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The design of a plasma generator used in ships

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第6期51卷 591-598页

作者： WANG XinZhang yang jiaxiang LAN Bo XU ZuoMing GAO Ying Electrical&Electronic Engineering College Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150040China School of Electrical Engineering&Automation Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China

The process and condition of arc starting and discharge and heat balance rela-tionship in a plasma generator that takes water as propellant are analyzed. Two questions that must be paid attention to arise, when designing the plasma gen-erator. Water resistance in a plasma generator should be as big as possible, and inductive reactance of electric source should be equal to capacity reactance of plasma generator so that resonance is generated in electric circuit, voltage be-tween two electrodes in the plasma generator reaches the highest value, and arc starting and discharge also occur between electrodes in the plasma generator. When energy that electric source supplies is greater than or equal to the energy required when water becomes plasma, a mixture of plasma and steam ejects from the generator outlet. So it is necessary that cavity between electrodes in the plasma generator should be as big as possible, time that water stays in the plasma gen-erator should be long enough so that water obtains enough energy from the electric source, but resistance of water becomes small and arc starting is not easy to occur. Through manufacturing and experimentes on four kinds of plasma generators as well as the contrast between experimental results, the plasma generator model is established and the plasma generator is manufactured.

关键词： used in ships plasma generator arc starting and discharge the heat balance

Efficiency Enhancement of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Using Ionic Liquid-functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles-modified ZnO as Electron Selective Layer

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Nano-Micro Letters 2014年第1期6卷 24-29页

作者： Feng Zhu Xiaohong Chen Zhe Lu jiaxiang yang Sumei Huang Zhuo Sun Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysicsEast China Normal University Department of Chemistry Anhui University

ZnO thin film was fabricated on tin-doped indium oxide electrode as an electron selective layer of inverted polymer solar cells using magnetron sputtering deposition. Ionic liquid-functionalized carbon nanoparticles(ILCNs) film was further deposited onto ZnO surfaces by drop-casting ILCNs solution to improve interface properties. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs)with only ZnO layer was quickly decreased from 2.7% to 2.2% when the thickness of ZnO layer was increased from 15 nm to 60 nm. However, the average PCE of inverted PSCs with ZnO layer modified with ILCNs only decreased from 3.5% to 3.4%, which is comparable to that of traditional PSCs with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) anode buffer layer. The results suggested that the contact barrier between ZnO layer and poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester(P3HT:PCBM)blended film compared to ZnO bulk resistance can more significantly influence the performance of inverted PSCs with sputtered ZnO layer. The vanishment of negative capacitive behavior of inverted PSCs with ILCNs modified ZnO layer indicated ILCNs can greatly decrease the contact barrier of ZnO/P3HT:PCBM interface.

关键词： Polymer Solar cell ZnO

Dynamic Characteristics of SF_6-N_2-CO_2 Gas Mixtures in DC Discharge Process

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第9期16卷 848-855页

作者： ZHENG Dianchun WANG Jia CHEN Chuntian ZHAO Dawei ZHANG Chunxi yang jiaxiang Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Ministry of EducationHarbin University of Science and Technology

Dynamic characteristics of discharge particles are described within the framework of a two-dimensional photoionization-hydrodynamic numerical model for the discharge process of SF6-N2-CO2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure, under a uniform DC applied field. The finite difference flux corrected transport （FD-FCT） algorithm is used in the numerical implementation for improving the accuracy and efficiency. Then the tempo-spatial distributions of the gap space electric field and electron velocity are calculated from the microscopic mechanism, and the dynamic behaviors of charged particles are obtained in detail. Meanwhile, the tempo-spatial critical point of the avalanche-to-streamer in this model is discovered, and several microscopic parameters are also investigated. The results showed that the entire gap discharge process can be divided into two phases of avalanche and streamer according to Raether-Meek criterion; the electron density within the discharge channel is lower compared to that of positive and negative ions; space charge effect is a dominant factor for the distortion of spatial electric field, making the discharge channel expand toward both electrodes faster; photoionization provides seed electrons for a secondary electron avalanche, promoting the formation and development speed of the streamer.

关键词： hydrodynamic model photoionization short gap streamer discharge ternarymixture

Synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical properties of two new metal-centered ferrocene complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第7期52卷 930-936页

作者： WANG XuChun WU JieYing ZHOU HongPing TIAN YuPeng LI Lin yang jiaxiang JIN BaoKang ZHANG ShengYi Department of Chemistry Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Function Inorganic Material ChemistryAnhui UniversityHefei 230039China Department of Chemistry Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Institute of Crystal Materials of Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Two new metal-centered ferrocene complexes Ni(SCN)2(L)4 (1) and Cu(OAc)2(L)2 (2) (L = 1-[1-ferrocenylmethyl]imidazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric measurements. The geometry of Ni(II) in 1 is octahedral, with four ligands in the equatorial plan and two thiocyanate anions at the axial site, while that of Cu(II) in 2 is a distorted octahedron formed by two chealted OAc? and two ligands. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that there is partial electron delocalization from ferrocene to imidazole in the two complexes. Electrochemical measurements exhibit that complexes 1 and 2 undergo similar reversible one electron redox processes, suggesting that the ferrocene moieties are equivalent and there are no interactions among them.

关键词： ferrocene imidazole complex crystal structure electrochemistry

Causes and Solutions in Construction of the Historical Conception of Senior High School Fine Art Students

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Review of Educational Theory 2020年第3期3卷 31-36页

作者： jiaxiang yang Gu Chen Lide Chaoyang Middle School of Nanchang NanchangJiangxi330022China Institute of Technology East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchangJiangxi330100China

Artistic specialty students are relatively special in high school education of our country,fine art students is one of *** article explains the reasons for the current problems to art students in the process of constructing the conception of history,combining with the actual conditions,it tentatively proposes corresponding solutions to promote the deepening development of the history teaching of art students and the construction of the conception of history,carry out the educational requirements of“strengthening moral education and cultivating people”in the teaching process.

关键词： Fine art students Historical conception History teaching

A new series of two-photon polymerization initiators:Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第12期52卷 2180-2185页

作者： GAN XiaoPing ZHOU HongPing SHI PengFei WANG Peng WU JieYing TIAN YuPeng yang jiaxiang XU GuiBao ZHOU YuFang JIANG MinHua Department of Chemistry Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui ProvinceHefei 230039China Department of Applied Chemistry School of ScienceAnhui Agriculture UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Four photopolymerization initiators with D-π-D (D,donor; π,conjugation system) structure have been synthesized by solvent-free reaction and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy,IR and elemental analysis. The one-photon and two-photon excited fluorescence have been investigated in different solvents. Experimental results of the one-photon and two-photon absorption cross sections show different trends in OPA and TPA ability with different substitution groups in donor units.

关键词： two-photon absorption micro-fabrication polymerization solvent-free

Crystal structures,two-photon absorption and theoretical calculation of a series of bis-vinylpyridine compounds synthesized by one-step solid state reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第5期54卷 730-736页

作者： LI DongMei ZHANG Qiong A.M.Showkot HOSSAIN SUN Mei WU JieYing yang jiaxiang ZHOU HongPing TAO LiMin WANG ChuanKui TIAN YuPeng Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province Department of Chemistry Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China Department of Physics Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100China State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210093China

Three bis-vinylpyridine compounds (4,4′-bis(2-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L1,4,4′-bis(3-vinylpyridine) biphenyl L2,and 4,4′-bis (4-vinylpyridine)biphenyl L3) were synthesized by one-step solid-state reactions at room temperature,giving nearly quantitative yields. The compounds obtained were fully characterized by IR,MS and NMR spectroscopies. The structures of L2 and L3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. No noticeable solvatochromism was observed in either one-photon absorption or one-photon excited fluorescence spectra. All of the compounds have high fluorescence quantum yields and long fluorescence lifetime. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the compounds were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Interestingly,the position of the nitrogen atom from pyridine influences their two-photon absorption across-sections.

关键词： two-photon absorption one-step solid-state reaction high quantum yield pyridine derivatives

Two novel terpyridine-based chromophores with donor-acceptor structural model containing modified triphenylamine moiety: Synthesis, crystal structures and two-photon absorption properties

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第9期56卷 1315-1324页

作者： LIU Jie ZHANG Qiong DING HongJuan ZHANG Jun TAN JingYun WANG ChuanKui WU JieYing LI ShengLi ZHOU HongPing yang jiaxiang TIAN YuPeng Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui ProvinceAnhui University Department of Physics Shandong Normal University State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University

Two novel terpyridine-based chromophores with D-A (D = donor, A = acceptor) structural model containing modified triphenylamine moiety (L1 and L2 ) have been conveniently synthesized via formylation and reduction in satisfactory yields, and fully characterized. The single crystals of them were obtained and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The relationships between structure and photophysical properties of the two chromophores were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The measured maximum TPA cross-sections per molecular weight (δmax /MW) of the chromophores are 0.63 GM/(g mol) (L1) and 0.72 GM/(g mol) (L2), respectively, in DMF as a high polar solvent. The results indicate that the value of δmax/MW could be well tuned by the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which could be realized by introducing additional elecron-donor/acceptor groups.

关键词： terpyridine derivatives photophysical properties structure-property relationships TD-DFT calculation two-photon-excited fluorescence

Synthesis,photophysical properties and TD-DFT calculation of four two-photon absorbing triphenylamine derivatives

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第1期56卷 106-116页

作者： KONG Lin yang jiaxiang ZHOU HongPing LI ShengLi HAO FuYing ZHANG Qiong TU YuLong WU JieYing XUE ZhaoMing TIAN YuPeng Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceAnhui University State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University

In this study,linear absorption,single-photon excited fluorescence,fluorescence quantum yields,fluorescence lifetime and two-photon excited fluorescence of a series of triphenylamine derivatives (L1,L2,L3 and L4) have been measured.L1 and L3 are D--A type dyes,while L2 and L4 are D--D--A type dyes (D=donor,A=acceptor).The investigated compounds consist of triphenylamine-bearing donor-substituted and/or systematically extended-conjugated length,which are designed to gain insight into the effect of the ethoxyl unit and-linkage length on the linear and nonlinear optical *** influence of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties was *** time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations,the structure-property relationships are discussed.

关键词： triphenylamine derivatives optical properties structure-property relationship TD-DFT calculation