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新型举国体制的时代特征及构建路径

马克思主义与现实 2024年第1期 11-18页

作者：许先春中央党史和文献研究院信息资料馆

新型举国体制在保留原有举国体制集中力量办大事思想内核的基础上,立足新的时代背景,瞄准新的关键领域,以新的主体结构和新的技术支撑整合创新资源及要素,成为体现国家意志、实现国家战略目标的重要组织实施方式和工作协同机制。同计划... 详细信息

新型举国体制在保留原有举国体制集中力量办大事思想内核的基础上,立足新的时代背景,瞄准新的关键领域,以新的主体结构和新的技术支撑整合创新资源及要素,成为体现国家意志、实现国家战略目标的重要组织实施方式和工作协同机制。同计划经济体制下的传统举国体制相比,新型举国体制具有新的重要特征,主要是:在体制环境和资源配置方式上,从行政配置资源为主转变为市场配置资源为主;在目标导向和价值追求上,从注重目标实现转变为注重目标实现与注重效益并重;在组织运行和实施模式上,从政府内部协同转变为众多创新主体之间的协同;在要素集成和创新生态上,从结构性集成转变为系统性耦合。构建新型举国体制,是实现高水平科技自立自强、加快建设科技强国的内在要求,是深化科技体制改革、完善国家创新体系的有效举措,是打赢关键核心技术攻坚战、维护国家安全的重大任务。要在坚持好、完善好传统举国体制优势的基础上,聚焦高水平科技自立自强,统筹谋划和整体推进科技创新,加快构建协同高效、运行有序的新型举国体制。当前和今后一个时期,尤其要注重做好科学统筹、服务支撑、主体强化、任务牵引、制度保障等方面的工作。具体来说,就是要加强党对科技事业的集中统一领导,推动政府职能从研发管理向创新服务转变,打造体系化的国家战略科技力量,坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战,形成支持协同创新的制度体系。

关键词：新型举国体制高水平科技自立自强科技强国国家战略科技力量协同创新

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基于免疫调控的药物研发进展

中国药科大学学报 2024年第1期55卷 1-4页

作者：徐云根中国药科大学药学院药物化学系南京211198

免疫系统是由免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫活性物质组成的复杂系统。正常的免疫系统是人体维持健康的重要武器。但免疫力低下的患者,免疫监视机制不能正常运转,不能及时地发现并清除恶性转化的细胞,导致肿瘤细胞在体内迅速增殖,形成肿瘤。... 详细信息

免疫系统是由免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫活性物质组成的复杂系统。正常的免疫系统是人体维持健康的重要武器。但免疫力低下的患者,免疫监视机制不能正常运转,不能及时地发现并清除恶性转化的细胞,导致肿瘤细胞在体内迅速增殖,形成肿瘤。但如果免疫系统被过度激活,其功能的亢进会对自身器官和组织产生伤害,并诱发自身免疫性疾病。因此,人体免疫系统的失调与肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病等的发生和发展密切相关。

关键词：免疫力低下自身免疫性疾病人体免疫系统免疫活性物质免疫细胞免疫调控免疫器官恶性转化

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宋元真武图像、信仰的演变与内涵再探

美术 2024年第9期 102-109页

作者：许金凌湖北美术学院

真武图像显示出“武神”和“非武神”两条发展序列,宋代已出现少量“非武神”真武像但仍以“武神”像居多。元明时期则出现了多样化的“非武神”真武像。学界对此转变发生的时间和原因仍有争议。本文关注元代出现的描述真武于武当山修... 详细信息

真武图像显示出“武神”和“非武神”两条发展序列,宋代已出现少量“非武神”真武像但仍以“武神”像居多。元明时期则出现了多样化的“非武神”真武像。学界对此转变发生的时间和原因仍有争议。本文关注元代出现的描述真武于武当山修炼时的灵应故事和版画图像的特殊表达,定义真武修真像为束双髻、披松萝衣的装扮,认为元代真武信仰演化出修真意涵,双髻真武修真像是“非武神”真武像发展的源头和信仰转型的开端。

关键词：非武神真武像真武修真像宋元道教真武灵应故事

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“权归宰相”政治话语与唐后期中枢权力关系

社会科学 2024年第8期 56-65页

作者：许超雄上海师范大学人文学院

唐代史臣蒋系在《宪宗实录》中将元和中兴的原因归结为“权归宰相”,这是反思德宗政治,试图重新以政治典范实现国家致理的产物,强调了传统的君相委托制。宰相在元和中兴中确实发挥了重要作用,但其权力只是有限恢复,且宦官同样以“内大... 详细信息

唐代史臣蒋系在《宪宗实录》中将元和中兴的原因归结为“权归宰相”,这是反思德宗政治,试图重新以政治典范实现国家致理的产物,强调了传统的君相委托制。宰相在元和中兴中确实发挥了重要作用,但其权力只是有限恢复,且宦官同样以“内大臣”身份强调自身在中兴事业中的作用,这进一步削弱了“权归宰相”话语的说服力。安史之乱后的军政事务需要围绕皇帝进行集中高效处理,宰相百司权力萎缩的情况在德宗以前就已经存在,内廷宦官参与枢密,甚至侵夺有司职权的趋势无法扭转。因此只有位于国家政治核心的皇权才能实现权力关系的梳理,君相委托制已无法适应中枢政治变化。可是,唐后期皇权中兴强调效仿祖宗治世的明君贤臣经验,因此“权归宰相”在当时的现实政治中仍具有典范意义。同时,宦官作为大臣参与政治具有制度上的模糊性和不确定性,加之道德观念上的传统刻板印象以及专权所导致的舆论攻讦,使得“内大臣”身份无法融入这个话语体系。

关键词：元和中兴《宪宗实录》宰相宦官中枢权力关系

有限公司中的强制购买股权——以《公司法》第89条第3款为中心

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环球法律评论 2024年第5期46卷 139-155页

作者：徐方亮中国海洋大学法学院

为更有效应对有限公司中的股东压制,修订后的《公司法》第89条第3款增设因控股股东滥用股东权利,遭受严重损害的股东可以诉请强制购买股权的规定。该制度旨在规制股东权利滥用并救助受压制股东,应与该条第1款之异议股东回购请求权区分... 详细信息

为更有效应对有限公司中的股东压制,修订后的《公司法》第89条第3款增设因控股股东滥用股东权利,遭受严重损害的股东可以诉请强制购买股权的规定。该制度旨在规制股东权利滥用并救助受压制股东,应与该条第1款之异议股东回购请求权区分开来。受压制股东诉请强制购买股权救济时,法院需要逐一判断控股股东是否构成滥用股东权利、小股东利益是否遭受侵害以及损害是否足够严重。受保护的股东利益不仅明定于公司章程或者股东协议,还可能存在于股东间的非正式共识。法院在确定“合理价格”时,可以考虑引入限时调解机制促使当事人协商定价,在当事人协商不成时,应当基于公平合理之内在要求确定评估基准日和评估方法,并原则上不考虑折价。为落实该条规范意旨,法院应对责任主体、法律效果以及权利主体等三个方面进行扩张解释。

关键词：有限公司股东压制合理期待强制购买股权合理价格

Parametric Study on Composite Beams with Web Openings Fire Protected with Reactive Intumescent Coating

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防灾减灾工程学报 2016年第3期36卷 331-336页

作者： GUO Shixiong YUAN jifeng EXOVA Warringtonfire Holmesfield Road Warrington WA1 2DS UK

When service ducts and cables are required to pass through the structural beams,it is a common practical solution to use composite beams with rectangular or circular *** fire safety standards in many countries have recommended design methods for composite beams without openings,while the design method for composite beams with web openings is not addressed *** to the complicated distribution of temperature and stress around the openings in the web of the steel beam,extra complexity has been introduced in determination of the structural capability of the beam and the failure mode in *** failure modes generally occur at lower limiting temperatures than the solid beam with same *** is recognized that the thickness of a reactive coating required to provide a given fire resistance to a composite beam with web openings is affected by the beam’s web thickness,opening configuration,the degree of the beam asymmetry and the structural utilization factor,as well as the nature of the proprietary fire protection *** it is necessary that such beams are structurally evaluated taking into account all possible modes of structural failure under both ambient and fire *** is also necessary for additional thermal data to be measured around the web openings and on the web posts from fire *** additional thermal data will be used in conjunction with a structural model to determine limiting temperatures of beams with web *** Construction Institute(SCI)has produced a structural analysis model referenced as report RT1356,which divides a composite beam with web openings into different stress blocks,and then analyses the global bending,vertical shear,local Vierendeel bending,web-post buckling *** Association for Specialist Fire Protection(ASFP)recommended the test protocol in the Yellow Book,to determine the temperature distribution around the openings and web *** paper will discuss a series of fire tests having been carri

关键词： fire safety composite beam web opening cellular beam

Contemporary Asymmetric Genetic Introgression Between Two Pelophylax Species in Shanghai

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： xu WEI Wenli LIU Gang WANG Rui MA Meiling HUANG Jiaxin ZHENG Tingwei DONG Changqing YUAN Shunqi BO Xiao YUAN Ben LI Shuo MA Qu YUE Youzhong DING Zhenghuan WANG School of Life Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau Shanghai 200041China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Ministry of Education&Shanghai Science and Technology CommitteeShanghai 202162China

Human disturbances are considered to break reproduction barriers among *** increases in hybridization events have been reported among a large number of taxonomic groups in anthropogenic environments,providing novel insights into species evolution mechanisms and conservation management in the *** Eastern Golden Frog(Pelophylax plancyi)and BlackSpotted Frog(***)are two sympatric anuran species with a long history of mitochondrial genome introgression in highly urbanized continental East ***,there is only limited understanding of the pattern of their contemporary hybridization and factors influencing their interspecific relationship under anthropogenic ***,interspecific hybridization between *** and *** at the population level was investigated in *** except two haplotypes obtained from both species in Shanghai were mixed together,and located in the introgression clade,implying multiple ancient mitochondrial introgression events occurred in the populations of our study *** genetic introgression was detected by microsatellite markers,with 0.7%of *** and 14.6%of *** identified as contemporary admixed *** with the trend of population density,higher genetic diversity of neutral microsatellite loci was found in the more abundant ***;however,variation in mitochondrial(Cyt-b)and nuclear(POMC)genes was higher in relatively rare *** population density of *** and number of water patches within local habitats were significantly positively correlated with both occurrences and proportions of admixed individuals in the populations of *** and *** the prevalent transformation of habitats in urbanized areas,these results imply that a high population density in isolated artificially altered habitats is likely to increase interspecific ***,population monitoring and improveme

关键词： anthropogenic disturbances interspecific hybridization Pelophylax species abundance urban landscape urbanization

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优化行政司法的内在逻辑及法治化展开

中外法学 2024年第2期36卷 427-446页

作者：徐运凯司法部行政复议与应诉局

新时期的行政司法,是市场经济条件下,以政府职能转变为基础,在不断深化全面依法治国方略进程中完善发展起来的纠纷解决机制。行政司法的界定以“行政性”“三方性”和“裁决性”为识别要素,具有复合多元的目标功能。行政司法具有化解争... 详细信息

新时期的行政司法,是市场经济条件下,以政府职能转变为基础,在不断深化全面依法治国方略进程中完善发展起来的纠纷解决机制。行政司法的界定以“行政性”“三方性”和“裁决性”为识别要素,具有复合多元的目标功能。行政司法具有化解争议的独特优势,强化行政司法有着深刻的实践和理论逻辑。强化行政司法,能够满足攻坚法治政府建设的时代需要、回应“非诉纠纷解决机制挺在前面”的现实呼唤、强化“诉源治理”、实现“实质性化解争议”、传承“耻讼”“和合”文化传统、改变“法治思维弱”的社会现状。强化行政司法,有助于推动行政行为理论的精细化发展、法治政府对“善治”的追求、对“整体政府”的回应。行政司法法治化路径选择首先要解决行政司法统一立法问题,具体涉及单体制度的分别统一立法以及行政法典编撰中的行政司法“单元”,后者应涉及总则编的“行政司法”以及分则编中的“行政司法”板块。

关键词：行政司法穿透式监督实质性化解争议统一立法

Emerging WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites: synthesis and electrochemical energy storage applications

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 1-19页

作者： Yu-Meng Gao Yong Liu Kai-Jia Feng Jun-Qing Ma Ying-Jie Miao Bin-Rui xu Kun-Ming Pan Osaka Akiyoshi Guang-Xin Wang Ke-Ke Zhang Qiao-Bao Zhang National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Materials Science and Processing TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Biomaterials Laboratory Faculty of EngineeringOkayama UniversityTsushima-NakeOkayama-Shi 700-8530Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In recent years, tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)) and tungsten selenide(WSe_(2)) have emerged as favorable electrode materials because of their high theoretical capacity, large interlayer spacing, and high chemical activity;nevertheless, they have relatively low electronic conductivity and undergo large volume expansion during cycling, which greatly hinder them in practical applications. These drawbacks are addressed by combining a superior type of carbon material, graphene, with WS_(2) and WSe_(2) to form a WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene *** materials have received considerable attention in electro-chemical energy storage applications such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and supercapacitors. Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm on this topic over the past several years, here the recent progress of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites in electrochemical energy storage applications is summarized. Furthermore, various methods for the synthesis of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites are reported and the relationships among these methods, nano/microstructures, and electrochemical performance are systematically summarized and discussed. In addition, the challenges and prospects for the future study and application of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites in electrochemical energy storage applications are proposed.

关键词： WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites Liion batteries(LIBs) Na-ion batteries(SIBs) Supercapacitors Electrochemical performance