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Integrative ecology in the era of big data——From observation to prediction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第10期63卷 1429-1442页

作者： Shuli NIU Song WANG Jinsong WANG jianyang xia Guirui YU Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China East China Normal University School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceShanghai 200241China

Most ecological and environmental issues faced by human society can only be solved at the ecosystem,watershed,regional and even global scale.Thus,ecological research is developing rapidly towards macro-scale studies.With the rapid development of observational networks and information technology,the spaceborne-aircraft-ground based observation system is becoming an important feature of ecosystem monitoring in the new era.With the gradual formation of the global new-generation observational systems and the rapid expansion of massive multi-source heterogeneous data,ecology has entered the era of big data,big science,and big theory.How to integrate ecological big data,discover valuable ecological laws and mechanisms,and further expand them to solve eco-environmental issues that closely relate to human development are the major opportunities and challenges in this field.In this paper,we systematically summarized the research progresses in ecological big data,reviewed the opportunity and demand of integrative ecology,and further discussed the main approaches of ecological big data integration by using meta-analysis,data mining,and data-model fusion.Finally,we proposed the prospects and research directions of integrative ecology and suggested that future researches need to integrate big data into land models so as to improve the accuracy of ecological forecasting.It can be foreseen that under the background of global change and the rapid development of big data in the future,integrative ecology will be extensively applied and developed to serve the sustainable development of human society.

关键词： Integrative ecology Meta-analysis Data mining Data-model fusion

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Global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 437-447页

作者： Junyi Liang jianyang xia Lingli Liu Shiqiang Wan State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesXiangshanBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences YuquanluBeijing 100049China State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 475004China

Aims The balance between leaf photosynthesis and respiration of terrestrial plants determines the net carbon(C)gain by vegetation and consequently is important to climate–C cycle feedback.This study is to reveal the global patterns of the responses of leaf-level net photosynthesis and dark respiration to elevated temperature.Methods Data for leaf-level net photosynthesis rate(P_(n))and dark respiration rate(R_(d))in natural terrestrial plant species with standard deviation(or standard error or confidence interval)and sample size were collected from searched literatures on Web of Science.Then a metaanalysis was conducted to estimate the effects of experimental warming on leaf-level P_(n) and R_(d) of terrestrial plants.Important findings Across all the plants included in the analysis,warming enhanced P_(n) and R_(d) significantly by 6.13 and 33.14%,respectively.However,the responses were plant functional type(PFT)specific.Specifically,photosynthesis of C_(4) herbs responded to experimental warming positively but that of C_(3) herbs did not,whereas their respiratory responses were similar,suggesting C_(4) plants would benefit more from warming.The photosynthetic response declined linearly with increasing ambient temperature.The respiratory responses linearly enhanced with the increase in warming magnitude.In addition,a thermal acclimation of R_(d),instead of P_(n),was observed.Although greater proportion of fixed C was consumed(greater R_(d)/P_(n) ratio),warming significantly enhanced the daily net C balance at the leaf level.This provides an important mechanism for the positive responses of plant biomass and net primary productivity to warming.Overall,the findings,including the contrastive responses of different PFTs and the enhancement in daily leaf net C balance,are important for improving model projection of the climate–C cycle feedback.

关键词： acclimation meta-analysis plant functional type photosynthesis respiration

Effects of mowing and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in three patches in an oldfield grassland in Inner Mongolia

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第2期5卷 219-228页

作者： Yi Han Zhe Zhang Changhui Wang Fenghe Jiang jianyang xia State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesXiangshanBeijing 100093China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences YuquanluBeijing 100049China Grassland Management Station of Duolun County Duolun 027300Inner MongoliaChina

Aims Vegetation type is important in determining variations in soil carbon(C)efflux under grassland managements.This study was conducted to examine the effects of mowing and nitrogen(N)addition on soil respiration and their dependences upon vegetation types in an oldfield grassland of northern China.Methods Soil respiration,temperature,moisture and aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)and belowground net primary productivity(BNPP)were examined in response to mowing and N addition among the three patches dominated by different species(named as grass,forb and mixed patches,respectively)in the growing seasons(May–October)from 2006 to 2008.Important Findings Across the 3 years,soil respiration in the grass patch was greater than those in the forb and mixed patches,which could have been ascribed to the higher soil moisture(SM)in the grass patch.Mowing had no impact on soil respiration due to unaltered SM and plant growth.Soil respiration was stimulated by 6.53%under N addition,and the enhancement was statistically significant in 2006 but not in 2007 or 2008 because of the limited water availability in the later 2 years.There were no interactive effects between mowing and N addition on soil respiration.Soil respiration showed positive dependence upon SM,ANPP and BNPP across plots.The results suggest that soil water availability and plant growth could be the primary factors in controlling the temporal and spatial variations in soil respiration and its response to different treatments.Our observations indicate that grassland managements(i.***.mowing for hay once a year)may have little influence on soil respiration of the oldfield grassland in northern China.

关键词： mowing nitrogen addition patch semiarid grassland soil C flux soil water availability

A traceability analysis system for model evaluation on land carbon dynamics: design and applications

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 170-183页

作者： Jian Zhou jianyang xia Ning Wei Yufu Liu Chenyu Bian Yuqi Bai Yiqi Luo Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-RestorationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China. Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China. Joint Center for Global Change Studies(JCGCS) Beijing 100084China. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA.

Background:An increasing number of ecological processes have been incorporated into Earth system models.However,model evaluations usually lag behind the fast development of models,leading to a pervasive simulation uncertainty in key ecological processes,especially the terrestrial carbon(C)cycle.Traceability analysis provides a theoretical basis for tracking and quantifying the structural uncertainty of simulated C storage in models.Thus,a new tool of model evaluation based on the traceability analysis is urgently needed to efficiently diagnose the sources of inter-model variations on the terrestrial C cycle in Earth system models.Methods:A new cloud-based model evaluation platform,i.e.,the online traceability analysis system for model evaluation(TraceME v1.0),was established.The TraceME was applied to analyze the uncertainties of seven models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).Results:The TraceME can effectively diagnose the key sources of different land C dynamics among CMIIP6 models.For example,the analyses based on TraceME showed that the estimation of global land C storage varied about 2.4 folds across the seven CMIP6 models.Among all models,IPSL-CM6A-LR simulated the lowest land C storage,which mainly resulted from its shortest baseline C residence time.Over the historical period of 1850–2014,gross primary productivity and baseline C residence time were the major uncertainty contributors to the inter-model variation in ecosystem C storage in most land grid cells.Conclusion:TraceME can facilitate model evaluation by identifying sources of model uncertainty and provides a new tool for the next generation of model evaluation.

关键词： CMIP6 land carbon cycle model evaluation traceability analysis uncertainty

Relative contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to the spatial variation of litter stock in a mature subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 769-780页

作者： Jing Wang Qingsong Yang Yang Qiao Deli Zhai Lifen Jiang Guopeng Liang xiaoying Sun Ning Wei Xihua Wang jianyang xia Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station&Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-RestorationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Research Center for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona UniversityArizonaFlagstaffAZ 86011USA

Aims Dead plant material(i.***.litter)is the major source of soil organic matter and thus plays a fundamental role in regulating soil carbon cycling in global forest ecosystems.The storage of litter is jointly determined by its production from plants and decomposition in a given environment.However,only few studies have explored the relative importance of en-vironmental(i.***.abiotic)and plant(i.***.biotic)factors in driving the spa-tial variation of litter mass.The objective of this study is to quantify the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic factors in affecting the spatial variation of aboveground litter stock in a mature subtropical forest.Methods The aboveground litter mass was sampled in 187 grids of a 20-hm forest dynamics plot in a subtropical broad-leave forest in eastern China.The contributions of environmental variables,topographical and species variables on litter stocks were quantified by the boosted regression tree analysis.Important Findings The mean aboveground litter stock was 367.5 g m^(−2) in the Tiantong dynamics forest plot across all the 187 grids.The litter stock ranged from 109.2 to 831.3 g m^(−2) and showed a large spatial variation with the coefficient of variance as 40.8%.The boosted regression tree analysis showed that slope elevation and soil moisture were the most influential variables on the spatial variation of litter stock.The relatively influence of abiotic factors(environmental and topographical factors)was 71.4%,which is larger than biotic factors(28.6%).Overall,these findings sug-gest that abiotic factors play a more important role than plants in driving the spatial variation of aboveground litter stock in the subtropical forest.Given that the global carbon-cycle models have been aiming to refine from the hundred kilometers to sub-kilometer scale,this study highlights the urgency of a better understanding of the spatial variation of litter stock on the fine scale.

关键词： litter stock spatial variability subtropical forest topography

Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 376-394页

作者： xiaodan Zhang Huiping Xu Lu Gong Jiao Wang jianyang Fu Zengpeng Lv Liangjuan Zhou Xuejun Li Qiong Liu Pingyu xia Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet(metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the ileum(P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), such as acetic acid(P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers(P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1(CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d,downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers(P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum, suppressing intestina

关键词： Broiler Low-energy diet Mannanase Intestinal inflammatory response Intestinal microbiota Metagenome

Response to Smith’s comment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 335-335页

作者： Junyi Liang jianyang xia Lingli Liu Shiqiang Wan State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHenan University1 Jinming AvenueKaifengHenan 475004China

A commentary on our recent article on Journal of Plant Ecology(Liang et al.2013)by Smith(2014)argues that it is not appro-priate to lump data from different experiments together to demonstrate the thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration.We agree that many factors,as listed by Smith(2014),would impact the responses of leaf carbon exchanges to warming and the consequent thermal acclimation.Although not all factors were included,we discussed in the article that light and vapor pressure deficit(VPD)could have affected our conclusions(Liang et al.2013).The“acclimation”in our paper did not exactly accord with the physiological definition(Atkin and Tjoelker 2003;Smith and Dukes 2013).It is hard to make the environ-mental factors as well as warming magnitude coherent in a syn-thesis study because the data were from different experiments.Therefore,the“acclimation”in our meta-analysis was more like an apparent one rather than the physiologically intrinsic one as defined by Atkin et al.

关键词： al. warming listed

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陆地碳循环的动态非平衡假说

生物多样性 2020年第11期28卷 1405-1416页

作者：骆亦其夏建阳 Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA 86011 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院上海200241

生态系统维持物质与能量的动态平衡是地球系统孕育与维持生物多样性的重要基础。自工业革命以来,人类活动导致陆地生态系统的碳循环转变为动态非平衡,进而使陆地生态系统的结构与功能出现许多难以预测的变化动态。本文阐释了陆地生态系... 详细信息

生态系统维持物质与能量的动态平衡是地球系统孕育与维持生物多样性的重要基础。自工业革命以来,人类活动导致陆地生态系统的碳循环转变为动态非平衡,进而使陆地生态系统的结构与功能出现许多难以预测的变化动态。本文阐释了陆地生态系统碳循环的动态非平衡假说。该假说构建于陆地碳循环内部过程的四点基本特征和五类外部驱动因素。基于这些内部特征与外部因素,本文归纳了陆地生态系统碳循环动态非平衡在不同时间与空间尺度的表达现象,并从观测、实验与模型的角度讨论了其检测方法。陆地生态系统碳循环的动态非平衡假说不仅有助于我们理解复杂的陆地碳循环现象,也为预测未来陆地碳汇动态提供了新的理论框架。

关键词：碳循环生态系统生产力土壤呼吸模型气候变化环境干扰

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森林树木死亡的判定方法及其应用综述

科学通报 2019年第23期64卷 2395-2409页

作者：鲁芮伶杜莹晏黎明夏建阳华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站上海200241 华东师范大学全球变化与生态预测研究中心上海200241

森林覆盖了地球陆地面积的30%左右,约占全球陆地生态系统碳储存总量的45%.因此,森林植被的生长与死亡动态对全球物质循环与能量流动具有重要的调控作用.近年来,气候变化与其他干扰因子的耦合作用加剧了树木死亡和森林衰退,对森林生态系... 详细信息

森林覆盖了地球陆地面积的30%左右,约占全球陆地生态系统碳储存总量的45%.因此,森林植被的生长与死亡动态对全球物质循环与能量流动具有重要的调控作用.近年来,气候变化与其他干扰因子的耦合作用加剧了树木死亡和森林衰退,对森林生态系统造成了多方面的影响.目前,从个体、生态系统、区域到全球等不同尺度进行控制实验、长期监测以及计算机建模是研究树木死亡的主要手段.然而,几乎所有对树木死亡的研究都涉及一个基本问题,即如何判定树木是否死亡.考虑到树木死亡的复杂性、特殊性以及调控机理的跨学科性,目前仍未形成对树木死亡的统一定义和判定标准.本文旨在整合表观诊断、遥感监测与模型模拟等研究中采用的树木死亡判定方法,并归纳总结各类方法的优缺点,以期为未来开展树木死亡的观测与预测研究提供参考.

关键词：树木死亡森林消失判断方法水力失衡碳饥饿气候变化

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