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Resilience-oriented Valuation for Energy Storage Amidst Extreme Events

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2023年第3期9卷 15-25页

作者： Youzhen Wu Jianxiao WANG Yiyang Song Yunyun Xie College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

In power grids,the frequency is increasing of extreme accidents which have a low probability but high risk such as natural disasters and deliberate attacks.This has sparked discussions on the resilience of power grids.Energy-storage systems(ESSs)are critical for enhancing the resilience of power grids.ESSs,with their mechanism of flexible charging and discharging,adjust energy usage as needed during disasters,thereby mitigating the impact on the grid and enhancing security and resilience.This,in turn,ensures the power system’s stable operation.Currently,there is limited systematic research quantifying the economic value of energy storage in resilience scenarios.Therefore,a model and methodology were proposed to quantify the value of energy storage systems for enhancing grid resilience during extreme events.A two-stage stochastic optimization mathematical model was developed.The first stage involves pre-deployment based on day-ahead expectations,and the second stage involves simulating potential failure scenarios through real-time scheduling.Considering the temporal dimension,the energy storage systems with flexible regulation capabilities was used as emergency power sources to reduce occurrences of load-shedding.Here,a novel index was proposed that quantifies the resilience value of energy storage as the economic value of energy storage per unit of capacity,as reflected in the emergency dispatch model.This index helps determine the balance between the energy storage investment cost and resilience value.Finally,an IEEE-30 node transmission system was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.The findings revealed a significant improvement in the resilience value,with a 23.49%increase observed when energy storage systems were implemented compared to the scenario without energy storage systems.The optimal capacity configurations for the flywheel,lithium-ion batteries,and pumped hydro storage were 10 MW,11 MW,and 12 MW,respectively,highlight their potential to maximize value in experimen

关键词： Energy storage dispatch model power system resilience resilience-oriented valuation two-stage optimization model

Soft Open Point Planning in Renewable-dominated Distribution Grids with Building Thermal Storage

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 244-253页

作者： Tiance Zhang Jianxiao WANG Haiwang Zhong Gengyin Li Ming Zhou Dejie Zhao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China. Dept.of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With an increasing integration of intermittent distributed energy resources(DERs),the consequent voltage excursion and thermal overloading issues limit the self-sufficiency of distribution networks(DNs).The concept of soft open point(SOP)has been proposed as a promising solution to improve the hosting capacity of DNs.In this paper,considering the ability of building thermal storage(BTS)to increase the penetration of renewable energy in DNs,we provide an optimal planning framework for SOP and DER.The optimal planning model is aimed at minimizing the investment and operational costs while respecting various constraints,including the self-sufficiency requirement of the DN,SOP,building thermal storage capacity and DER operations,etc.A steady-state SOP model is formulated and linearized to be incorporated into the planning framework.To make full use of the BTS flexibility provided by ubiquitous buildings,a differential equation model for building thermal dynamics is formulated.A hybrid stochastic/robust optimization approach is adopted to depict the uncertainties in renewable energy and market prices.IEEE 33-bus feeder and a realistic DN in the metropolitan area of Caracas are tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and method.Case studies show that SOP/BTS plays a complementary and coordinated coupling role in the thermo-electric system,thereby effectively improving the hosting capacity and self-sufficiency of DNs.

关键词： Building thermal storage distributed generation planning soft open point thermos-electric system

Role of optimal transmission switching in accommodating renewable energy in deep peak regulation-enabled power systems

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Global Energy Interconnection 2020年第6期3卷 577-584页

作者： Qi An Jianxiao WANG Gengyin Li Ming Zhou North China Electric Power University Changping DistrictBeijing 102206P.R.China

Due to the shortage of fossil energy and the pollution caused by combustion of fossil fuels,the proportion of renewable energy in power systems is gradually increasing across the world.Accordingly,the capacity of power systems to accommodate renewable energy must be improved.However,integration of a large amount of renewable energy into power grids may result in network congestion.Hence,in this study,optimal transmission switching(OTS)is considered as an important method of accommodating renewable energy.It is incorporated into the operation of a power grid along with deep peak regulation of thermal power units,forming an interactive mode of coordinated operation of source and network.A stochastic unit commitment model consider!ng deep peak regulation and OTS is established,and the role of OTS in promoting the accommodation of renewable energy is analyzed quantitatively.The results of case studies involving the IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate that OTS can enable utilization of the potential of deep peak regulation and facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy.

关键词： Deep peak regulation Renewable energy Security-constrained unit commitment Transmission switching

Palladium-Catalyzed anti-Markovnikov Halosulfonamidation of Unactivated Alkene

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第5期42卷 464-470页

作者： Bowen wang jianxiao Li Wanqing Wu Huanfeng Jiang State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510641 China

Palladium-catalyzed regioselective amination of unactivated alkene remains a challenge and is of great interest.Herein,a three-component coupling of unactivated alkene,sulfonamide,and N-halo compounds accessing vicinal haloamine has been conceived.This aminohalogenation represents a modular and regioselective strategy.The electrophilic halogenating agent enables regioselective anti-Markovnikov aminopalladation and facilitates subsequent halogenation events.And this protocol is characterized by gram-scale syntheses and late-stage functionalizations.Of note,the recovered byproduct phthalimide allows for reusing by conversion to the starting material.

关键词： Unactivated alkene anti-Markovnikov aminopalladation Vicinal haloamine Palladium catalysis Halosulfonamidation Selectivity N-Halo compounds

Generation-expansion planning with linearized primary frequency response constraints

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Global Energy Interconnection 2020年第4期3卷 346-354页

作者： Zihan wang Jianxiao WANG Gengyin Li Ming Zhou School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206P.R.China

As renewable energy resources increasingly penetrate the electric grid,the inertia capability of power systems has become a developmental bottleneck.Nevertheless,the importance of primary frequency response(PFR)when making generation-expansion plans has been largely ignored.In this paper,we propose an optimal generation-expansion planning framework for wind and thermal power plants that takes PFR into account.The model is based on the frequency equivalent model.It includes investment,startup/shutdown,and typical operating costs for both thermal and renewable generators.The linearization constraints of PFR are derived theoretically.Case studies based on the modified IEEE 39-bus system demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with methods that ignore PFR,the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the cost of the entire planning and operation cycle,improving the accommodation rate of renewable energy.

关键词： Frequency equivalent model Generation expansion planning Inertia Primary frequency response

Dispatching Fuel-cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Toward Transportation and Energy Systems Integration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第4期9卷 1540-1550页

作者： Dejie Zhao Ming Zhou Jianxiao WANG Tiance Zhang Gengyin Li Honghui Zhang School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin300300China

With the increasing integration of traditional elec-tric vehicles(EVs),the ensuing congestion and overloading issues have threatened the reliability of power grid operations.Hydrogen has been advocated as a promising energy carrier to achieve low-carbon transportation and energy(trans-energy)systems,which can support the popularization of fuel-cell hybrid EVs(FCHEVs)while enhancing the flexibility of power grids.In this paper,we propose an optimal scheduling framework for trans-energy systems that evaluates the merits of the hydrogen supply chain from water electrolysis,compressed storage and transportation to FCHEV utilization.A detailed FCHEV model is established,and mileage is modeled as a function of the stored electricity and hydrogen mass.A stochastic programming-based scheduling model is formulated,which minimizes the total cost of unit commitment and the hydrogen supply chain.The Dijkstra algorithm is adopted to search the shortest path for hydrogen transportation.Case studies demonstrate that FCHEVs can reduce the operational costs of tran-energy systems and facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy when compared to traditional EVs.Index Terms-Fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle,hydrogen,mileage model,shortest path search,trans-energy systems.

关键词： Fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle hydrogen,mileage model shortest path search trans-energy systems.

On the Consistency of Renewable-to-Hydrogen Pricing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 392-402页

作者： Litao Zheng Jianxiao WANG Yang Yu Gengyin Li Ming Zhou Qing Xia Guizhi Xu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute co. Ltd.State Grid Corporation of ChinaBeijing 102211China

With the proposal of carbon neutrality goals and hydrogen energy development strategies in various countries,the development and construction of hydrogen supply chains have become important priorities.However,existing research has paid little attention to the hydrogen market and pricing.Therefore,a hydrogen pricing method based on marginal pricing theory is proposed in this paper,which adapts to hydrogen systems with renewable-to-hydrogen as a major source,in the future.A hydrogen energy market is established to define the industrial chain of hydrogen and the hydrogen trading process.The hydrogen market-clearing model is formulated considering a dynamic line pack.Due to its nonconvexity,the model is equivalently converted into mixed-integer second-order cone programming,and the optimality gap is minimized by introducing a penalty term.Based on the clearing solution,the concept and calculation method of the locational marginal hydrogen price(LMHP)are proposed with respect to the locational marginal price(LMP)in electricity markets.Case studies based on a modified Belgium 20-node gas network and Pennsylvania,New Jersey,and Maryland(PJM)market operation data demonstrate the consistency between LMHP and LMP.

关键词： Hydrogen market locational marginal price renewable-to-hydrogen second-order cone programming Weymouth equation

Fast Solution Method for the Large-scale Unit Commitment Problem with Long-term Storage

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2023年第3期9卷 39-49页

作者： Bo Li Chunjie Qin Ruotao Yu Wei Dai Mengjun Shen Ziming Ma Jianxiao WANG School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Chengdu 610041China National Power Dispatching and Control Center State Grid Corporation of ChinaBeijing 100031China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications(Peking University) Beijing 100871China

Long-term storage(LTS)can provide various services to address seasonal fluctuations in variable renewable energy by reducing energy curtailment.However,long-term unit commitment(UC)with LTS involves mixed-integer programming with large-scale coupling constraints between consecutive intervals(state-of-charge(SOC)constraint of LTS,ramping rate,and minimum up/down time constraints of thermal units),resulting in a significant computational burden.Herein,an iterative-based fast solution method is proposed to solve the long-term UC with LTS.First,the UC with coupling constraints is split into several sub problems that can be solved in parallel.Second,the solutions of the sub problems are adjusted to obtain a feasible solution that satisfies the coupling constraints.Third,a decoupling method for long-term time-series coupling constraints is proposed to determine the global optimization of the SOC of the LTS.The price-arbitrage model of the LTS determines the SOC boundary of the LTS for each sub problem.Finally,the sub problem with the SOC boundary of the LTS is iteratively solved independently.The proposed method was verified using a modified IEEE 24-bus system.The results showed that the computation time of the unit combination problem can be reduced by 97.8%,with a relative error of 3.62%.

关键词： Constraint splitting long-term storage mix-integer programming unit commitment

Evaluating the reliability of distributed photovoltaic energy system and storage against household blackout

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Global Energy Interconnection 2021年第1期4卷 18-27页

作者： Yimeng Sun Jie Gao Jianxiao WANG Ziyang Huang Gengyin Li Ming Zhou School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206P.R.China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd TianjinP.R.China

Distributed energy resources have been proven to be an effective and promising solution to enhance power system resilience and improve household-level reliability.In this paper,we propose a method to evaluate the reliability value of a photovoltaic(PV)energy system with a battery storage system(BSS)by considering the probability of grid outages causing household blackouts.Considering this reliability value,which is the economic profit and capital cost of PV+BSS,a simple formula is derived to calculate the optimal planning strategy.This strategy can provide household-level customers with a simple and straightforward expression for invested PV+BSS capacity.Case studies on 600 households located in eight zones of the US for the period of 2006 to 2015 demonstrate that adding the reliability value to economic profit allows households to invest in a larger PV+BSS and avoid loss of load caused by blackouts.Owing to the differences in blackout hours,households from the 8 zones express distinct willingness to install PV+BSS.The greater the probability of blackout,the greater revenue that household can get from the PV+BSS.The simulation example shows that the planning strategy obtained by proposed model has good economy in the actual operation and able to reduce the economic risk of power failure of the household users.This model can provide household with an easy and straightforward investment strategy of PV+BSS capacity.

关键词： Battery storage Distributed generation planning Household blackout Reliability value Realistic dataset