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A Quasi-Linear Relationship between Planetary Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Surface Temperature in a Radiative-Convective-Transportive Climate Model of a Gray Atmosphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 8-18页

作者： jie sun Michael SECOR Ming CAI Xiaoming HU Department of Earth Oceanand Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32304USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Zhuhai 519082China

In this study,we put forward a radiative-convective-transportive energy balance model of a gray atmosphere to examine individual roles of the greenhouse effect of water vapor,vertical convection,and atmospheric poleward energy transport as well as their combined effects for a quasi-linear relationship between the outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)and surface temperature(T_(S)).The greenhouse effect of water vapor enhances the meridional gradient of surface temperature,thereby directly contributing to a quasi-linear OLR-T_(S) *** atmospheric poleward energy transport decreases the meridional gradient of surface *** a result of the poleward energy transport,tropical(high-latitude)atmosphere-surface columns emit less(more)OLR than the solar energy input at their respective locations,causing a substantial reduction of the meridional gradient of the *** combined effect of reducing the meridional gradients of both OLR and surface temperature by the poleward energy transport also contributes to the quasi-linear OLR-T_(S) *** convective energy transport reduces the meridional gradient of surface temperature without affecting the meridional gradient of OLR,thereby suppressing part of the reduction to the increasing rate of OLR with surface temperature by the greenhouse effect of water vapor and poleward energy *** of the nature of the energy balance in the climate system,such a quasi-linear relationship is also a good approximation for the relationship between the annual-mean net downward solar energy flux at the top of the atmosphere and surface temperature.

关键词： outgoing longwave radiation greenhouse effect poleward energy transport

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Simulation of gas-solid flow in sinter vertical cooling furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第11期30卷 2133-2142页

作者： Teng-fei Qi Hai-feng Li Jun-jie sun Guo-jun Chen Yong-jie Zhang School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-Metallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Technology Center Shanghai Meishan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Nanjing210039JiangsuChina Central Research Institute Baosteel Co.Ltd.Shanghai201900China

The velocity distribution of sinter and gas in vertical cooling furnace(VCF)has an important influence on gas-solid heat *** on the slot model of single hopper in the VCF of Meishan Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,the velocity and particle size distribution of sinter and the velocity and pressure distribution of gas were studied using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method model to obtain the gas-solid flow rule in the *** results showed that the velocity of sinter near the wall and the edge of vent cowl was lower than that in the rest of the same ***,the rectangular section of the vertical cooling furnace can be divided into a quasi-static zone,a plug flow zone and a convergent flow zone according to the flow velocity of the *** average particle size and the void fraction of sinter bed were distributed in"W"and"V"shape along the width direction,*** distribution of gas velocity in the furnace cavity was uneven,and the high-velocity area gradually changed from the center to the edge of the furnace cavity with the rise of *** the ratio of edge to center gas flow from 2.7∶1 to 0.7∶1 could improve the gas velocity,but could not change the gas velocity *** gas velocity distribution was more affected by the average particle size distribution of the sinter *** was suggested that measures need be taken to adjust it to improve the gas velocity distribution in the VCF.

关键词： Sinter Vertical cooling furnace Average particle size Void fraction Velocity distribution Gas distribution mode

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Comprehensive Review of Line-Focus Concentrating Solar Thermal Technologies: Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) vs Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR)

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第5期29卷 1097-1124页

作者： sun jie ZHANG Zhi WANG Li ZHANG Zhenwen WEI Jinjia School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

In the present review,parabolic trough collector(PTC)and linear Fresnel reflector(LFR)are comprehensively and comparatively reviewed in terms of historical background,technological features,recent advancement,economic analysis and application *** is found that although PTC and LFR are both classified as mainstream line-focus concentrating solar thermal(CST)technologies,they are now standing at different stages of development and facing their individual opportunities and *** PTC,the development is commercially mature with steady and reliable performance;therefore,extension of application is the main future *** LFR,the development is still in rapid progress to commercial maturity,yet indicating very promising potentials with high flexibility in novel designs and remarkable reduction in capital and operational *** question,which has to be answered in order to estimate the future perspectives of these two line-focus CST technologies,becomes which of these characteristics carries more weight or how to reach an optimal trade-off between them.

关键词： concentrating solar thermal(CST) concentrating solar power(CSP) line-focus parabolic trough collect(PTC) linear Fresnel reflector(LFR)

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Multiphysics Coupling Study on Impregnation Process of Hot-Melt Resin in Fiber Fabrics for Composite Material Production

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第1期32卷 206-222页

作者： HUANG Yakun sun jie LIU Yuhong LI Jian ZHANG Xiaosong Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Xi'an Aerospace Composite Materials Research Institute Xi'an 710025China

Since the resin-based composite materials are of essential importance in many key engineering fields,the manufacture processes are highly worth studying and optimizing for satisfying quality control at the highest possible production *** this paper,combined with the impregnation theory,the flow-thermal-mechanical multiphysics coupling model is built to characterize,investigate and optimize the osmotic flow process of hot-melt resin in fiber fabrics with the uniformity and adequacy of resin impregnation as the evaluation ***,the osmotic flow process is characterized by the osmotic flow front of resin,which is tracked by the phase-field ***,the influencing factors of roller clearance,temperature and speed are comprehensively *** that,the simulation data of resin impregnation degree are fitted by polynomial curves,with accuracy up to 96.13%,for further investigation of interaction between influencing ***,based on the above results,the operation parameter combination for impregnation process is optimized with the response surface method and provided as the guidance for practical application.

关键词： resin impregnation process multiphysics coupling phase-field method single-factor analysis response surface method parameter optimization

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Site-1 protease cleavage site is important for the ER stress-induced activation of membrane-associated transcription factor bZIP28 in Arabidopsis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 270-275页

作者： sun Le ZHANG Shuang-Shuang LU sun-jie LIU Jian-Xiang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University

Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depending on different developmental context or stress severity. The Arabidopsis membrane-associated transcription factor, b ZIP28, is the functional equivalent of mammalian ATF6, which relocates from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released from the membrane to the nucleus to mediate the UPR. Although the canonical site-1 protease(S1P) cleavage site on the ER lumen-facing domain is well conserved between b ZIP28 and ATF6, the importance of S1 P cleavage on b ZIP28 has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we provide genetic evidence that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, on the lumen-facing domain of bZ IP28 is critical for the biological function of b ZIP28 under ER stress condition. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies demonstrated that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, is required for proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of b ZIP28 in response to ER stress. Our results reveal that S1 P cleavage site plays a pivotal role in activation and function of b ZIP28 during UPR in plants.

关键词： membrane-associated transcription factor ER stress unfolded protein response bZ IP28 S1P S2P

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Assessment of the Characteristics of Demersal Fish Communities Using Species-and Trait-Based Approaches in the Coastal Habitats Along Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 786-796页

作者： YUAN Shunjie sun Xin TU Zhong sun jie WANG Xianning ZHANG Peidong Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266003China Shandong Fisheries Development and Resource Conservation Center Yantai 264003China

Biodiversity declines have motivated many studies on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem *** this study,we described the spatial-temporal characteristics of demersal fish communities along a coastal habitat in Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China with both species-based and biological trait-based *** field survey was carried out monthly using traps from April to October of 2018,and divided into three seasons(spring:April and May;summer:June,July and August;autumn:September,October and November).The study area included five distinct habitats:seagrass bed,natural rocky reef,bare sand,artificial reef together with natural rocky reef,and artificial reef together with bare *** analyzed the fish communities with three taxonomic diversity indices,including Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Pielou Evenness,as well as four functional diversity indices,including FRic,FEve,FDiv,and FDis,based on 7 functional groups which are categorized into 27 *** results showed that there were no significant differences in taxonomic diversity indices among different habitats in the three ***,significant differences were found in the functional richness of fish communities among different habitats in three *** bed represented the highest functional richness in spring and *** study demonstrates that seagrass bed is very important in enhancing the functional diversity of fish communities in a complex *** study also indicates that the combination of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity will provide a more detailed description of the characteristics of fish communities.

关键词： complex habitat biological traits biodiversity fish communities

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Organic composition of gasoline and its potential effects on air pollution in North China

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第9期58卷 1416-1425页

作者： Guiqian Tang jie sun Fangkun Wu Yang sun Xiaowan Zhu Yejun Geng Yuesi Wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences China Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd. (CPE)

When gasoline is burned to power an automotive engine, a portion of the fuel remains unburned or is partially burned and leaves the engine as hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. In addition, a small portion of the fuel can escape the vehicle through evaporation. Changes in alkanes, olefins and aromatics each affect emissions differently, which could complicate control strategies for air pollution. In this study, we collected 31 gasoline samples over five provinces and cities(Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi) in North China between 2012 and 2013. The organic composition of the gasoline samples was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method, and the aniline compounds were analyzed by solvent extraction and the GC-MS method. The ratios of alkanes, aromatics, olefins and other organic compounds in gasoline were 40.6%, 38.1%, 12.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The aromatic and benzene exceedances were 15 and 8 based on the China's gasoline standards(III), and they accounted for 48.4% and 25.8% of all the gasoline samples, respectively. Strong carcinogen aniline compounds were detected in all 31 samples, and the content of aniline compounds in 3 samples exceeded 1%. The high proportion of aromatics and olefins in the gasoline increased the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO) and toxics, as well as the atmospheric photochemical reactivity of exhaust emissions, which could hasten the formation of secondary pollutants. Our results are helpful for redefining government strategies to control air pollution in North China and relevant for developing new refining technology throughout China.

关键词： aniline air pollution refining process emissions

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Experimental and simulation research on hollow AZ31 magnesium alloy three-channel joint by hot extrusion forming with sand mandrel

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 98-109页

作者： Shi Shengnan Wang Hongyu Teng Fei Jiang Lei sun Juncai sun jie Zhang Shunhu Transportation Engineering College Dalian Maritime UniversityDalianLiaoning 106026China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110819China Shagang School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215021China

Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest metal structural *** weight is further reduced through the hollow ***,the hollow structure is easily damaged during *** order to maintain the hollow structure and to transfer the stresses during the high temperature deformation,the sand mandrel is *** this paper,the hollow AZ31 magnesium alloy three-channel joint is studied by hot extrusion *** as one of solid granule medium is used to fill the hollow magnesium *** extrusion temperatures are 230℃ and 300℃,*** process parameters(die angle,temperature,bottom thickness,sidewall thickness,edge-to-middle ratio in bottom,bottom shape)of the hollow magnesium alloy are analyzed based on the results of experiments and the finite element *** results are shown that the formability of the hollow magnesium alloy will be much better when the ratio of sidewall thickness to the bottom thickness is 1:*** when edge-to-middle ratio in bottom is about 1:1.5,a better forming product can be *** best bottom shape in these experiments will be convex based on the forming *** grain will be refined obviously after the *** the microstructures will be shown as *** these lines will be well agreement with the mold in the corner.

关键词： AZ31 magnesium alloy Three-channel joint Sand Experiments and the finite element Die angle

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Enhancing power factor of SnSe sheet with grain boundary by doping germanium or silicon

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 844-849页

作者： jie sun Jiabing Yu Yaguang Guo Qian Wang Center for Applied Physics and Technology Department of Materials Science and EngineeringHEDPSCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Grain boundaries(GBs)widely exist in two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)materials in experiment,which significantly affect the thermoelectric performance because of the scattering effect on the transport of both electron and *** by the research progress in 3D SnSe,we have systematically studied the GBs in a SnSe monolayer including their stable geometric configurations,the effect of GBs on power factor and Seebeck coefficient,and the strategies to improve the performance by using first principles calculations combined with semiclassical Boltzmann *** find that the GBs increase the potential energy barrier of carriers and decrease the valley degeneracy of the conducting bands,leading to the reduction of Seebeck coefficient,as compared to that of the pristine SnSe *** further demonstrate that the trapping gap states are effectively eliminated or reduced by doping germanium or silicon,leading to the enhanced electrical conductivity,power factor,and Seebeck *** findings shed lights on developing practical strategies for modulating the thermoelectric performance of 2D polycrystalline sheets.

关键词： doping power eliminated

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Deformation and fracture mechanisms of an annealing-tailored "bimodal" grain-structured Mg alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第11期35卷 2423-2429页

作者： Baojie Wang Daokui Xu Liyuan Sheng Enhou Han jie sun School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang110159China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Peking University Shenzhen InstituteShenzhen Key Lab Human Tissue Regenerate&RepairShenzhen518057China dEnvironmental Corrosion Center Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

Through investigating and comparing the mechanical behavior of an as-rolled Mg-3%Al-1%Zn(wt%)alloy before and after annealing treatments,it was revealed that the formation of annealing-tailored bimodal grain structure ensured the 330℃/4 h samples having a good combination of tensile strength and *** analysis demonstrated that for the as-rolled and 330℃/1 h samples with fine grain structure,their plastic deformation was mainly attributed to basal slips,whereas the deformation mechanism in the bimodal grain-structured samples was dominated by basal slips in fine grains and twinning in coarse *** the 330℃/8 h samples with coarse grain structure,high densities of twins were ***,basal slips occurred in the twinned and un-twinned areas of coarse grains and could pass through twin *** differently treated samples,cracking preferentially occurred along slip bands,resulting in their transgranular fractures.

关键词： Mg alloy Grain structure Deformation mechanism Cracking Fracture

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