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A Quasi-Linear Relationship between Planetary Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Surface Temperature in a Radiative-Convective-Transportive Climate Model of a Gray Atmosphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 8-18页

作者： jie SUN Michael SECOR Ming cai Xiaoming HU Department of Earth Oceanand Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32304USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Zhuhai 519082China

In this study,we put forward a radiative-convective-transportive energy balance model of a gray atmosphere to examine individual roles of the greenhouse effect of water vapor,vertical convection,and atmospheric poleward energy transport as well as their combined effects for a quasi-linear relationship between the outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)and surface temperature(T_(S)).The greenhouse effect of water vapor enhances the meridional gradient of surface temperature,thereby directly contributing to a quasi-linear OLR-T_(S) *** atmospheric poleward energy transport decreases the meridional gradient of surface *** a result of the poleward energy transport,tropical(high-latitude)atmosphere-surface columns emit less(more)OLR than the solar energy input at their respective locations,causing a substantial reduction of the meridional gradient of the *** combined effect of reducing the meridional gradients of both OLR and surface temperature by the poleward energy transport also contributes to the quasi-linear OLR-T_(S) *** convective energy transport reduces the meridional gradient of surface temperature without affecting the meridional gradient of OLR,thereby suppressing part of the reduction to the increasing rate of OLR with surface temperature by the greenhouse effect of water vapor and poleward energy *** of the nature of the energy balance in the climate system,such a quasi-linear relationship is also a good approximation for the relationship between the annual-mean net downward solar energy flux at the top of the atmosphere and surface temperature.

关键词： outgoing longwave radiation greenhouse effect poleward energy transport

Status and trends of carbon emissions research at the county level in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 338-352页

作者： Ang-Zu cai ru GUO Yu-Hao ZHANG Jiang WU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Planning and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Megacity Elaborated Urban Governance Institute Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to achieving carbon neutrality at the county level in China and offers targeted recommendations,laying the groundwork for future specialized research in this area.A total of 283 relevant studies(2004-2023)were analyzed to assess county-level carbon emissions through three phases:bibliometric analysis,frontier analysis,and future *** findings reveal that publication trends were largely influenced by domestic and foreign *** cluster discerns ten primary themes,ranging from conceptual frameworks to research *** frontier analysis of the literature highlights the leading research areas,which include carbon neutrality pathway,driving factors,spatiotemporal variation of carbon emissions,the co-effects of pollutants and carbon reduction,and carbon emissions in China's rural *** from the results of bibliometric and frontier analyses,this study elucidates the recommendations for achieving carbon neutrality at the county level from three perspectives:effective regional policy guidance,emphasis on ecological conservation,and the deployment of advanced carbon reduction and sequestration *** study enriches the body of knowledge on carbon emissions at the county level and holds significant implications for China's comprehensive push towards achieving its carbon neutrality objectives.

关键词： Carbon emissions Emission reduction County Carbon neutrality Sustainability

Microstructure and impact behavior of Mg-4Al-5RE-xGd cast magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1799-1814页

作者： jie Wei Qudong Wang Huisheng cai Mahmoud Ebrahimi Chuan Lei National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

This work investigated the microstructure and impact behavior of Mg-4Al-5RE-xGd(RE represents La-Ce mischmetal;x=0,0.2,0.7 wt.%)alloys cast by high-pressure die casting(HPDC),permanent mold casting(PMC),and sand casting(SC)*** results indicated that with increasing Gd content,the grain sizes of the HPDC alloy had a slight change,but the grains of the PMC and SC alloys were significantly ***,the acicular Al_(11)RE_(3)phase was modified into the short-rod shape under the three casting *** impact toughness of the studied alloy was mainly dominated by the absorbed energy during the crack *** increasing Gd content,the impact toughness of the studied alloy monotonically increased due to the lower tendency of the modified second phase toward crack *** impact stress was higher than the tensile stress,exhibiting a strain rate sensitivity for the mechanical response;however,the HPDC alloy had an inconsistent strain rate sensitivity during the impact event due to the transformation of the deformation mechanism from twinning to slip with increasing *** dimples covered the fracture surface of the fine-grained HPDC alloys,indicating a typical ductile ***,due to the deficient{1012}twinning activity and the suppressed grain boundary sliding during the impact event,the HPDC alloys showed insufficient plastic deformation capacity.

关键词： Mg-Al-RE alloy Gadolinium Microstructure Impact behavior

The effects of various factors on spontaneous imbibition in tight oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 315-326页

作者： Cheng Liu Tian-ru Wang Qing You Yue-Chun Du Guang Zhao cai-Li Dai School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083PR China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongPR China

Slickwater fracturing fluids have gained widespread application in the development of tight oil reservoirs. After the fracturing process, the active components present in slickwater can directly induce spontaneous imbibition within the reservoir. Several variables influence the eventual recovery rate within this procedure, including slickwater composition, formation temperature, degree of reservoir fracture development, and the reservoir characteristics. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms governing these influences remain relatively understudied. In this investigation, using the Chang-7 block of the Changqing Oilfield as the study site, we employ EM-30 slickwater fracturing fluid to explore the effects of the drag-reducing agent concentration, imbibition temperature, core permeability, and core fracture development on spontaneous imbibition. An elevated drag-reducing agent concentration is observed to diminish the degree of medium and small pore utilization. Furthermore, higher temperatures and an augmented permeability enhance the fluid flow properties, thereby contributing to an increased utilization rate across all pore sizes. Reduced fracture development results in a lower fluid utilization across diverse pore types. This study deepens our understanding of the pivotal factors affecting spontaneous imbibition in tight reservoirs following fracturing. The findings act as theoretical, technical, and scientific foundations for optimizing fracturing strategies in tight oil reservoir transformations.

关键词： Tight oil reservoir Spontaneous imbibition Nuclear magnetic resonance Slickwater fracturing fluid Fluid utilization degree

Printable,flexible ceramic fiber paper based on electrospinning

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2739-2746页

作者： Yong-Shuai Xie Yuan Cheng Yang Lyu rui Li jie-cai Han National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Based on the fact that it is challenging for the polymer flexible circuit substrates to meet the requirements of serving in high-temperature environments,this work proposed the idea of using printable ceramic fiber paper as a high-temperature flexible circuit substrate.A ceramic fiber paper with all ceramic components had been developed via electrospinning,solving the problems of low strength and severe strength drop at high temperatures of traditional ceramic fiber *** tensile strength of the prepared ceramic fiber paper is 2.63 MPa,and the reliable service temperature is 1200℃.Its bulk density is about 1.5 times that of traditional ceramic fiber *** can be printed with patterns by commercial inkjet printers like ordinary printing paper and has excellent *** feasibility of ceramic fiber paper as a flexible circuit substrate was verified by constructing a simple *** the fiber paper is significantly bent,the circuit still forms a complete path,which proves that it has a strong application potential for high-temperature flexible circuit substrate and is expected to promote the development of flexible electronic devices serving at extreme high-temperature environments.

关键词： Ceramic fiber paper High temperature Inkjet printing Flexible electronic

Changes of China’s Status in the Global System and Its Influencing Factors:A Multiple Contact Networks Perspective

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第2期34卷 265-279页

作者： LIU Jian LIU Jibin YANG Qingshan cai Sikai LIU jie School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains Ministry of EducationChangchun 130024China School of Architecture and Planning Jilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchun 130118China School of Geographical Sciences Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China

Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national *** much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional *** today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still *** this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to *** results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic *** pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’*** proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in ***’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.

关键词： global system economic ties cultural exchanges political contacts multiple contact networks China’s status

Optimization Study of Active-Passive Heating System Parameters in Village Houses in the Southern Xinjiang Province

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1963-1990页

作者： Xiaodan Wu jie Li Yongbin cai Sihui Huang College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi823000China Scientific Research Department Shihezi UniversityShihezi823000China

Aiming at the problems of large energy consumption and serious pollution of winter heating existing in the rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang,a combined active-passive heating system was proposed,and the simulation software was used to optimize the parameters of the system,according to the parameters obtained from the optimization,a test platform was built and winter heating test was carried *** simulation results showed that the thickness of the air layer of 75 mm,the total area of the vent holes of 0.24 m^(2),and the thickness of the insulation layer of 120 mm were the optimal construction for the passive part;solar collector area of 28 m^(2),hot water storage tank volume of 1.4 m^(3),mass flow rate of 800 kg/h on the collector side,mass flow rate of 400 kg/h on the heat exchanger side,and output power of auxiliary heat source of 5∼9 kWwere the optimal constructions for active heating *** results showed that during the heating period,the system could provide sufficient heat to the room under different heating modes,and the indoor temperature reached over 18°C,which met the heating *** economic and environmental benefits of the system were analyzed,and the economic benefits of the systemwere better than coal-fired heating,and the CO_(2) emissionswere reduced by 3,292.25 kg compared with *** results of the study showed that the combinedactive-passiveheating systemcouldeffectively solve the heating problems existing in rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang,and it also laid the theoretical foundation for the popularization of the combined heating systems.

关键词： Trombe wall biomass boilers active-passive combined heating systems parameter optimization villages and towns

PI-3 kinase pathway can mediate the effect of TGF-β1 in inducing the expression of SHARP-2 in LLC-PK1 cells

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第9期10卷 702-706页

作者： Zhang-fei SHOU Qin ZHOU jie-ru cai Jiang-hua CHEN Kazuya YAMADA Kaoru MIYAMOTO Kidney Disease Center the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Combined Transplantation Ministry of Health Hangzhou 310003 China Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji-cho Fukui 910-1193 Japan

We aim to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on the expression of enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein-2 (SHARP-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and its signaling pathway. In this study, several cell lines including LLC-PK1 (a porcine kidney tubular epithelial cell line), MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) and CTLL-2 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line) were treated with recombinant human TGF-β1, and a series of experiments were carried out, involving Northern blot analysis of total RNA from these cells. Further, several specific chemical inhibitors were applied before TGF-β1 treatment to probe the signaling pathway. The results showed that TGF-β1 can significantly up-regulate SHARP-2 mRNA expression in the LLC-PK1 cell line. The peak level of induction was found 2 h after TGF-β1 stimulation. While one phospho-inositide 3-kinases (PI-3) kinase inhibitor, LY294002, completely blocked the effect of TGF-β1 on SHARP-2 mRNA expression in LLC-PK1 cells at a low concentration, other inhibitors, including PD98059, staurosporine, AG490, wortmannin, okadaic acid and rapamycin, had no effect. The effect of LY294002 was dose-dependent. We conclude that, in LLC-PK1 cells at least, TGF-β1 can effectively induce the SHARP-2 mRNA expression and that the PI-3 kinase pathway can mediate this effect.

关键词：转化生长因子有限责任公司信号转导通路细胞系夏普激酶 PI 诱导

An isolated symmetrical 2T2R cell enabling high precision and high density for RRAM-based in-memory computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 287-294页

作者： Yaotian LING Zongwei WANG Yuhang YANG Lin BAO Shengyu BAO Qishen WANG Yimao cai ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In-memory computing(IMC), leveraging emerging memories, holds significant promise in overcoming memory limitations and improving energy efficiency. However, the prevailing IMC array structure based on serially connected transistors and memory cells(1T1R/2T2R), along with the signed weight mapping scheme, can lead to asymmetrical weight sensing issues(AWS) due to electrical asymmetry within the1T1R/2T2R structure, particularly in highly scaled cells where the transistor's resistance becomes significant. In this paper, we propose and fabricate an electrically symmetric memory cell based on a physically isolated 2T2R structure for IMC. This design aims to enhance the precision and density of RRAM-based IMC arrays. The 2T2R cells are manufactured using the back-end-of-line(BEOL) process of a commercial40 nm technology platform. The feasibility of this design is verified through measured and simulated results,showcasing its capability to address the issue of AWS. Compared to conventional 2T2R cells, this design achieves a considerably smaller transistor footprint without compromising accuracy, while also improving integration density by 42.2%. These innovative memory cell advancements have the potential to further advance high-energy-efficient IMC technology.

关键词： RRAM 2T2R multi-level storage weight asymmetry in-memory computing