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Adaptive strategies of high and low nucleic acid prokaryotes in response to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1872-1884页

作者： Chen HU liuqian YU Xiaowei CHEN jihua liu Yao ZHANG John BATT Xilin XIAO Qiang SHI Rui ZHANG Tingwei LUO Nianzhi JIAO Dapeng XU College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesFujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon SequestrationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education(LORE)of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 510000China Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Oceanography Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Prokaryotes play a fundamental role in global ocean biogeochemical cycles.However,how the abundance and metabolic activity of ecologically distinct subgroups(i.e.,high nucleic acid(HNA)and low nucleic acid(LNA)cells),and their regulating factors,change in response to changing marine environmental conditions remains poorly understood.Here,we delved into the time-evolving dynamic responses of the HNA and LNA prokaryotic subgroups to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa by conducting a 73-day incubation experiment in a large-volume(117,000 L)macrocosm that facilitates community-level exploration.We found that the metabolic activity of the HNA subgroup was higher than that of the LNA subgroup when the macrocosm was resource replete but that the HNA subgroup declined more rapidly than the LNA subgroup as the resources became increasingly scarce,leading to a steadily increasing contribution of LNA cells to prokaryotic activity.Meanwhile,as resources in the macrocosm became limited,protozoan grazing preference shifted from the HNA to the LNA subgroup and the contributions of the LNA subgroup to the carbon flow within the macrocosm increased.The findings highlight the resilience of LNA cells in resource-limited environments,illuminate the critical role of selective grazing by protozoa in balancing distinct prokaryotic subgroups under changing resource conditions,and demonstrate the complex and adaptive interactions between protozoa and prokaryotes across diverse environmental contexts.

关键词： Microbial loop Macrocosm experiment Prokaryote Top-down and bottom-up controls Carbon flow

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Development of an Integrated Disposable Device for SARSCoV-2 Nucleic Acid Extraction and Detection

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期37卷 639-646页

作者： Jing Ma Yanzhe Hao Meiling Hou Xiaoshan Zhang Jingduan liu Haodi Meng Jiangbo Chang Xuejun Ma jihua liu Qingjie Ying Xianhua Wang Hongxia Li Yuxi Cao Xiaoguang Zhang National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Beijing Runbio Biotechnology Development Co. LtdBeijing 100106China Beijing Beta Technology Co. LtdBeijing 101318China Jiangsu Qitian Gene Biotechnology Co. LtdWuxi 214135JiangsuChina

Objective To develop a highly sensitive and rapid nucleic acid detection method for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods We designed,developed,and manufactured an integrated disposable device for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid extraction and detection.The precision of the liquid transfer and temperature control was tested.A comparison between our device and a commercial kit for SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid extraction was performed using real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The entire process,from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid extraction to amplification,was evaluated.Results The precision of the syringe transfer volume was 19.2±1.9μL(set value was 20),32.2±1.6(set value was 30),and 57.2±3.5(set value was 60).Temperature control in the amplification tube was measured at 60.0±0.0°C(set value was 60)and 95.1±0.2°C(set value was 95)respectively.SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid extraction yield through the device was 7.10×10^(6) copies/mL,while a commercial kit yielded 2.98×10^(6) copies/mL.The mean time to complete the entire assay,from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid extraction to amplification detection,was 36 min and 45 s.The detection limit for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was 250 copies/mL.Conclusion The integrated disposable devices may be used for SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care test(POCT).

关键词： An integrated disposable device SARS-Cov-2 Nucleic acid detection

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Strengthening and toughening bulk Ni_(2)CoFeV_(0.5) medium-entropy alloy via thermo-mechanical treatment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第20期151卷 19-29页

作者： Lei Gu Rui Hou Yi liu Guang Chen jihua liu Gong Zheng Ruisheng Zhang Yonghao Zhao National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and DesignMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Single-phase face-centered cubic(fcc)medium-and high-entropy alloys(MEAs/HEAs)have high ductility but low yield strength.In this work,the microstructures of single-phase fcc Ni_(2)CoFeV_(0.5) MEAs were tailored by cold-rolling and subsequent annealing and typical heterogeneous lamella(HL)structures composed of recrystallized micro-grain lamellae(with an averaged grain size of∼4μm)and nonrecrystallized nano-/ultrafine-grain lamellae were obtained.Tensile tests revealed that most HL samples exhibited excellent strength and ductility synergy.The HL sample with∼23 vol%recrystallized grains annealed at 590℃ for 1 h had a high yield strength of 1120 MPa and a good fracture elongation of 12.3%,which increased by 5%and 46%,respectively compared with those of as-rolled sample.Annealing-induced yield strength increase is attributed to high-density annealing twin boundaries(TBs)in the recrystallized grains,the annihilation of mobile dislocations inside the non-recrystallized grains,and extra heterodeformation-induced strengthening produced by the HL structure.Hall-Petch relationship of Ni_(2)CoFeV_(0.5) MEA can be reasonably described by counting both TBs and grain boundaries,with lattice friction stress of 87.3 MPa and coefficient of 722.8 MPaμm1/2.Our work provides optional and controllable solutions for preparing MEAs/HEAs with excellent mechanical properties by low-cost and high-efficiency thermomechanical treatments.

关键词： Medium-entropy alloys Microstructures Strength and ductility Heterogeneous lamella structure Cold-rolling Annealing

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Clay mineral distribution characteristics of surface sediments in the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第3期41卷 897-908页

作者： Qiannan HU Chuanshun LI Baoju YANG Xisheng FANG Huahua LÜ Xuefa SHI jihua liu Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

Clay minerals are usually considered as important indicators to identify sources in both terrigenous and marine sediments.In particular,clay minerals in metalliferous sediments(MS)have long been studied in global oceans except in South Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR)due to limited explorations.Thus,32 MS and 34 non-MS(NMS)samples were analyzed to clarify the distribution characteristics and mineral compositions of clay minerals.All the sediments were collected along the SMAR between 12°S and 27°S.After removal of organic matter and carbonate,clay fractions(<2μm)were investigated by Xray diffraction(XRD)analysis.Results show that clay mineral assemblages of surface MS consist dominantly of smectite,less abundant illite,chlorite,and kaolinite in average weight percentage of 30%,21%,18%,and 16%,respectively.On the other hand,clay mineral assemblages in the NMS consist mainly of illite,less abundant kaolinite,chlorite,and very scarce smectite in average weight percentage of 47%,29%,24%,and 0.2%,respectively.The clay fractions in MS are mainly composed of amorphous or poorly crystallized Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides,clay mineral,quartz,and plagioclase.However,the counterparts in the NMS are mainly composed of well-crystallized clay minerals,quartz,and plagioclase without the presence of Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides.It is suggested that most of the illite,kaolinite,and chlorite in both MS and NMS are likely aeolian dust in origin from South Africa continent.In addition,the abundance of kaolinite dominates the clay mineral assemblage at low latitudes,where the intensive chemical weathering of continental source rocks facilitating the formation of kaolinite.In terms of smectite,it is indicated of authigenic origin in consideration of only smectite is available in several MS and the absence in NMS.Moreover,the MS samples with only smectite available are always accompanied by goethite.Therefore,it is assumed that most of smectite occurred in studied area is the results of interaction between hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide,silica,and seawater.

关键词： metalliferous sediment South Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) clay mineral smectite

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Bacterial outer membrane vesicles-based therapeutic platform eradicates triple-negative breast tumor by combinational photodynamic/chemo-/immunotherapy

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第2期20卷 548-560页

作者： Yongjiang Li Junyong Wu Xiaohan Qiu Suhe Dong Jun He jihua liu Wenjie Xu Si Huang Xiongbin Hu Da-Xiong Xiang Department of Pharmacy the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug ChangshaChina The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center BeijingChina Department of Liver Surgery the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are potent immuno-stimulating agents and have the potentials to be bioengineered as platforms for antitumor nanomedicine.In this study,OMVs are demonstrated as promising antitumor therapeutics.OMVs can lead to beneficial M2-to-M1 polarization of macrophages and induce pyroptosis to enhance antitumor immunity,but the therapeutic window of OMVs is narrow for its toxicity.We propose a bioengineering strategy to enhance the tumor-targeting ability of OMVs by macrophage-mediated delivery and improve the antitumor efficacy by co-loading of photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin(DOX)into OMVs as a therapeutic platform.We demonstrate that systemic injection of the DOX/Ce6-OMVs@M therapeutic platform,providing combinational photodynamic/chemo-/immunotherapy,eradicates triple-negative breast tumors in mice without side effects.Importantly,this strategy also effectively prevents tumor metastasis to the lung.This OMVs-based strategy with bioengineering may serve as a powerful therapeutic platform for a synergic antitumor therapy.

关键词： Bacterial outer membrane vesicles Bioengineering Drug delivery Macrophage Pyroptosis Tumor microenvironment

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The diversity and ecological significance of microbial traits potentially involved in B_(12) biosynthesis in the global ocean

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 416-427页

作者： Jiayin Zhou Wei Qin Xinda Lu Yunfeng Yang David Stahl Nianzhi Jiao Jizhong Zhou jihua liu Qichao Tu Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityQingdaoChina School of Biological Sciences University of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Earth and Environmental Sciences Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratoryBerkeley CaliforniaUSA Institutefr Environmental Genomics University of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences University of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA School of Computer Sciences University of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA DermBiont Inc. BostonMassachusettsUSA

Cobalamin(B_(12)),an essential nutrient and growth cofactor for many living organisms on Earth,can be fully synthesized only by selected prokaryotes in nature.Therefore,microbial communities related to B_(12) biosynthesis could serve as an example subsystem to disentangle the underlying ecological mechanisms balancing the function and taxonomic make-up of complex functional assemblages.By anchoring microbial traits potentially involved in B_(12) biosynthesis,we depict the biogeographic patterns of B_(12) biosynthesis genes and the taxa harboring them in the global ocean,despite the limitations of detecting de novo B_(12) synthesizers via metagenomes alone.Both the taxonomic and functional composition of B_(12) biosynthesis genes were strongly shaped by depth,differentiating the epipelagic zones from the mesopelagic layers.Functional genes related to B_(12) biosynthesis were relatively stably distributed across different oceans,but the taxa harboring them varied considerably,showing clear functional redundancy among microbial systems.Microbial taxa carrying B_(12) biosynthesis genes in the surface water were influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,oxygen,and nitrate.However,the composition of functional genes was only weakly associated with these environmental factors.Null model analyses demonstrated that determinism governed the variations in B_(12) biosynthesis genes,whereas a higher degree of stochasticity was associated with taxonomic variations.Significant associations were observed between the chlorophyll a concentration and B_(12) biosynthesis,confirming its importance in primary production in the global ocean.The results of this study reveal an essential ecological mechanism governing the assembly of microbes in nature:the environment selects for function rather than taxonomy;functional redundancy underlies stochastic community assembly.

关键词： B_(12)biosynthesis community assembly functional genes functional redundancy ocean primary production

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企业合规刑事程序立法质疑

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中国人民大学学报 2024年第2期38卷 116-129页

作者：刘计划王汀中国人民大学法学院中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

企业刑事合规的正当性基础并不充分,推进企业合规的刑事程序立法应当审慎。尚无可靠的证据表明企业合规能够预防犯罪以及起诉会给企业带来何种后果,功利主义的利益衡量不能有力论证企业刑事合规实践的正当性,也难以回答道义论的质疑。... 详细信息

企业刑事合规的正当性基础并不充分,推进企业合规的刑事程序立法应当审慎。尚无可靠的证据表明企业合规能够预防犯罪以及起诉会给企业带来何种后果,功利主义的利益衡量不能有力论证企业刑事合规实践的正当性,也难以回答道义论的质疑。企业刑事合规与我国刑事程序法的基本理念和基本逻辑相冲突,仓促推进程序立法可能导致刑事程序法与刑事实体法、涉及公司治理的其他法规范之间的不协调。即便立法,也应严格限制“企业合规不起诉”的适用范围,设定严格的审查批准程序。尽管我国刑事诉讼法没有规定针对企业的缓起诉制度,但从保障企业权益、服务经济发展的角度来说,当务之急不是另起炉灶,而是要明确行政监管在预防企业违法犯罪中的基础性地位,充分发挥现有制度工具的作用。

关键词：企业治理企业合规刑事诉讼法修改企业缓起诉

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认罪认罚具结活动中的法官参与

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社会科学研究 2024年第2期 99-111页

作者：王汀刘计划中国人民大学法学院中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心北京100872

我国学界关于域外控辩协商制度中的法官角色存在认识误区,即便在美国,法官也并非不参与控辩双方的协商。在我国实践中,检察机关在认罪认罚从宽制度中起主导作用,控辩不平等的问题较为突出,被动、置后的法官角色难以确保认罪认罚案件的... 详细信息

我国学界关于域外控辩协商制度中的法官角色存在认识误区,即便在美国,法官也并非不参与控辩双方的协商。在我国实践中,检察机关在认罪认罚从宽制度中起主导作用,控辩不平等的问题较为突出,被动、置后的法官角色难以确保认罪认罚案件的客观公正性,最终导致错误认罪与错误认罚现象发生。对于认罪认罚从宽实践中盛行的“法检沟通”,不宜持全盘否定态度,而应全面分析其现实合理性及潜在风险;未来有必要总结实践经验,在充实程序保障机制的前提下探索法官有限参与认罪认罚案件具结活动。

关键词：控辩协商认罪认罚从宽认罪认罚具结活动法官参与

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Microbes mediated comprehensive carbon sequestration for negative emissions in the ocean

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National Science Review 2020年第12期7卷 1858-1860页

作者： Nianzhi Jiao jihua liu Fanglue Jiao Quanrui Chen Xiaoxue Wang State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education (LORE) of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen University Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic is warning of a more profound crisis—climate change.Since the Industrial Revolution,anthropogenic activities,such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation,have led to a significant increase in atmospheric CO;concentration,exacerbating climate change and causing ecosystem imbalances,abrupt ecosystem successions and serious ecological disasters,which will finally threaten the sustainable development of human society.

关键词： AUTHIGENIC CARBONATE SEA

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Sulfur metabolism by marine heterotrophic bacteria involved in sulfur cycling in the ocean

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第10期61卷 1369-1378页

作者： Xin HU jihua liu Huaiwei liu Guangchao ZHUANG Luying XUN Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia

Sulfur cycling in the biosphere is tightly interwoven with the cycling of carbon and nitrogen,through various biological and geochemical processes.Marine microorganisms,due to their high abundance,diverse metabolic activities,and tremendous adaptation potential,play an essential role in the functioning of global biogeochemical cycles and linking sulfur transformation to the cycling of carbon and nitrogen.Currently many coastal regions are severely stressed by hypoxic or anoxic conditions,leading to the accumulation of toxic sulfide.A number of recent studies have demonstrated that dissimilatory sulfur oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria can protect marine ecosystems from sulfide toxicity.Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria have evolved diverse phylogenetic and metabolic characteristics to fill an array of ecological niches in various marine habitats.Here,we review the recent findings on the microbial communities that are involved in the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds and address how the two elements of sulfur and carbon are interlinked and influence the ecology and biogeochemistry in the ocean.Delineating the metabolic enzymes and pathways of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria not only provides an insight into the microbial sulfur metabolism,but also helps us understand the effects of changing environmental conditions on marine sulfur cycling and reinforces the close connection between sulfur and carbon cycling in the ocean.

关键词：新陈代谢海洋硫细菌自养生物圈微生物 acc

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