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Effects of nuclear chimney on climate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第4期2卷 111-116页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, pan Yaru and Zhang QingchenAcademy of Meteorological Science State Meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china

In this paper, according to the data from several single nuclear explosion experiments of an equivalent to magnitude of million tons, and combined with meteorological data, their effects on the regional climate nave b... 详细信息

关键词： nuclear chimney nuclear explosion temperature change.

Derivation of sea surface current field from sequential satellite images of the East china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1998年第4期17卷 459-468页

作者： Liu Qingge, (Department of Science and Technology, State Oceanic administration, beijing 100860, china)pan Delu, pan Yuqiu, (Second institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic administration, Hangzhou 310012, china)Lutz Bannehr and Guenter Warnecke (Institu Department of Science and Technology State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100860 China Second institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China institute of Meteorology Free University of Berlin D-14159 Berlin Germany

A series of NOAA AVHRR data over the East china Sea were collected from the ground station of the Second institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, china. Three methods, including a functional analytic method (FAM), a maximum cross correlation (MCC)'method and a correlation relaxation (C - R) method, are applied to derive the sea surface current field from sequential satellite images in the area of the East china Sea. Several preprocessing steps, such as geometric correction, SST determination, image projection, image navigation and grey value normalization as well as land and cloud mask are performed. The results from the three methods reflect the general current system in this area reasonably.

关键词： Sea surface current field sequential satellite images East china Sea

Influences of greenhouse effect on agricultural production in china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第4期2卷 3-10页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, pan Yaru and Zhao Zongci Academy of Meteorological Science,State Meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china

An obvious warming in china induced by doubled carbon, dioxide as simulated by the climatic models have been found. It is also noticed that there might be drying or wetting in some parts of china induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs). Agricultural productivity mainly depends on the temperature, rainfall and soil moisture in china. The changes of agricultural productivity in the different parts of china induced by doubled CO2 have been estimated in this paper. It is shown that the greenhouse effect might cause increasing production in some parts of china and decreasing production in other parts of china.

关键词： greenhouse effect agricultural productivity doubled CO2 GCMs climatic productivity force.

Climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2 & pan FeiFei3 1 National Meteorological Center,beijing 100081,china 2 Qinghai Meteorological Research institute,Xining 810001,china 3 Department of Geography,University of North Texas,Denton,TX 76203,USA 1. National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China2. Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute Xining 810001 China3. Department of Geography University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA

Climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2007,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982 to 2006,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2007 at rates of 0.24°C/10 yr,2.32 mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.30°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.38 mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2 h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982 to 2006 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2006 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

A modified stochastic finite-fault method for estimating strong ground motion:Validation and application

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earthquake Science 2024年第1期37卷 36-50页

作者： Xinjuan He Hua pan institute of geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

We developed a modified stochastic finite-fault method for estimating strong ground *** adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency was introduced,which accounted for the effect of the location of the subfault relative to the hypocenter and rupture propagation direction,to account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction on the subfault dynamic corner *** comparing the peak ground acceleration(PGA),pseudo-absolute response spectra acceleration(PSA,damping ratio of 5%),and duration,the results of the modified and existing methods were compared,demonstrating that our proposed adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency can accurately reflect the rupture directivity *** applied our modified method to simulate near-field strong motions within 150 km of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake *** modified method performed well over a broad period range,particularly at 0.04-4 *** total deviations of the stochastic finite-fault method(EXSIM)and the modified EXSIM were 0.1676 and 0.1494,*** modified method can effectively account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction and provide more realistic ground motion estimations for earthquake disaster mitigation.

关键词： stochastic finite-fault method dynamic corner frequency Wenchuan earthquake rupture propagation direction

Lithospheric strength of the Anatolian plateau and implications for strong earthquake activity in Turkey

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 209-218页

作者： Yuhang pan Shi Chen Wen Shi institute of geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China beijing Baijiatuan Earth Science National Observation and Research Station Beijing 100095China

On February 6, 2023, the doublet earthquake including two main shocks with magnitudes M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5, occurred near the western side of the East Anatolian Fault at the southeast boundary of the Anatolian Plateau in Turkey. Based on the WGM2012 Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the Etopo1topography data, this study first introduced a joint inversion of admittance and coherence functions and used the Bayesian optimal parameter estimation method to obtain the effective elastic thickness Teand loading ratio F of the lithosphere for various tectonic units in the Anatolian Plateau. Secondly, we discussed the characteristics and influencing factors of the lithospheric mechanical strength and analyzed its relationship with seismic activity. The lithospheric mechanical strength of the Anatolian Plateau showed clear lateral heterogeneity and a "weak-strong-weak" spatial pattern from east to west,reflecting various tectonic processes. At last, the strong seismic activity was found where the lithospheric strength was low in the Anatolian Plate. We also incorporated GPS strain rate and other results to investigate the tectonic background and primary causes of the M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5 doublet earthquakes in Turkey. The results have a good insight into urban safety design in the Turkish region, including postdisaster rehabilitation, earthquake hazard assessment, and loss reduction.

关键词： Effective elastic thickness Anatolian plateau Turkey doublet earthquakes Bayesian optimization

Significant contribution of carbonyls to atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)during the winter haze pollution over North china Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 377-388页

作者： Xue Yang Gen Zhang Guang pan Guolan Fan Houyong Zhang Xuan Ge Mingyue Du School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJi’nan 250101China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of china Meteorological administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Ji’nan 250101China

Atmospheric carbonyl compounds play significant roles in the cycling of radicals and have exhibited surprisingly high levels in winter that were well correlated to particulate matter,for which the reason have not been clearly *** we measured carbonyl compounds and other trace gasses together with PM_(2.5)over urban Jinan in North china Plain during the *** higher carbonyl concentrations(average:14.63±4.21 ppbv)were found during wintertime haze pollution,about one to three-times relative to those on nonhaze days,with slight difference in chemical composition except formaldehyde(HCHO).HCHO(3.68 ppbv),acetone(3.17 ppbv),and acetaldehyde(CH_3CHO)(2.83 ppbv)were the three most abundant species,accounting for~75% of the total carbonylson both haze and non-haze *** from observational-based model(OBM)with atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)indicated that AOC significantly increased with the increasing carbonyls during the winter haze *** photolysis have supplied key oxidants such as RO_(2) and HO_(2),and thereby enhancing the formation of fine particles and secondary organic aerosols,elucidating the observed haze-carbonyls *** variation with carbonyls exhibiting peak values at early-noon and night highlighted the combined contribution of both secondary formation and primary diesel-fuel sources.1-butene was further confirmed to be the major precursor for *** study confirms the great contribution of carbonyls to AOC,and also suggests that reducing the emissions of carbonyls would be an effective way to mitigate haze pollution in urban area of the NCP region.

关键词： Carbonyls Haze Observation-based model Source apportionment Atmospheric oxidation capacity

Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 27-34页

作者： CHEN Zhenghua pan Delu BAI Yan School of the Environment Gangxi University Nanning 530004 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing Ministry of Environmental Protection Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing *** this paper,a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made,mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS *** spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique ***,human activities,hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and ***,from 4 aspects of human stress,physical,chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress,several indicators such as water transparency（Secchi Disk Depth,SDD）,suspended substance concentration,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,active phosphate,chlorophyll,harmful algae bloom,as well as distribution of sewage,sea lanes and port were ***,the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation,and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria,similar coastal ecosystem health research in other places or data inherent *** results indicated that from 2005 to 2007 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention.

关键词： coastal water zone ecosystem health indicator remote sensing GIS

L-type calcium channel blockers enhance 5-HTP-induced antinociception in mice

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第5期25卷 102-108页

作者： Jian-hui LIANG1, Jun-xu LI, Xu-hua WANG, Bi CHEN, Ying LU, pan ZHANG, Rong HAN, Xiang-feng YEDepartment of Neuropharmacology, National institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, beijing 100083, china Department of Neuropharmacology National Institute on Drug Dependence Peking University Beijing 100083 China

AIM: To investigate the involvement of L-type Ca2+ channels in antinociceptive action induced by the 5-HT precursor,5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). METHODS: Female Kunming mice were treated with either 5-HTP (20-80 mg/kg,ip) alone, or the combination of 5-HTP and fluoxetine (2-8 mg/kg, ip), pargyline (15-60 mg/kg, ip), nimodipine (2.5-10 mg/kg, ip), nifedipine (2.5-10 mg/kg, ip), verapamil (2.5-10 mg/kg, ip), CaCl2 (5-20 mmol/L, icv), or EGTA(0.5-3 mmol/L, icv) prior to the hot-plate test (55 C, hind-paw licking latency). In addition, locomotor activity inmice treated with 5-HTP alone was measured using an ambulometer with five activity boxes. RESULTS: Ipinjection of 5-HTP alone had no influence on the spontaneous locomotor activity, whereas dose-dependently in-creased the latency to licking hind-paw in the hot-plate test in mice. The inhibitory effects of 5-HTP on nociceptiveresponse were significantly enhanced by fluoxetine in the mouse hot-plate test. At a sub-effective dose, pargylinecould cause a leftward shift in the dose-response curve of 5-HTP-induced antinociception. Co-administration with5-HTP and nimodipine, nifedipine, or verapamil obviously potentiated the antinociceptive effects elicited by ***, 5-HTP-induced antinociception was antagonized by CaCl2 and enhanced by EGTA injected icv in themouse hot-plate test. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that systemic administration of 5-HTP may yield theantinociceptive effects, which are related to Ca2+ influx from extracellular fluid through L-type Ca2+ channels.

关键词： serotonin 5-hydroxytryptophan fluoxetine pargyline calcium channel blockers pain measure-ment