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Occurrence of Aflatoxin B_(1),deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China during 2018-2020

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 197-208页

作者： Ling Zhao Lei Zhang Zijian Xu Xingda Liu Liyuan Chen jiefan dai Niel Alexander Karrow Lvhui Sun Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Guilin Li Yuan Grain and Oil Food Group Co. LtdGuilin 541001GuangxiChina Jiangsu Aomai Bio-Technology Co. LtdNanjing 211226China Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041China Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphN1G2W1GuelphCanada

Background:The current study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined occurrence of aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),deoxynivalenol(DON)and zearalenone(ZEN)in feeds from various Provinces of China during 2018 to 2020.A total of 3,507 feed samples,including 2,090 feed ingredients and 1,417 complete feed samples,were collected from different areas of China for mycotoxins ***:The individual contamination of AFB_(1),DON and ZEN were present in more than 81.9%,96.4% and 96.9% of feed samples,respectively,with average concentration ranges of AFB_(1) between 1.2-27.4μg/kg,DON between 458.0-1,925.4μg/kg and ZEN between 48.1-326.8μg/***,0.9%,0.5% and 0.1% of feed ingredients,and 1.2-12.8%,0.9-2.9% and 0-8.9% of complete feeds for pigs,poultry and ruminants with AFB_(1),ZEN and DON that exceeded China’s safety standards,***,more than 81.5%of feed ingredients and 95.7% of complete feeds were co-contaminated with various combinations of these ***:This study indicates that the feeds in China were universally contaminated with AFB_(1),DON and ZEN during the past 3 *** findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in the domestic animal feed,and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.

关键词： Aflatoxin B_(1) China Deoxynivalenol Feeds Zearalenone

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Invited review:Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 935-950页

作者： Meng Liu Ling Zhao Guoxin Gong Lei Zhang Lei Shi jiefan dai Yanming Han Yuanyuan Wu Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil Lvhui Sun Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041China Trouw Nutrition AmersfoortThe Netherlands Animal Production Department Faculty of AgricultureBenha UniversityBanha 13736Egypt.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of *** B1(AFB1),deoxynivalenol(DON),zearalenone(ZEN)and fumonisin B1(FB1)are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal *** mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity,consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of ***,physical,chemical,biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed ***,each of these techniques has its drawbacks,including inefficient,costly,or impractically applied on large *** review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies,as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1,DON,ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.

关键词： Animal health Feed Mycotoxin Performance Remediation strategies

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Aircraft Measurements of Cloud–Aerosol Interaction over East Inner Mongolia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第8期34卷 983-992页

作者： Yuhuan Lü Hengchi LEI jiefan YANG Wuqing Meteorological Observatory ofTianjin Tianjin 301700 China Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storm Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

To investigate the potential effects of aerosols on the microphysical properties of warm clouds, airborne observational data collected from 2009 to 2011 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, were statistically analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that the vertical distribution of the aerosol number concentration（N_a） was similar to that of the clean rural continent. The average aerosol effective diameter（D_e） was maintained at approximately 0.4 μm at all levels. The data obtained during cloud penetrations showed that there was a progressive increase in the cloud droplet concentration（N_c） and liquid water content（LWC） from outside to inside the clouds, while the Nawas negatively related to the Ncand LWC at the same height. The fluctuation of the N_a, Ncand LWC during cloud penetration was more obvious under polluted conditions（Type 1） than under clean conditions（Type 2）. Moreover, the wet scavenging of cloud droplets had a significant impact on the accumulation mode of aerosols, especially on particles with diameters less than 0.4 μm. The minimum wet scavenging coefficient within the cloud was close to 0.02 under Type 1 conditions, while it increased to 0.1 under Type 2 conditions,which proved that the cloud wet scavenging effect under Type 1 conditions was stronger than that under Type 2 ***, cloud droplet spectra under Type 1 conditions were narrower, and their horizontal distributions were more homogeneous than those under Type 2 conditions.

关键词： aircraft observation aerosol warm cloud microphysical properties

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Case Studies of the Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Summer Mesoscale Precipitation Clouds over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 97-114页

作者： Shuo JIA jiefan YANG Hengchi LEI Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Three cases of microphysical characteristics and kinematic structures in the negative temperature region of summer mesoscale cloud systems over the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP)were investigated using X-band dual-polarization *** time-height series of radar physical variables and mesoscale horizontal divergence δderived by quasi-vertical profiles(QVPs)indicated that the dendritic growth layer(DGL,-20°C to-10°C)was ubiquitous,with large-value zones of K_(DP)(specific differential phase),Z_(DR)(differential reflectivity),or both,and corresponded to various dynamic fields(ascent or descent).Ascents in the DGL of cloud systems with vigorous vertical development were coincident with large-value zones of Z_(DR),signifying ice crystals with a large axis ratio,but with no obvious large values of K_(DP),which differs from previous *** is speculated that ascent in the DGL promoted ice crystals to undergo further growth before *** there was descent in the DGL,a high echo top corresponded to large values of K_(DP),denoting a large number concentration of ice crystals;but with the echo top descending,small values of K_(DP) *** is similar to previous results and reveals that a high echo top is conducive to the generation of ice *** ice particles fall to low levels(-10℃ to 0℃),they grow through riming,aggregation,or deposition,and may not be related to the kinematic *** is important to note that this study was only based on a limited number of cases and that further research is therefore needed.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau polarimetric variables microphysics dendritic growth layer kinematic structure aggregation riming

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Observational Evidence of High Ice Concentration in a Shallow Convective Cloud Embedded in Stratiform Cloud over North China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第4期34卷 509-520页

作者： jiefan YANG Hengchi LEI Tuanjie HOU Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

In this study we observed the microphysical properties, including the vertical and horizontal distributions of ice particles,liquid water content and ice habit, in different regions of a slightly supercooled stratiform cloud. Using aircraft instrument and radar data, the cloud top temperature was recorded as higher than -15℃, behind a cold front, on 9 September 2015 in North China. During the flight sampling, the high ice number concentration area was located in the supercooled part of a shallow convective cloud embedded in a stratiform cloud, where the ambient temperature was around -3℃. In this area,the maximum number concentrations of particles with diameter greater than 100 μm and 500 μm（N_（100） and N_（500）） exceeded 300 L-（-1） and 30 L-（-1）, respectively, and were related to large supercooled water droplets with diameter greater than 24 μm derived from cloud–aerosol spectrometer probe measurements. The ice particles types in this region were predominantly columnar, needle, graupel, and some freezing drops, suggesting that the occurrence of high ice number concentrations was likely related to the Hallett–Mossop mechanism, although many other ice multiplication processes cannot be totally ruled *** maximum ice number concentration obtained during the first penetration was around two to three orders of magnitude larger than that predicted by the Demott and Fletcher schemes when assuming the cloud top temperature was around-15℃.During the second penetration conducted within the stratiform cloud, N_（100） and N_（500） decreased by a factor of five to ten, and the presence of columnar and needle-like crystals became very rare.

关键词： ice particle stratiform cloud ice multiplication shallow convective cloud

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Airborne Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Spectra and Aerosols over East Inner Mongolia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第8期34卷 1003-1016页

作者： jiefan YANG Hengchi LEI Yuhuan Lü Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100081 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of lnformation Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Wuqing Meteorological Observatory of Tianjin Tianjin 301700 China

A set of vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations, size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei（CCN）spectra was observed using a passive cloud and aerosol spectrometer（PCASP） and cloud condensation nuclei counter, over the Tongliao area, East Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the average aerosol number concentration in this region was much lower than that in heavily polluted areas. Monthly average aerosol number concentrations within the boundary layer reached a maximum in May and a minimum in September, and the variations in CCN number concentrations at different supersaturations showed the same trend. The parameters c and k of the empirical function N = c S^kwere 539 and1.477 under clean conditions, and their counterparts under polluted conditions were 1615 and 1.42. Measurements from the airborne probe mounted on a Yun-12（Y12） aircraft, together with Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model backward trajectories indicated that the air mass from the south of Tongliao contained a high concentration of aerosol particles（1000–2500 cm^（-3）） in the middle and lower parts of the troposphere. Moreover, detailed intercomparison of data obtained on two days in 2010 indicated that the activation efficiency in terms of the ratio of NCCNto N_a（aerosols measured from PCASP） was 0.74（0.4 supersaturations） when the air mass mainly came from south of Tongliao, and this value increased to 0.83 on the relatively cleaner day. Thus, long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from heavily polluted mega cities,such as Beijing and Tianjin, may result in slightly decreasing activation efficiencies.

关键词： CCN aerosol size distribution aircraft observation

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Microphysical Processes of a Stratiform Precipitation Event over Eastern China:Analysis Using Micro Rain Radar data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第12期34卷 1472-1482页

作者： Hong WANG Hengchi LEI jiefan YANG Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Weather Modification Office

Data collected using the micro rain radar(MRR) situated in Jinan city, eastern China, were used to explore the altitudinal and temporal evolution of rainfall microphysical characteristics, and to analyze the bright band(BB) characteristics and hydrometeor classification. Specifically, a low-intensity and stable stratiform precipitation event that occurred from 0000 to0550 UTC 15 February 2015 and featured a BB was studied. During this event, the rainfall intensity was less than 2 mm h-1 at a height of 300 m, which was above the radar site level, so the errors caused by the vertical air motion could be *** freezing height from the radiosonde matched well with the top of the BB observed by the MRR. It was also found that the number of 0.5–1 mm diameter drops showed no noticeable variation below the BB. The maximum fall velocity and the maximum gradient fall velocity(GFV) of the raindrops appeared at the bottom of the BB. Meanwhile, a method that uses the GFV and reflectivity to identify the altitude and the thickness of the BB was established, with which the MRR can provide a reliable and real-time estimation of the 0?C isotherm. The droplet fall velocity was used to classify the types of snow crystals above the BB. In the first 20 min of the selected precipitation event, graupel prevailed above the BB; and at an altitude of2000 m, graupel also dominated in the first 250 min. After 150 min, the existence of graupel and dendritic crystals with water droplets above the BB was inferred.

关键词： drop size distribution micro rain radar bright band microphysical processes

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Idealized numerical simulation experiment of ice seeding in convective clouds using a bin microphysics scheme

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第6期15卷 35-41页

作者： jiefan Yang Hengchi Lei Key Laboratory of Cloud Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijingChina

A 2D axisymmetric bin model is used to conduct idealized numerical experiments of cloud *** simulations are performed for two clouds that differ in their initial wind *** show that,although cloud seeding with an ice concentration of 1000 Lin a regime that has relatively high supercooled liquid water can obtain a positive effect,the rainfall enhancement seems more pronounced when the cloud develops in a wind shear *** no-shear environment,the change in the microphysical thermodynamic field after seeding shows that,although more graupel is produced via riming and this can increase the surface rainfall intensity,the larger drag force and cooling of melting graupel is unfavorable for the development of *** the contrary,when the cloud develops in a wind shear environment,since the main downdraft is behind the direction of movement of the cloud,its negative effect on precipitation is much weaker.

关键词： Cloud seeding Bin model Idealized numerical simulation

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A study on carbon emission calculation in operation stage of residential buildings based on micro electricity usage behavior:Three case studies in China

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 147-164页

作者： Menghan Niu Ying Ji Miao Zhao jiefan Gu Aonan Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China The Bartlett School of Architecture University College LondonWC1E 6BTUK

Along with the improvement of social productivity and living standard,residential buildings generate a growing portion of carbon emissions,especially during the operation ***,energy use behaviors are usually ignored in carbon emission *** study focuses on calculating carbon emissions during the operation stage for residential buildings based on the characteristics of energy use behaviors in different ***,we investigated energy use behaviors in dwellings across three cities in China:Xi'an,Shanghai and ***,we established calibrated carbon emission models and optimization models with different green building measures for residential *** results of this research reveal a significant disparity between the energy usage habits of residents in different climate *** carbon emissions of residential electricity bills in Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou are 13.6 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)(excluding central heating),29.3 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)and 17.2 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),*** carbon emissions account for 32.2%-64.1% of the *** comparison to the model based on internal standard setting,the accuracy of the models using actual internal has improved by 25.9%-37.4%.The three-star green building methods have the highest carbon reduction rate among different star buildings,the emission reduction rates are around 30%.This study's findings are useful for carbon emission calculation and green building design of residential buildings in the future.

关键词： residential building energy usage behavior energy simulation carbon emissions

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Significance of expression of heat shock protein90α in human gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第11期9卷 2616-2618页

作者： Dong-ShengZuo Jiedai Ai-HuaBo jiefan Xiu-YingXiao DepartmentofPathology ZhangjiakouMedicalCollegeZhangjiakou075029HebeiProvinceChina CapitalUniversityofMedicalSciences Beijing100054China

AIM: To evaluate the significance of hsp90α expression in human gastric cancer ***: Immunohistochemical staining was used in clinical specimens from 33 cases of gastric cancer and 33 cases of gastritis with rabbit anti-human hsp90α multi-clonal antibody in order to explore the relationship between the expression of hsp90α in gastric carcinoma tissue and gastritis tissue as well as in mucous membrane adjacent to cancer and lymph node ***: Hsp90α was detected in 88 % of gastric carcinoma cases and 55 % of gastritis cases. The hsp90α positive rate in gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in gastritis group (P＜0.01, P=0.005). The hsp90α positive rate in gastric cancer and in mucous membrane adjacent to cancer was 88 % and 55 % respectively (P＜0.01,P=0.005). The hsp90α positive rate in lymph node metastasis group and non-lymph node metastasis group was 100 % and 60 %respectively, and a significant correlation between hsp90α expression and lymph node metastasis was shown (P＜0.01,P=0.005).CONCLUSION: The hsp90α expression rate in gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in gastritis group as well as that in the group of mucous membrane adjacent to cancer. The hsp90α expression in lymphatic node metastasis group was higher than that in non-lymphatic node metastasis group. The results indicate that increased hsp90α expression has a close relationship with occurrence and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.

关键词：热休克蛋白90α 胃癌基因表达临床意义淋巴细胞肿瘤病理学

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