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A New Method for the Aging Evaluation of Oil-Paper Insulation Using η-Butanol and Methanol

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 717-726页

作者： Jianyi Wang Yuanxiang Zhou Jun Liu Zhaowei Wang Song Bai jiayu lu Department of High Voltage China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection Beijing 100192China Electrical Engineering Department Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Solar Storage Division of State Key Lab of Power System and Generation Equipment School of Electrical EngineeringXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830047China State Grid Wuwei Electric Power Supply Company Wuwei 733000China

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the aging life prediction and assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation,and to make up for the deficiencies of traditional characterizers,such as 2-furfural,carbon monoxide,and carbon dioxide,a method for the simultaneous determination of methanol,ethanol,n−propanol,and η-butanol in oil with a single injection is established by headspace-gas chromatography-mass *** measured results show that the determination limits of the four alcohol characterizers can be controlled to 10μg/kg *** on this method,the change patterns of the above four alcohols with thermal aging time and degree of polymerization are obtained through thermal aging experimental ***,η-propanol,and η-butanol in oil indicate nearly linear correlations with thermal aging time and degree of polymerization,similar to that of *** analyzing 52 sets of measured data of 500 kV EHV transformers in operation,η-butanol is found to have excellent performance,and a new method to evaluate the aging state of oil-paper insulation employing η-butanol and methanol is proposed along with the aging attention value *** measured data of 500 kV EHV transformers in operation indicate that the combination of η-butanol and methanol as the preferred characterizers can effectively compensate for the shortcoming of traditional characterizers in the early stages of aging,and the feasibility of the method is *** possible pathways for the generation of η-butanol by cellulose cleavage during the aging of oil-paper are proposed from the chemical structure of cellulose.

关键词： Aging characterization determination method methanol η-butanol oil-paper insulation 500 kV transformers

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Research progress in the off-target effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第17期137卷 2065-2074页

作者： Wu Yanfei Zhang Xiaoyin Zhou Li lu jiayu Zhu Fengcai Li Jingxin School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China Center for Global Health School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China IB Course Center of High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing Jiangsu China Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is designed to provide protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, numerous epidemiological, clinical, and immunological studies have shown that BCG vaccination affects neonatal and infant mortality, which may be related to the reduction of TB-unrelated infections and diseases by BCG vaccine. We aimed to discuss the off-target effects of BCG vaccine on un-TB infections and diseases, as well as the potential mechanism and influencing factors. Literature was retrieved mainly from PubMed using medical subject headings "BCG, variations, and non-specific, heterologous or off-target". Studies have showed that BCG vaccination can prevent various heterologous infections, including respiratory tract infections, leprosy, and malaria, treat viral infections including human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection as immunotherapy, and improve the immune responses as vaccine adjuvant. Besides, BCG vaccine can reduce the recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and may provide protection against autoimmune diseases. These off-target effects of BCG vaccine are thought to be achieved by modulating heterologous lymphocyte responses or inducing trained immunity, which were found to be sex-differentiated and affected by the BCG vaccine strains, sequence or time of vaccination.

关键词： BCG vaccine Off-target effects of vaccines Infections Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Autoimmune diseases Trained immunity

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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI jiayu lu Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO James L.D.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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A Trajectory Planning-Based Energy-Optimal Method for an EMVT System

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第1期118卷 91-109页

作者： jiayu lu Siqin Chang School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China.

In this paper,a trajectory planning-based energy-optimal method is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of novel electromagnetic valve train(EMVT).Firstly,an EMVT optimization model based on state equation was ***,the Gauss pseudospectral method(GPM)was used to plan energy-optimal *** a robust feedforward-feedback tracking controller based on inverse system method is proposed to track the energy-optimal *** order to verify the effectiveness of the energyoptimal trajectory,a test bench was ***,co-simulations based on MATLAB Simulink and AVL Boost were carried out to illustrate the effect of energyoptimal trajectories on engine *** results show that the robust tracking controller can achieve good position tracking *** these energyoptimal trajectories can save up to 40%of the energy consumption compared with the conventional camshaft valve trajectories.

关键词： Electromagnetic valve train energy optimization trajectory plan robust tracking control co-simulation.

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Optimized Design Method of Sharing Two Grounding Electrodes by Multi UHVDC Converter Stations

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高电压技术 2012年第12期38卷 3171-3176页

作者： GUO Jian lu jiayu ZHANG Wenliang China Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074 China

Ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) electrode sites choosing become more and more difficult due to the limited land resource, and it results in an urgent requirement of common electrode technology. The optimized designing method of two kinds of electrodes commonly used by multi converter stations is studied in this paper. The performance criteria and the rational jointing style between electrode lines and electrodes are analysed and determined at first, based on which, the mathematical model of the two kinds of electrodes is established,and an inequality equation set is formed to satisfy the relative standards of environmental impact on ground electrodes. Consequently the optimized designing method is presented through simplification of the model. After all, a specific example is given based on the parameters of Southwest Hydroelectric Project in China, in which two electrode sites had been pre chosen. The results show that, tens of plans of the two kinds of electrodes together with their electrode performances can be provided based on the presented method. The errors of current distribution ratio in all the examined plans are maintained about 1%, the maximum error of earthing resistance is 7% and the maximum error of step voltage is 4%, which prove the engineering practicality of the method.

关键词：高压直流换流站优化设计方法接地极共享最大误差电极线数学模型特高压直流

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Design of the UHVDC Corona Cage in China

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高电压技术 2013年第8期39卷 2022-2026页

作者： GUO Jian lu jiayu ZHANG Wenliang China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100085 China

For the purpose of testing and analysing the corona characteristics of UHVDC bundle conductors, UHVDC corona cage would be built in China. Corona cage is one of the indispensable equipments for conductor corona performance researches. Tests of conductor co- rona characteristics in corona cages can overcome the shortages of those with test *** dimensions of several corona cages constructed overseas were introduced in this paper. Based on foreign experiences and the requirement of State Grid Corporation of China, the UHVDC corona cage was designed as double-cage, double-layer, three-sections, and catenary shape with the size of 70 m×22 m×13 m. The corona loss measurement system, radio interference measuring system, and the audible noise measuring system are also detailed, including the measurement theory, connection with the cage, the parameters and the designing basis. The UHVDC corona cage has been put into service. It now undergoes a large amount of audible noise and radio frequency interference tests.

关键词：特高压直流输电直流电晕设计中国国家电网公司测量系统电晕特性分裂导线

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Architecture of Integrated Source and Effect Measurement System for Researching Corona Phenomena in UHVDC Transmission Line

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高电压技术 2014年第3期40卷 937-944页

作者： YUAN Haiwen lu jiayu LIU Yuanqing YUAN Haibin School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192 China

For studying the correlation between corona current and corona effect, measuring the source and the effect simultaneously to obtain the complete sets of data could be an ideal way. Integrated source and effect measurement system (ISEMS) is essential for this measurement. After analyzing the implementation and functionalities of ISEMS based on theories regarding to system-of-system and system architecture, a novel architecture of ISEMS is proposed. With this architecture, an ISEMS is developed allowing measurements of corona current, radio interference, audible noise, etc, and it was experimentally tested at UHVDC Test Base of the State Grid Corporation of China. It is proved that the novel ISEMS is capable of measuring corona current and audible noise in more than 20 and 12 different locations respectively, as well as the total electric field at ground level in more than 20 specified positions. The successful measurements indicate that ISEMS with the proposed architecture could be very helpful in researches of corona phenomena and hence contributes to UHV transmission projects.

关键词：高电压技术高压安全高压试验避雷设施

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Engineering Calculation Method of Electromagnetic Effect on Oil/Gas Pipelines from 1 000 kV AC Transmission Line Having Single-phase Ground Fault

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高电压技术 2012年第9期38卷 2145-2149页

作者： ZHANG Wenliang JIANG Jun GUO Jian lu jiayu China Electric Power Research Institute

There will be more and more AC transmission lines near oil/gas pipelines in the *** in order to determine the safe distance between them,simple and effective methods are required for engineers to efficiently evaluate the electromagnetic effect on oil/gas pipelines due to faults of AC transmission *** this paper,an easily handled fitting formula is obtained based on multiple calculation results,which is the maximum voltage on the pipeline anticorrosive coating produced by 1 000 kV AC transmission line under single phase ground *** the calculation results obtained from the fitting formula differ from those gained by precise calculation with softwares,the verification of the formula shows that it is applicable for engineering *** research could be applied to evaluate the electromagnetic effect of 1 000 kV AC transmission line under single-phase ground fault on nearby pipelines,as well as to determine the safe distance or the maximum parallel length.

关键词：交流输电线路油气管道故障分析安全距离

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A-PRF促进兔膝关节骨软骨损伤愈合的观察

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上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2024年第1期44卷 13-22页

作者：朱泽宇吕成奇刘旭凌陈昱璐邹德荣陆家瑜上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院口腔科上海200233

目的·探讨改良型富血小板纤维蛋白(advanced platelet-rich fibrin,A-PRF)在骨软骨再生中的作用。方法·获取新西兰兔骨髓间充质干细胞(bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)和膝关节软骨细胞;通过低速离心兔心脏血液获得A-PRF... 详细信息

目的·探讨改良型富血小板纤维蛋白(advanced platelet-rich fibrin,A-PRF)在骨软骨再生中的作用。方法·获取新西兰兔骨髓间充质干细胞(bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)和膝关节软骨细胞;通过低速离心兔心脏血液获得A-PRF。采用光学显微镜观察A-PRF的组织学结构;ELISA法检测A-PRF中生长因子,包括血小板衍生生长因子、转化生长因子-β、胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子的释放;采用活/死细胞双染法及MTT法检测A-PRF对兔BMSCs细胞毒性及增殖情况的影响;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测A-PRF对兔BMSCsⅡ型胶原蛋白、聚集蛋白聚糖、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和骨钙素(OCN)基因表达的影响;使用transwell小室测定A-PRF对于兔BMSCs以及软骨细胞迁移能力的影响。建立兔膝关节骨软骨缺损模型,将18只兔随机分为3组:A-PRF组(n=6)在缺损处植入A-PRF;A-PRF+BMSCs组(n=6)植入接种兔BMSCs的A-PRF;对照组(n=6)不进行植入操作。术后12周处死兔,采用苏木精-伊红(H-E)、甲苯胺蓝和番红O-固绿染色进行膝关节标本的组织学观察,并根据膝关节的表面形态学与组织学情况,采用国际软骨修复协会(International Cartilage Repair Society,ICRS)评分系统进行宏观与组织学评分。结果·A-PRF具有松散的网络结构,可以缓慢释放生长因子。加入A-PRF后,未观察到其对兔BMSCs具有细胞毒性;在加入A-PRF后24、48和72 h,BMSCs的增殖能力均明显升高(均P<0.05),成软骨相关基因Ⅱ型胶原蛋白、聚集蛋白聚糖,以及成骨相关基因ALP和OCN均显著上调(均P<0.05)。加入A-PRF后,兔BMSCs与软骨细胞的迁移能力均显著增强(均P<0.05),且兔BMSCs的迁移能力显著高于软骨细胞(P=0.025)。在兔膝关节缺损模型中,观察关节表面形态,可见A-PRF组和A-PRF+BMSCs组缺损均基本恢复,而对照组仅有软组织覆盖。在ICRS宏观评分方面,A-PRF组与A-PRF+BMSCs组的差异无统计学意义,但2组评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。组织学观察显示,A-PRF组和A-PRF+BMSCs组均产生骨软骨修复,但A-PRF组软骨更加成熟,对照组则形成纤维修复。在ICRS组织学评分方面,A-PRF组与A-PRF+BMSCs组的差异无统计学意义,但2组评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论·自体A-PRF具有良好的生物相容性和促进BMSCs增殖的能力,在体外和体内均可促进软骨和软骨下骨的修复。

关键词：骨软骨损伤改良型富血小板纤维蛋白生长因子硬组织再生

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Impact of Ion Current on Total Electric Field Measurement Under HVDC Transmission Line

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高电压技术 2013年第10期39卷 2459-2464页

作者： CUI Yong YUAN Haiwen lu jiayu JU Yong LIU Yingyi School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China China Electrical Power Research Institute Beijing 100192 China

The total electric field(TEF) at ground level induced by high-voltage direct current(HVDC) overhead transmission lines is one of the important indexes for evaluating the lines' electromagnetic *** on analyzing the existing TEF sensors and the measurement principle of ion-current density,the influence from ions on TEF measurements is quantitively *** results show that the ions generated by the corona from a HVDC transmission line in operation cause errors in the measurement of *** error is determined through analyzing the component of total measuring current on the filed mill's sensing electrode: if no appropriate approach taken,the maximum measurement error reaches up to 4.3%.Furthermore,a method that can eliminate such error,and hence improve the accuracy of TEF sensors is designed.

关键词：高压直流输电线路离子电流电场测量架空输电线路测量误差电磁环境电流密度定量分析

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