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Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang chen Jin LI Institute of Artificial Intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou Lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model defenses.In recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network design.By investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

A deep learning based fine-grained classification algorithm for grading of visual impairment in cataract patients

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第1期20卷 48-57页

作者： JIANG jiewei ZHANG Yi XIE He YANG Jingshi GONG Jiamin LI Zhongwen School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi'an 710121China School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Ningbo Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingbo 315000China

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)have shown promising potential for the automated screening and grading of cataracts.However,the different types of visual impairment caused by cataracts exhibit similar phenotypes,posing significant challenges for accurately assessing the severity of visual impairment.To address this issue,we propose a dense convolution combined with attention mechanism and multi-level classifier(DAMC_Net)for visual impairment grading.First,the double-attention mechanism is utilized to enable the DAMC_Net to focus on lesions-related regions.Then,a hierarchical multi-level classifier is constructed to enhance the recognition ability in distinguishing the severities of visual impairment,while maintaining a better screening rate for normal samples.In addition,a cost-sensitive method is applied to address the problem of higher false-negative rate caused by the imbalanced dataset.Experimental results demonstrated that the DAMC_Net outperformed ResNet50 and dense convolutional network 121(DenseNet121)models,with sensitivity improvements of 6.0%and 3.4%on the category of mild visual impairment caused by cataracts(MVICC),and 2.1%and 4.3%on the category of moderate to severe visual impairment caused by cataracts(MSVICC),respectively.The comparable performance on two external test datasets was achieved,further verifying the effectiveness and generalizability of the DAMC_Net.

关键词： visual classifier algorithm

A perspective to ammonia-hydrogen energy industry in China

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1765-1775页

作者： Baoshun Zhang Wangyang Ji jiewei Zhu Baian Shen Menghao Lv Bin Zhang Tihu Wang Yifu Yu Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular PlusSchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Tianjin University-Asia Silicon Joint Research Center of Ammonia-Hydrogen New Energy Asia Silicon(Qinghai)Co.Ltd.Xining810007China Department of Catalysis Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

1 Introduction.To meet the 1.5℃ climate goal in our planet,the world is making a hard work for decarbonization[1-5].Constructing a clean energy system based on green energy is considered as the most promising way to achieve the decarbonization goals.Northwestern China owns abundant solar and wind sources and large area of deserts[6,7].

关键词： ammonia planet energy

Specialization and Coordination: New Paradigm, Theory, and Path for Regional Development

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China Economist 2024年第1期19卷 76-85页

作者： Lu Ming Xiang Kuanhu Li Pengfei Li jiewei Zhong Yuejun Antai College of Economics&Management Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina School of Economics Shanghai UniversityShanghai School of Economics and Management Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai Faculty of Economics and Management East China Normal UniversityShanghai

In its new development stage,China seeks to derive new dynamism from reform and opening up at a higher level to boost consumption and services.This process coincides with a further differentiation of comparative advantages across regions.Economic activity and population will continue to concentrate in clusters in coastal and central cities amid a continuous outflow of population from remote areas.Development expansion from coastal to interior regions and from central cities to the periphery will promote a new regional development paradigm of“dual centers and periphery”.Therefore,China’s regional development strategy should follow the new theory of seeking relative equilibrium amid development,identify regions of population inflow and outflow,and explore a new development path of regional specialization and coordination.By deepening market reforms and increasing central government coordination,the country is poised to improve the spatial allocation of resources and unleash institutional dividends in the process of developing a unified national market.

关键词： Regional development “dual centers-periphery” comparative advantage population migration

Surface Br?nsted-Lewis dual acid sites for high-efficiency dinitrogen photofixation in pure water

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期67卷 824-830页

作者： Cai chen jiewei chen Zhiyuan Wang Fei Huang Jian Yang Yunteng Qu Kuang Liang Xiao Ge Yanggang Wang Hui Zhang Yuen Wu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Materials Science iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

As is known to all, nitrogen not only plays an important role in the industrial development of human society but also plays an important part in the proteins that constitute the essence of life[1]. In 1910, the Haber-... 详细信息

关键词： Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation Brønsted-Lewis dual acid sites Surface-modified TiO2 Surface states F and H atoms

Alloy-buffer-controlled van der Waals epitaxial growth of aligned tellurene

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5712-5718页

作者： Cong Wang Chao Xu Xuyun Guo Ning Zhang Jianmin Yan jiewei chen Wei Yu Jing-Kai Qin Ye Zhu Lain-Jong Li Yang Chai Department of Applied Physics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China Department of Mechanical Engineering the University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Group-VI elemental two-dimensional(2D)materials(e.g.,tellurene(Te))have unique crystalline structures and extraordinarily physical properties.However,it still remains a great challenge to controllably grow 2D Te with good repeatability,uniformity,and highly aligned orientation using vapor growth method.Here,we design a Cu foil-assisted alloy-buffer-controlled growth method to epitaxially grow aligned single-crystalline 2D Te on an insulating mica substrate.The in-situ formation of Cu-Te alloy plays a key role on 2D Te growth,alleviating the spatial and temporal non-uniformity of precursor in conventional vapor deposition process.Through transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis combined with theoretical calculations,we unveil that the alignment growth of Te in the[110]direction is along the[600]direction of mica,owing to the small lattice mismatch(0.15%)and strong binding strength.This work presents a method to grow aligned high-quality 2D Te in a controllable manner.

关键词： two-dimensional materials tellurene van der Waals interaction epitaxy growth aligned growth

Surface BrØnsted-Lewis dual acid sites for high-efficiency dinitrogen photofixation in pure water

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 824-830页

作者： Cai chen jiewei chen Zhiyuan Wang Fei Huang Jian Yang Yunteng Qu Kuang Liang Xiao Ge Yanggang Wang Hui Zhang Yuen Wu ollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina

关键词： Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation Brùnsted-Lewis dual acid sites Surface-modified TiO2 Surface states F and H atoms

Designing novel thin film polycrystalline solar cells for high efficiency:sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第1期38卷 71-76页

作者： Tianyue Wang jiewei chen Gaoxiang Wu Dandan Song Meicheng Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Chongqing Materials Research Institute Chongqing 400707China

Heterojunction and sandwich architectures are two new-type structures with great potential for solar cells.Specifically,the heterojunction structure possesses the advantages of efficient charge separation but suffers from band offset and large interface recombination;the sandwich configuration is favorable for transferring carriers but requires complex fabrication process.Here,we have designed two thin-film polycrystalline solar cells with novel structures：sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite,referring to the advantages of the architectures of sandwich perovskite（standard）and heterojunction CIGS（standard）solar cells,respectively.A reliable simulation software wxAMPS is used to investigate their inherent characteristics with variation of the thickness and doping density of absorber layer.The results reveal that sandwich CIGS solar cell is able to exhibit an optimized efficiency of 20.7%,which is much higher than the standard heterojunction CIGS structure（18.48%）.The heterojunction perovskite solar cell can be more efficient employing thick and doped perovskite films（16.9%）than these typically utilizing thin and weak-doping/intrinsic perovskite films（9.6%）.This concept of structure modulation proves to be useful and can be applicable for other solar cells.

关键词： sandwich CIGS solar cell heterojunction perovskite solar cell simulation wxAMPS

“数字经济”时代城市的未来——互联网对中国城市生产性服务业集聚的影响研究

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经济学（季刊） 2024年第2期24卷 431-447页

作者：吴思栩李杰伟南京师范大学商学院上海海事大学经济管理学院

本文利用中国“八纵八横”光缆干线网构造了互联网的工具变量以识别互联网对城市生产性服务业集聚的影响。研究发现:(1)由于大城市知识密集度更高,互联网促进了生产性服务业向大城市集聚;(2)互联网能加强本地及更大范围内制造业扩张对... 详细信息

本文利用中国“八纵八横”光缆干线网构造了互联网的工具变量以识别互联网对城市生产性服务业集聚的影响。研究发现:(1)由于大城市知识密集度更高,互联网促进了生产性服务业向大城市集聚;(2)互联网能加强本地及更大范围内制造业扩张对大城市生产性服务业的集聚作用,进而推动生产性服务业向大城市集聚。对于人口超过400万的城市,互联网能加强半径300公里范围内制造业对其生产性服务业的集聚作用,小城市即使150公里也不显著。

关键词：互联网生产性服务业集聚辐射范围