideotypes, and donors. In this study, we tested a large set of tropical and subtropical maize inbreds and single cross hybrids under reproductive stage drought stress and well-watered conditions. Patterns of biomass production, senescence, and plant water status were measured throughout the crop cycle. Under drought stress, early biomass production prior to anthesis was important for inbred yield, while delayed senescence was important for hybrid yield. Under well-watered conditions, the ability to maintain a high biomass throughout the growing cycle was crucial for inbred yield, while a stay-green pattern was important for hybrid yield. While new quantitative phenotyping tools such as spectral reflectance （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI） allowed for the characterization of growth and senescence patterns as well as yield, qualitative measurements of canopy senescence were also found to be associated with grain yield.

关键词： Climate change drought stress ideotypes maize senescence spectral reflectance.

Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley jill e.cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi Sieglinde Snapp ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(eIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INeRA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security.Rising temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural systems.Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed environments.We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops.experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands.Importantly,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early vigor.We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and speed.We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

SARS-CoV-2 triggers Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)modulation of T helper cells and lung pathology in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 9-12页

作者： Yifan Wu Freedom M.Green Stephen A.Shaw Lauren J.Bonilla Shannon e.Ronca Maria elena Bottazzi Farrah Kheradmand jill e.Weatherhead Department of Pathology&Immunology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA National School of Tropical Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Molecular Virology&Microbiology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA Biologyof Inflammation Center Baylor College of MedicineOne BaylorPlazaHoustonTX77030USA Michael e.DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases HoustonTX 77030USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCov-2)is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)pandemic.In viral infections like SARS-CoV-2,a robust anti-viral type 1 immune response,including upregulation of type 1 CD4+T helper cells(Th1),is required for effective viral clearance while minimizing end-organ pathology and collateral tissue damage.

关键词： pathology acute respiratory

Cytomegalovirus Transverse Myelitis Secondary to Influenza Infection and early Recovery:A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 41-42页

作者： jill S.Bhavsar Lekhini K.Fultariya Poojan J.Prajapati Archi K.Dhamelia Jaime e.Campos Department of Infectious Disease Hialeah HospitalMiamiFL(affiliated with HerbertWertheim College of MedicineFlorida International University)33013USA

Immunosuppression can lead to opportunistic infections in a host.The evidence of viral infections causing immunosuppression in a host for a transient period is gaining attention.In order to prolong their stay in the human body,viruses affect the human immune systemin various ways.Common viral infections such as influenza can lead to transient lymphocytopenia,which lays the groundwork for more dangerous opportunistic infections.Cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection is a rare cause of inflammatory myelopathy.We present the case of a patient with an influenza infection who progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia,and idiopathic lymphocytopenia with a CD4 count of 61 perμL on arrival.After 2 weeks,the patient developed complete flaccid paralysis with sensory and autonomic dysfunction.Because his polymerase chain reaction results of cerebrospinal fluid and blood test were positive for CMV infection,he was treated with high doses of steroids and ganciclovir intravenously.Due to early diagnosis and intervention,the patient was able to recover in 2 months with only minimal residual weakness.Thus,this case stresses on the importance of looking out for opportunistic infections in patients affected by severe viral infections for their early recovery.

关键词： Influenza,Human Lymphocytopenia Transverse myelitis Case report

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay e.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon jill L.edmondson David Fletcher edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARe) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

primiReference: a reference for analysis of primary-microRNA expression in single-nucleus sequencing data

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第2期50卷 108-121页

作者： Amy e.elias Thomas A.Nuñez Bianca Kun jill A.Kreiling Roche WilmingtonMA 01887USA. Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02903USA Public Health Genetics University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing technology has revolutionized understanding of nuanced changes in gene expression between cell types within tissues.Unfortunately,our understanding of regulatory RNAs,such as microRNAs(miRNAs),is limited through both single-cell and single-nucleus techniques due to the short length of miRNAs in the cytoplasm and the incomplete reference of longer primary miRNA(pri-miRNA)transcripts in the nucleus.We build a custom reference to align and count pri-miRNA sequences in singlenucleus data.Using young and aged subventricular zone(SVZ)nuclei,we show differential expression of pri-miRNAs targeting genes involved in neural stem cells(NSC)differentiation in the aged SVZ.Furthermore,using wild-type and 5XFAD mouse model cortex nuclei,to validate the use of primiReference,we find cell-type-specific expression of pri-miRNAs known to be involved in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).pri-miRNAs likely contribute to NSC dysregulation with age and AD pathology.primiReference is paramount in capturing a global profile of gene expression and regulation in single-nucleus data and can provide key insights into cell-type-specific expression of pri-miRNAs,paving the way for future studies of regulation and pathway dysregulation.By looking at pri-miRNA abundance and transcriptional differences,regulation of gene expression by miRNAs in disease and aging can be further explored.

关键词： Primary-microRNA Aging Subventricular zone Alzheimer’s disease Single-nucleus RNA-Seq microRNA Transcriptomics

Preclinical-to-clinical Anti-cancer Drug Response Prediction and Biomarker Identification Using TINDL

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第3期21卷 535-550页

作者： David earl Hostallero Lixuan Wei Liewei Wang Junmei cairns Amin emad Department of electrical and Computer engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0E9Canada Mila–Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute MontrealQC H2S 3H1Canada Department of Molecular Pharmacology and experimental Therapeutics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 1A3Canada

Prediction of the response of cancer patients to different treatments and identification of biomarkers of drug response are two major goals of individualized medicine.Here,we developed a deep learning framework called TINDL,completely trained on preclinical cancer cell lines(CCLs),to predict the response of cancer patients to different treatments.TINDL utilizes a tissue-informed normalization to account for the tissue type and cancer type of the tumors and to reduce the statistical discrepancies between CCLs and patient tumors.Moreover,by making the deep learning black box interpretable,this model identifies a small set of genes whose expression levels are predictive of drug response in the trained model,enabling identification of biomarkers of drug response.Using data from two large databases of CCLs and cancer tumors,we showed that this model can distinguish between sensitive and resistant tumors for 10(out of 14)drugs,outperforming various other machine learning models.In addition,our small interfering RNA(siRNA)knockdown experiments on 10 genes identified by this model for one of the drugs(tamoxifen)confirmed that tamoxifen sensitivity is substantially influenced by all of these genes in MCF7 cells,and seven of these genes in T47D cells.Furthermore,genes implicated for multiple drugs pointed to shared mechanism of action among drugs and suggested several important signaling pathways.In summary,this study provides a powerful deep learning framework for prediction of drug response and identification of biomarkers of drug response in cancer.The code can be accessed at https://***/ddhostallero/tindl.

关键词： Drug response Deep learning explainable AI Cancer Gene knockdown experiment

Metabolic and Phenotypic Responses of Greenhouse-Grown Maize Hybrids to experimentally Controlled Drought Stress

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 401-417页

作者： Sandra Witt Luis Galicia Jan Lisec jill cairns Axel Tiessen Jose Luis Araus Natalia Palacios-Rojas Alisdair R. Fernie Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany CIMMYT Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico DF Mexico CIMMYT Int. PO Box MP 163 Mount Pleasant Harare Zimbabwe Departamento de Ingenieria CINVeSTAV Unidad Irapuato KM 9.8 Libramiento Norte CP 36821 Irapuato Guanajuato Mexico University of Barcelona Department of Vegetal Biology Faculty of Biology Av. Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain

Adaptation to abiotic stresses like drought is an important acquirement of agriculturally relevant crops like maize. Development of enhanced drought tolerance in crops grown in climatic zones where drought is a very dominant stress factor therefore plays an essential role in plant breeding. Previous studies demonstrated that corn yield potential and enhanced stress tolerance are associated traits. In this study, we analyzed six different maize hybrids for their ability to deal with drought stress in a greenhouse experiment. We were able to combine data from morphophysiological parameters measured under well-watered conditions and under water restriction with metabolic data from different organs. These different organs possessed distinct metabolite compositions, with the leaf blade displaying the most considerable metabolome changes following water deficiency. Whilst we could show a general increase in metabolite levels under drought stress, including changes in amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and intermediates of the TCA cycle, these changes were not differential between maize hybrids that had previously been designated based on field trial data as either drought-tolerant or susceptible. The fact that data described here resulted from a greenhouse experiment with rather different growth conditions compared to natural ones in the field may explain why tolerance groups could not be confirmed in this study. We were, however, able to highlight several metabolites that displayed conserved responses to drought as well as metabolites whose levels correlated well with certain physiological traits.

关键词： carbon metabolism metabolomics water relations.

Relationship between single and bulk mechanical properties for zeolite ZSM5 spray-dried particles

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Particuology 2014年第3期12卷 130-138页

作者： M.Marigo D.L.cairns J.Bowen A.Ingram e.H.Stitt Johnson Matthey Technology Centre P.O.Box 1Belasis AvenueBillinghamCleveland TS23 1LBUnited Kingdom Centre for Formulation engineering Chemical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of BirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom

In this work typical mechanical properties for a catalyst support material, ZSM5 （a spray-dried granular zeolite）, have been measured in order to relate the bulk behaviour of the powder material to the single particle mechanical properties. Particle shape and size distribution of the powders, determined by laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy （SeM）, confirmed the spherical shape of the spray-dried particles. The excellent flowability of the material was assessed by typical methods such as the Hausner ratio and the Cart index, This was confirmed by bulk measurements of the particle-particle internal friction parameter and flow function using a Schulze shear cell, which also illustrated the low compressibility of the material. Single particle compression was used to characterize single particle mechanical properties such as reduced elastic modulus and strength from Hertz contact mechanics theory. Comparison with surface properties obtained from nanoindentation suggests heterogeneity, the surface being harder than the core. In order to evaluate the relationship between single particle mechanical properties and bulk compression behaviour, uniaxial confined compression was carried out. It was determined that the Adams model was suitable for describing the bulk compression and furthermore that the Adams model parameter, apparent strength of single particles, was in good agreement with the single particle strength determined from single particle compression test.

关键词： Zeolite particle Flowability Powder flow function effective angle of internal friction Schulze shear cell Nanoindentation Single particle compression Bulk compression