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Effect of biochar application on rice,wheat,and corn seedlings in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 379-390页

作者： Yingjie Yin Jikai Li Sihang Zhu Qing Chen Chong Chen Yukui Rui jianying shang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Agricultural Management Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 102208China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationBeijing 100193China

In recent years,biochar has attracted considerable attention for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration due to its unique physicochemical ***,the mechanism by which biochar application negatively affects the growth of crop seedlings has not been fully *** this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of rice,wheat,and corn seedlings to biochar application(CK,0 g/L;BC1,0.5 g/L;and BC2,1.0 g/L).Compared with the CK treatment,the BC1 and BC2 treatments decreased the fresh shoot and root weights of rice and corn seedlings(P0.05).For the contents of nutrient elements in seedlings,both BC1 and BC2 treatments hindered the roots from absorbing Fe and Cu and increased the uptake of Ca and *** with the CK treatment,the translocation factor(TF)values of Ca,Mn,and Zn were significantly decreased especially in rice seedlings(35.3%-36.8%,68.7%-76.5%,and 29.8%-22.0%,respectively)under the BC1 and BC2 treatments,while only Mn was significantly decreased in wheat and corn seedlings(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis of root cross-sections showed that nano-sized biochar particles(10~23 nm)were found in the root cells under BC2 treatment *** findings reveal that a large amount of biochar application can reduce nutrient absorption and translocation,and hinder rice,wheat,and corn seedlings,particularly rice seedling,in hydroponic system.

关键词： Biochar Toxicity Seedling growth Hydroponic cultivation

Effects of low molecular weight organic acids on aggregation behavior of biochar colloids at acid and neutral conditions

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 852-863页

作者： Yang Wang Changxi Wang Jiayi Xiong Qianru Zhang jianying shang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China)Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),as active components in the rhizosphere carbon cycling,may influence the environmental behaviors of biochar *** study selected the pine-wood and wheat-straw biochars(PB and WB)as two typical *** effects of typical LMWOAs(oxalic acid,citric acid,and malic acid)on aggregation kinetics of PB and WB colloids were investigated under pH 4 and 6 *** coagulation concentrations(CCCs)of both PB and WB colloids were decreased with the LMWOAs regardless of the types of biochar and the solution pH,and the most significant effect occurred in pH 4 due to more LMWOAs sorption on the biochar *** different types of LMWOAs caused various CCCs *** example,the CCC values of PB colloids decreased from 75 mM to 56,52,and 47 mM in the pH 4 NaCl solutions when 1 mM oxalic acid,citric acid,and malic acid were present in the suspensions,*** chemical structure(functional groups)and molecular weight of LMWOAs,solution pH,and the electrophoretic mobility(EPM)of biochar co-influence the interactions between biochar colloids and LMWOAs,thus affecting the stability of biochar colloids in the presence of *** presence of LMWOAs accelerated the aggregation of colloidal biochar by increasing the interaction of surface bridging bonds(hydrogen bonding)and decreasing the repulsive force between colloidal biochar *** study showed that LMWOAs could accelerate the aggregation of biochar colloids in acidic or neutral environments and reduce the mobility of biochar colloids in soil rhizosphere.

关键词： Biochar colloids Aggregation kinetics Low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs) Critical coagulation concentrations(CCCs)

Salt-affected marginal lands:a solution for biochar production

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 381-390页

作者： Yang Wang Qimei Lin Zhongzhen Liu Kesi Liu Xiang Wang jianying shang Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong 510640China Department of Land Use and Engineering College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Grassland Science College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The literature has shown that biochar can serve as potential amendment to achieve sustainable agriculture and *** accessibility and availability of cheap feedstock are considered as important constraint factors for the widespread application of biochar in *** lands are widely distributed globally,several times larger than arable land,and hold little value for food production due to poor soil ***,these lands are suitable for growing plants,which can be used as feedstock for biochar *** salt-affected lands,as one of the main marginal lands,are particularly suitable for cultivating diverse varieties of halophytes that can be pyrolyzed into biochar,bio-gas,and *** halophyte-derived biochar is useful to produce a desirable acid soil conditioner due to its high ash and rich bases,and improves soil characteristics under extreme saline ***,syngas and bio-oil hold potential benefits as fuels and industrial raw *** study introduces an innovative management technique for marginal lands such as salt-affected land,which can provide all-round benefits in food production,land management,vegetation coverage,carbon sequestration,and climate change mitigation.

关键词： Marginal lands Salt-affected soils Halophytes Biochar Soil amendment

Short-term biochar effect on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties of a degraded alpine grassland

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 426-437页

作者： Jinsheng LI Xinqing SHAO Ding HUANG Kesi LIU jianying shang Qian ZHANG Tianci ZHAO Xiaomeng YANG College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China) National Field Station of Grassland Ecosystem at Guyuan Hebei 076550(China) Department of Water and soil Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China)

Soil remediation is an important part of the restoration process of degraded terrestrial *** to its unique properties,biochar is being used widely as an effective soil modifier in agricultural systems,but research is still rare on biochar application in grassland ecosystems,especially in degraded alpine *** this study,we conducted a plot experiment to investigate the effect of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms at the 0–20 cm soil depth of a degraded alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,*** experiment consisted of four corn straw biochar application levels(0%,0.5%,1%and 2%,with the percentage representing the ratio of biochar weight to the dry weight of soil in the surface 20 cm soil layer).When the biochar addition increased from 0%to 2%,total nitrogen,total organic carbon and available phosphorus in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased by 41%,55%and 45%,respectively,in the second year after biochar ***,soil electrical conductivity decreased,and soil water content *** microbial,fungal and bacterial biomasses in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased from 9.15 to 12.68,0.91 to 1.34,and 3.85 to 4.55μg g^(-1),*** relative biomasses of saprophytic fungi and methanotrophic bacteria decreased,while the relative biomasses of ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi *** results indicate that biochar has a great potential in improving microbial activity and soil fertility in soil remediation of the degraded alpine grassland.

关键词： bacteria fungi microbial community phosphatase soil fertility soil modifier soil remediation urease

根系分泌物典型组分对生物炭胶体稳定性和迁移能力的影响

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土壤学报 2023年第3期60卷 824-834页

作者：潘岳张雨王洋商建英中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院北京100193 教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室北京100193 农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室北京100193

根系分泌物是可溶性有机质的主要来源,能够在一定程度上影响胶体在多孔介质中的稳定性和迁移行为。随着生物炭的广泛应用,探究土壤中的根系分泌物对生物炭胶体在地下环境中稳定性和迁移能力的影响非常重要。通过室内聚集和迁移实验探究... 详细信息

根系分泌物是可溶性有机质的主要来源,能够在一定程度上影响胶体在多孔介质中的稳定性和迁移行为。随着生物炭的广泛应用,探究土壤中的根系分泌物对生物炭胶体在地下环境中稳定性和迁移能力的影响非常重要。通过室内聚集和迁移实验探究了根系分泌物的典型组分半乳糖(Gal)、赖氨酸(Lys)以及乙酸(AcOH)对小麦生物炭(WB)和松树木屑生物炭(PB)胶体的稳定性和迁移特性的影响。结果表明:典型根系分泌物组分浓度高低对生物炭颗粒ζ电势具有一定的影响。半乳糖和赖氨酸浓度较低时,其对生物炭胶体聚集和迁移影响较小,难以对生物炭的环境行为造成显著影响;但是乙酸可以明显降低生物炭胶体在NaCl溶液中的稳定性,抑制生物炭胶体在多孔介质中的迁移能力。这可能是因为乙酸中有机酸阴离子容易与生物炭表面含氧官能团形成氢键,增加了生物炭对乙酸的吸附,降低了生物炭胶体的稳定性。

关键词：生物炭胶体根系分泌物胶体稳定性胶体迁移能力

腐殖酸-高岭石胶体对铀(Ⅵ)在饱和多孔介质中迁移过程的影响

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水土保持学报 2018年第6期32卷 286-293页

作者：赵康陈冲商建英中国农业大学资源与环境科学学院北京100193 农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室北京100193 教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室北京100193

为探讨可溶性有机质存在条件下黏土矿物胶体对铀(Ⅵ)在饱和多孔介质中迁移的影响,选取2种石英砂(细砂和粗砂)分别构建均质构型的石英砂柱,研究了饱和水流条件下腐殖酸存在时高岭石胶体对铀在2种不同粒径石英砂中迁移的影响。结果表明,... 详细信息

为探讨可溶性有机质存在条件下黏土矿物胶体对铀(Ⅵ)在饱和多孔介质中迁移的影响,选取2种石英砂(细砂和粗砂)分别构建均质构型的石英砂柱,研究了饱和水流条件下腐殖酸存在时高岭石胶体对铀在2种不同粒径石英砂中迁移的影响。结果表明,示踪溶质在2种均质石英砂柱中的穿透曲线相似且分布对称。当在石英砂柱中只通入铀(Ⅵ)溶液时,铀(Ⅵ)在2种粒径石英砂柱中的穿透量均较小(<25%),此时大量的铀(Ⅵ)通过络合作用吸附在石英砂表面上。当通入溶液中存在腐殖酸和高岭石胶体时,铀(Ⅵ)在2种石英砂柱中的穿透量增加,且在600～850μm石英砂中(58.36%)比250～425μm石英砂中(42.68%)穿透量更多。这充分表明腐殖酸—高岭石胶体和石英砂粒径是影响铀(Ⅵ)在地下环境中迁移的重要因素。

关键词：穿透曲线介质粒径高岭石胶体腐殖酸铀

A<i>β</i>-Like Peptide Displayed on Bacteriophage T7 Catalyzes Chromate and Uranyl Reduction

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 857-868页

作者： Hongjun Jin Chiann-Tso Lin jianying shang Michael J. Wilkins Yingbin Liu Wei Gong Weiping Xu Thomas C. Squier Philip E. Long 1Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland USA 2Department of Radi-ological Science Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis USA Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland USA Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

In order to discover genes capable of catalyzing the reductive immobilization of toxic chromate and uranyl ions, we have created a T7 bacteriophage library containing cDNA from environmental microbes (i.e., Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1) that are known to mediate the reduction of chromate and uranyl ions. After three rounds of screening, ten bacteriophage mutants were found to mediate the NADH-dependent reduction of chromate and uranyl ions whose cDNA encodes polypeptide chains ranging 14 to 73 amino acids in length. All identified sequences contain disordered structural motifs similar to the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) known to promote aggregation and formation of high-affinity metal binding sites. Confirmation of this structural similarity involved phage display of the 42 amino-acid Aβ-peptides that have been found to catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of both chromate and uranyl ions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements confirm that reduced uranium is present on the surface of bacteriophage expressing the Aβ-peptide. The surface-displayed Aβ-like peptide on bacteriophage has the potential to couple naturally occurring electron transfer shuttles present in soils to promote economically viable remediation of contaminated sites containing toxic chromate and uranyl ions.

关键词： Chromate Uranyl Bioremediation Bacteriophage

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英国护理见闻

基层医学论坛 2015年第1期19卷 134-135页

作者：尚建英绵阳市中心医院四川绵阳621000

通过在英国的参观学习与交流,对英国的护理理念、护理教育、护理领域的拓展有了初步了解。英国的护理理念以6Cs为根本指导思想;护理教育以多学科联合教学、仿真模拟情景训练为特色;疾病谱向慢性病发展,护理工作向慢性病管理、社区护理... 详细信息

通过在英国的参观学习与交流,对英国的护理理念、护理教育、护理领域的拓展有了初步了解。英国的护理理念以6Cs为根本指导思想;护理教育以多学科联合教学、仿真模拟情景训练为特色;疾病谱向慢性病发展,护理工作向慢性病管理、社区护理、健康教育拓展。

关键词：英国护理理念护理教育护理领域拓展

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镉砷复合污染土壤钝化材料研究进展

土壤学报 2021年第4期58卷 837-850页

作者：李英商建英黄益宗王农中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院北京100193 教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室北京100193 农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室北京100193 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所天津300191

我国土壤重金属污染严重,尤以镉砷污染最为突出。镉砷复合污染土壤中各元素间表现为拮抗和协同等作用,其有效态含量受土壤pH变化和氧化还原电位等的影响,增加了镉砷复合污染土壤的修复难度,严重威胁我国粮食安全。综述了常见的镉砷复合... 详细信息

我国土壤重金属污染严重,尤以镉砷污染最为突出。镉砷复合污染土壤中各元素间表现为拮抗和协同等作用,其有效态含量受土壤pH变化和氧化还原电位等的影响,增加了镉砷复合污染土壤的修复难度,严重威胁我国粮食安全。综述了常见的镉砷复合污染土壤钝化修复材料的优缺点及其对镉砷复合污染土壤钝化修复效果和机理。常见的钝化材料有生物质炭类、磷酸盐类、金属及其氧化物类、含硅类材料、黏土矿物类、有机肥类和新型材料等。有大量研究表明生物质炭材料对镉有良好的吸附效果,为了同时钝化镉砷,通常使用改性生物质炭或与其他材料配合施用,常见的改性/配施材料有金属及其氧化物、黏土矿物、家禽粪便、复合肥等,其钝化反应机制包括离子交换、共沉淀和表面络合等;磷酸盐类主要与铁盐或铁粉配施,通过吸附和同晶替代钝化镉、点位竞争机制钝化砷;金属及其氧化物类多与生物质炭、石灰和黏土矿物等配施,通过专性吸附和共沉淀钝化镉、氧化还原和络合作用等钝化砷;铁硅肥、硅钙肥、硅钾肥等通过共沉淀钝化镉、专性吸附和点位竞争机制钝化砷;黏土矿物中多施用海泡石,主要与金属氧化物和钙镁磷肥等配施,通过离子交换、沉淀和络合反应钝化镉砷;污泥和动物粪便中含有腐殖化程度较高的有机质,主要通过吸附、氧化还原和有机络合以及微生物作用钝化镉砷;此外,富含巯基和氨基、谷聚多以及富含硫和硒的物质也可有效钝化镉砷。本文对镉砷复合污染土壤钝化修复材料进行总结,归纳了镉砷钝化材料特性,以期为镉砷复合污染土壤修复提供一定的指导。

关键词：重金属复合污染钝化材料钝化机制