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Electrochemical transformation of biomass-derived oxygenates

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第4期66卷 1011-1031页

作者： Peng zhou jie Zhang School of Chemistry Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

Replacing conventional fossil resources with renewable raw materials for chemical production and energy generation is crucial for achieving the carbon-neutral goal and alleviating the emerging energy crisis.Biomass has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for this purpose owing to its great natural abundance and inherent ability to fix CO_(2) in the form of multicarbon compounds.Particularly,biomass conversion through an electrochemical route is intriguing because of its operability near ambient conditions,flexible scalability(suitable for distributed manufacturing and even domestic use)and green generation of oxidative or reductive equivalents instead of wasteful and possibly explosive or flammable reagents.Herein,recent progress in electrochemical transformation of biomass,including hydrogenation and amination,is reviewed with the emphasis on catalysts and strategies for enhancing catalytic efficiency.The advances in mechanistic understanding using in-situ spectroscopy are also briefly discussed.Finally,recommendations for the directions for future development are also provided.

关键词： biomass utilization electrochemical hydrogenation reductive amination catalyst in-situ spectroscopy mechanism

An SAV Method for Imaginary Time Gradient Flow Model in Density Functional Theory

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2023年第3期15卷 719-736页

作者： Ting Wang Jie zhou Guanghui Hu Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina School of Mathematics and Computational Science Xiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan 411105China Zhuhai UM Science&Technology Research Institute ZhuhaiGuangdong 519030China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications University of MacaoMacao SARChina

In this paper,based on the imaginary time gradient flow model in the density functional theory,a scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method is developed for the ground state calculation of a given electronic structure system.To handle the orthonormality constraint on those wave functions,two kinds of penalty terms are introduced in designing the modified energy functional in SAV,i.e.,one for the norm preserving of each wave function,another for the orthogonality between each pair of different wave functions.A numerical method consisting of a designed scheme and a linear finite element method is used for the discretization.Theoretically,the desired unconditional decay of modified energy can be obtained from our method,while computationally,both the original energy and modified energy decay behaviors can be observed successfully from a number of numerical experiments.More importantly,numerical results show that the orthonormality among those wave functions can be automatically preserved,without explicitly preserving orthogonalization operations.This implies the potential of our method in large-scale simulations in density functional theory.

关键词： Density functional theory gradient flow scalar auxiliary variable unconditional energy stability orthonormalization free

Rules:abide or abandon?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第1期11卷 97-99页

作者： Jie zhou Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Department of General SurgeryNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina

Should we follow the rules or break them?It is common sense that we must follow the rules.However,there is also such a saying that“rules are set to break”.Only by daring to break the existing rules can we seek innovation and change in our life and work.Indeed,unreasonable rules must be abandoned to establish new rules that fit realistic situations.However,most rules are properly established;thus,they must be obeyed.In particular,rules in the medical field should be strictly obeyed.

关键词： break Should such

ChatGPT: potential, prospects, and limitations

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 6-11页

作者： Jie zhou Pei KE Xipeng QIU Minlie HUANG Junping ZHANG School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shanghai 200433China

Recently,OpenAI released Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)(Schulman et al.,2022)(https://***),which has attracted considerable attention from the industry and academia because of its impressive abilities.This is the first time that such a variety of open tasks can be well solved within one large language model.To better understand ChatGPT,we briefly introduce its history,discuss its advantages and disadvantages,and point out several potential applications.Finally,we analyze its impact on the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence,conversational search engine,and artificial general intelligence.

关键词： artificial limitations intelligence

New insights from a plant immune receptor may help design of disease resistant crops

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 194-196页

作者： jie Zhang Jian-Min zhou State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Receptor-like proteins(RLPs)are a class of cell surface immune receptors highly important for plant defense against numerous pathogens.How these receptors detect pathogen molecules to activate immune signaling has remained poorly understood.A recent study published in Nature uncovers how an RLP protein called Response to XEG1(RXEG1)is activated by a pathogen protein called XEG1.

关键词： insight crops immune

Biomechanical modeling for the response of human thorax to blast waves

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第4期31卷 589-598页

作者： Jie zhou Gang Tao School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology

A simplified finite element model of a human thorax had been developed for probing into the mechani- cal response in simple and complex blast environments. The human thorax model was first created by CT images with blast loading applied via a coupled arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian method, allowing for a variety of loads to be considered. The goal is to analyze the maximum stress distri- butions of lung tissue and peak inward thorax wall velocity and to know the possible regions and levels of lung injury. In parallel, a mathematical model has been modified from the Lobdell model to investigate the detailed percentage of lung injury at each level. The blast loadings around the human tho- rax were obtained from the finite element model, and were then applied in the mathematical model as the boundary con- ditions to predict the normalized work of the human thorax lung. The present results are found in agreement with the modified Bowen curves and the results predicted by Axels- son＇s model.

关键词： Biomechanical model Human thorax Blastwaves Stress wave Normalized work- Blast lung injury

High selective epoxidation of 2-methylpropene over a Mo-based oxametallacycle reinforced nano composite

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 209-218页

作者： Chao Xiong Hao Liu Jie zhou Dejing Xu Yichao Liang Xiantai zhou Can Xue Hongbing Ji Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Compared with the gas-solid phase reactions,the epoxidation of light olefins in the liquid phase could realize the highly selective preparation of epoxides at a lower temperature.Nevertheless,the C=C bond of light olefins is more difficult to activate,and it is still a challenge to realize the dual activation of the oxidant and light olefins in one reaction system.In this contribution,an oxametallacycle reinforced nanocomposite(Mo(O_(2))_(2)@RT)is prepared via an oxidative pretreatment strategy,and its epoxidation performance to 2-methylpropene in liquid-phase with tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP)as an oxidant is evaluated.A set of advanced characterizations including field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),electron spin-resonance spectroscopy,and high-resolution mass spectrometer are implemented to confirm the physicochemical properties and the catalytic behaviors of Mo(O_(2))_(2)@RT.This catalyst has a fast kinetic response and exhibits excellent catalytic activity in 2-methylpropene epoxidation to produce 2-methylpropylene oxide(MPO;select.:99.7%;yield:92%),along with good reusability and scalability.Moreover,the main epoxidation mechanism is deduced that TBHP is activated by Mo(O_(2))_(2)@RT to generate the highly active tert-butyl peroxide radical,which realizes the epoxidation of 2-methylpropene to yield MPO.

关键词： oxidative pretreatment Mo(O_(2))_(2)@RT composite 2-methylpropene epoxidation dual activation radical mechanism

How to Implement the Wholesale Price Contract: Considering Competition between Supply Chains

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2022年第2期31卷 150-173页

作者： Yongwu zhou jie Liu Xiaoli Wu School of Business Administration South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

In this paper,we develop the price competition model of two supply chains,in which each supply chain includes one core manufacturer and one retailer,respectively.The manufacturer in each supply chain sells products to the retailer through a commonly-used wholesale price contract.Each manufacturer has two options to implement the wholesale price contract:playing the Stackelberg game with the retailer and playing the bargaining game with the retailer.Based on the manufacturer's two alternative performing modes in each supply chain,we consider four combined performing modes of two competitive supply chains in the model.By comparing equilibrium results,we find that when both manufacturers choose to bargain with retailers,the sales volume increases and the sales price decreases.Moreover,the manufacturers'mode option is affected by bargaining power,product quality level,and the cost of improving product quality.Specifically,when both bargaining power and the cost of improving product quality are relatively small,both manufacturers choose to play Stackelberg game with retailers.When manufacturers'bargaining power is sufficiently large,regardless of the cost of improving product quality,both manufacturers choose to bargain with retailers.Surprisingly,when the manufacturer chooses to bargain the wholesale price with the retailer,higher product quality is not always beneficial to the retailer because the retailer may have to share part of the cost of the manufacturer.

关键词： Price competition wholesale price contract Nash bargain Stackelberg game

Parapatric speciation with recurrent gene flow of two sexual dichromatic pheasants

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 137-144页

作者： Zheng Li Jie zhou Minzhi Gao Wei Liang Lu Dong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Understanding speciation has long been a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology.It is widely accepted that speciation requires an interruption of gene flow to generate strong reproductive isolation between species.The mechanism of how speciation in sexually dichromatic species operates in the face of gene flow remains an open question.Two species in the genus Chrysolophus,the Golden Pheasant(C.pictus)and Lady Amherst’s Pheasant(C.amherstiae),both of which exhibit significant plumage dichromatism,are currently parapatric in southwestern China with several hybrid recordings in field.In this study,we estimated the pattern of gene flow during the speciation of the two pheasants using the Approximate Bayesian Computation(ABC)method based on data from multiple genes.Using a newly assembled de novo genome of Lady Amherst’s Pheasant and resequencing of widely distributed individuals,we reconstructed the demographic history of the two pheasants by the PSMC(pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent)method.The results provide clear evidence that the gene flow between the two pheasants was consistent with the predictions of the isolation with migration model during divergence,indicating that there was long-term gene flow after the initial divergence(ca.2.2 million years ago).The data further support the occurrence of secondary contact between the parapatric populations since around 30 kya with recurrent gene flow to the present,a pattern that may have been induced by the population expansion of the Golden Pheasant in the late Pleistocene.The results of the study support the scenario of speciation between the Golden Pheasant and Lady Amherst’s Pheasant with cycles of mixing-isolation-mixing,possibly due to the dynamics of geographical context in the late Pleistocene.The two species provide a good research system as an evolutionary model for testing reinforcement selection in speciation.

关键词： flow Golden evolutionary