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Development of an eDNA metabarcoding tool for surveying the world’s largest amphibian

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 608-614页

作者： Jie Wang Ping Liu jiang Chang Cheng Li Feng Xie Jianping jiang CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041Chinaand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Due to the overexploitation of farming,as well as habitat destruction,the wild population of Chinese giant salamander(CGS)Andrias davidianus,a species with seven genetically distinct lineages,has decreased by over 80%in the past 70 years.Traditional survey methods have proven to be unsuitable for finding this rare and elusive species.We evaluated the efficacy of environmental DNA(eDNA)sampling to detect CGS indirectly from its aquatic environment.We developed several species-specific primer sets;validated their specificity and sensitivity;and assessed their utility in silico,in the laboratory,and at two field sites harboring released farm-bred CGS.We detected the presence of CGS DNA by using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing.We also sequenced an amplicon mixture of seven haplotype-represented samples using high-throughput sequencing.Our eDNA methods could detect the presence of CGS at moderate densities reported across its range,proving them as a cost-effective way to establish broad-scale patterns of occupancy for CGS.In addition,our primers enabled the detection of mitochondrial lineage mixture or introduced individuals from geographically isolated populations of CGS.

关键词： Andrias davidianus Chinese giant salamander eDNA metabarcoding population survey

A New Species of the Genus Hebius Thompson,1913(Serpentes:Natricidae)from Yunnan,China

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亚洲两栖爬行动物研究:英文版 2023年第3期14卷 212-226页

作者： Shun MA Shengchao SHI Budian AYI Jianping jiang Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangdu 854500TibetChina

A new keelback snake of the genus Hebius,H.jingdongensis sp.nov.,is reported from Jingdong in Yunnan,China based on a combination of molecular and morphological evidence.Although closest to H.khasiensis and H.boulengeri phylogenetically,this new species is genetically distinct amongst congeners with the mitochondrial Cyt b uncorrected p-distance ranging from 9.5%(vs.H.octolineatus)to 14.8%(vs.H.andreae).In addition,this new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)body cylindrical,tail relatively short,TaL/TL 0.235–0.243;(2)dorsal scale rows 19-19-17;(3)ventrals 163–166,cloacal plate divided,subcaudals 71–74 pairs;(4)supralabials 8,the first two contact with the nasals;(5)infralabials 9 or 10,preocular 1,postoculars 3;(6)body dorsum sandy beige with the sides yellowish-brown decorated with two brick-red stripes on the dorsolateral scale rows in life;(7)sutures between the labials brick-red in life and taupe in preservative;(8)ventral light yellow with the outer part of each scale brick-red in life;(9)ventrolateral stripes present.

关键词： Hebius jingdongensis sp.nov. molecular phylogeny morphology taxonomy Yunnan province

Multiple Data Sources Reveal a New Asian Leaf Litter Toad of Leptobrachella Smith, 1925 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Southwestern China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第1期14卷 65-94,I0004页

作者： Shengchao SHI Tuo SHEN Xin WANG Jianping jiang Bin WANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Natural History Museum Chongqing 400700China Beibei District Commission of Culture and Tourism Development in Chongqing Chongqing 400700China College of Forestry Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina

A new species of Leptobrachella is described from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality,China.Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences indicated that the new species is genetically divergent from its congeners.It could be identified from its congeners by a combination of followings characters:body size of male 29.1-34.1 mm(n=14),female 34.1-34.9 mm(n=4);dorsal skin rough with large tubercles in size of humeral glands,without conical spines;fringes on toes narrow;ventral body basically floral white with deep grey pigments all over;dorsal body deep greyish brown with smoky black markings;iris gold above,gradually silver bellow;tibia-tarsal articulation reaches the level of the middle of the eye when leg being stretched forward;the main call type with dominant frequency4.08 ± 0.16 kHz(14.1-14.9℃),call duration 170.35± 15.19ms,the number of pulses for the first note in a call 3.50±0.89,and the number of pulses for the second note in a call 5.08±0.77.

关键词： bioacoustics Megophryidae molecular phylogenetic analyses morphology new species

Metagenomic Analysis of Mangshan Pit Viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis) Gut Microbiota Reveals Differences among Wild and Captive Individuals Linked to Hibernating Behaviors

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第4期13卷 251-268页

作者： Bing ZHANG Xiangyun DING Jianping jiang Linhai LI Daode YANG Institute of Wildlife Conservation Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina Qilu Normal University Jinan 250200ShandongChina Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Department for Wildlife and Forest Plants Protetion National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100714China

Gut microbiota play important roles in the immunity,digestion,and energy meta bolism of their reptile hosts.Mangshan pit viper(Protobothrops mangshanensis)is a critically endangered snake species that is a Class I national protected species in China.Little is known regarding the relationship between P.mangshanensis and their gut microbial communities.In this study,the gut microbiota of wild P.mangshanensis individuals,artificially hiberna ting captive individuals,and non-hibernating captive individuals were compared across nine samples.Comparative shotgun metagenomic analysis was used to investigate the taxonomic composition,diversity,and function of P.mangshanensis gut microbial communities and assess whether their gut microbiomes were affected by their living environments and captivity conditions.The dominant phyla within P.mangshanensis gut microbial communities were Proteobacteria(65.55%),Bacteroidetes(15.97%),and Firmicutes(8.11%).Enriched functional pathways within the gut microbiota included meta bolism(54.9%),environmental information processing(9.67%),and genetic information processing(9.37%).Wild snake gut communities exhibited higher microbial diversity than the other two groups.The gut microbiomes of wild and hibernating captive snakes may be more reflective of healthy intestinal homeostasis than that in nonhibernating snakes.Specifically,non-hibernating snakes exhibited increased levelsof potentially pathogenic populations and functional specialization within gut microbial communities.Thus,different livingenvironments and captivitymethodsmay correspond to major shifts in microbiota composition,diversity,and function within P.mangshanensis.This study provides important insights to help guide the conservation of P.mangshanensis,while also carrying broad implications for our understanding of the effects of living environments and non-hibernating captivity conditions on the gut microbiota of snakes.

关键词： composition and diversity gene functions and pathways gutmicrobiota metagenomics Protobothrops mangshanensis

A New Species of the Genus Nanorana Günther,1896(Anura:Dicroglossidae)from Hengduan Mountains of China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第4期14卷 300-318页

作者： Feirong JI Shengchao SHI Shun MA Cheng SHEN Liming CHANG Jianping jiang Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangdu 854500XizangChina

An integrative study based on morphological data and mitochondrial molecular data of all known Nanorana(sensu stricto)species have revealed a new species from the Hengduan Mountains,N.huangi sp.nov.The new species can be distinguished from its congers by its:(1)medium body size,SVL 31.3–40.6 mm in adult males(n=12),39.2–48.1 mm in adult females(n=8);(2)absence of subarticular tubercles on fingers,with supernumerary tubercles below the base of the fingers small but distinct;(3)presence of dark dorsal patches without pale margins,generally creamy yellow ventral body basically,bright yellow ventral limbs;(4)small but prominent tympanum;(5)tibio-tarsal joint that reaches to the tympanum or the shoulder when hindlimbs adpressed forward towards body;(6)head length more than 30%of SVL.In addition,the new species can be separated from all other congeners by uncorrected genetic distances:ranging from 2.8%–7.5%of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA,1.1%–2.1%of the 16S rRNA,and 7.5%–11.5%of the COI.

关键词： Hengduan Mountains Nanorana huangi sp.nov. new species taxonomy

Intraspecific variation in microhabitat selection in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 121-127页

作者： Chunlin Zhao Jianyi Feng Zijian Sun Wei Zhu jiang Chang Wenbo Fan Jianping jiang Bisong Yue Tian Zhao Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment(Ministry of Education) College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Reintroduction of captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders is a primary approach for restoring wild populations.Despite previous studies have investigated the habitat preferences of reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders,the intraspecific variation in their habitat selection has been neglected.In the present study,30 captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders belonging to 3 groups(i.e.,10 males,10 females,and 10 juveniles)were released into a montane stream to explore whether intraspecific variation in habitat selection occurred in this species using radiotelemetry.Our results indicated that linear home range and daily movement of males were significantly higher than those of females and juveniles.Male sedentariness was significantly lower than that of females and juveniles.No significant differences were detected between females and juveniles in these measures.Importantly,we found that males preferred microhabitats with low water conductivity and deep water depth.Females preferred microhabitats with high water conductivity,low dissolved oxygen and ammonium-nitrogen,and slow current velocity,while juveniles occupied microhabitats with low ammonium-nitrogen.In addition,males and juveniles exhibited higher niche breadth than females.Niche overlap was high between adults and juveniles but low between males and females.Our study revealed the presence of spatial segregation in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders.Males,females,and juveniles exhibited variation in microhabitat selection.These results provide important information for use when planning strategies for conservation of Chinese giant salamanders.

关键词： intraspecific variability microhabitatvariables niche reintroduction spatial segregation

Robust missile autopilot design based on dynamic surface control

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第1期34卷 160-171页

作者： ZHOU jianping LI Wei XIA Qunli jiang Huan School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Since the dynamical system and control system of the missile are typically nonlinear, an effective acceleration tracking autopilot is designed using the dynamic surface control(DSC)technique in order to make the missile control system more robust despite the uncertainty of the dynamical parameters and the presence of disturbances. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical model of the tail-controlled missile is decomposed into slow acceleration dynamics and fast pitch rate dynamics based on the naturally existing time scale separation. Secondly, the controller based on DSC is designed after obtaining the linear dynamics characteristics of the slow and fast subsystems. An extended state observer is used to detect the uncertainty of the system state variables and aerodynamic parameters to achieve the compensation of the control law. The closed-loop stability of the controller is derived and rigorously analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the design is verified by Monte Carlo simulation considering different initial conditions and parameter uptake. Simulation results illustrate that the missile autopilot based DSC controller achieves better performance and robustness than the other two well-known autopilots.The method proposed in this paper is applied to the design of a missile autopilot, and the results show that the acceleration tracking autopilot based on the DSC controller can ensure accurate tracking of the required commands and has better performance.

关键词： acceleration autopilot nonlinear missile dynamics time-scale separation extended state observer dynamic surface control(DSC)

Unveiling the roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in phenotypic differentiation of parapatric frogs

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 383-392页

作者： Yan HUANG Xiaoyi Wang Xin Yang Jianping jiang Junhua Hua CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637009China

Understanding how ecological processes affect phenotypic evolution has been and continues to be an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Interspecific competition for resources can be a selective force driving phenotypic differentiation that reduces competition among sympatric species (character divergence), enabling closely-related species to coexist. However, although patterns of character divergence are well documented in both empirical and theoretical researches, how local adaptation to abiotic environment affects trait evolution in the face of interspecific competition is less known. Here, we investigate how patterns in morphological traits of 2 parapatric frog species, Feirana quadranus and F. taihangnica, vary among allopatric and sympatric regions using range-wide data derived from extensive field surveys. Feirana quadranus was overall larger than F. taihangnica in body size (i.e., snout-vent length [SVL]), and the difference between SVL of both species in sympatry was larger than that in allopatry. From allopatry to sympatry, the 2 species diverged in foot and hand traits, but converged in eye size and interorbital span, even when we controlled for the effects of geographic gradients. Sympatric divergence in SVL, hand and foot traits is likely acting as a case of evolutionary shift caused by interspecific competition. In contrast, sympatric convergence of eye-related traits may derive at least partly from adaptation to local environments. These results imply the relative roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in shaping phenotypic diversification. Our findings illustrate how traits evolve in parapatric species pair due to sympatric divergent and convergent evolution. It thus provides insights into understanding underlying evolutionary processes of parapatric species, that is, competition and local adaptation.

关键词： adaptive evolution character convergence character displacement Feirana functional traits resource competition

A Multiscale Model of Mass-Functionally Graded Beam-Fluid System Under Bending and Vibration Responses

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ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA 2024年第2期37卷 327-340页

作者： Zhang, Lei Lin, jianping jiang, Jiaqing Wang, Guannan Zhejiang Univ Dept Civil Engn 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Ctr Balance Architecture Hangzhou 310007 Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Coll Civil Engn Xiamen 361021 Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Key Lab Intelligent Infrastruct & Monitoring Fujia Xiamen 361021 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Engn Mech Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

In this paper, a multiscale model is developed for the mass functionally graded (FG) beam-fluid system to investigate its static and dynamic responses based on 3D printed porous beam free vibration tests, which are determined by two aspects. At the microstructural level, the gradient variation is realized by arbitrary distribution of matrix pores, and the effective moduli under specific distribution are obtained using the micromechanics homogenization theory. In the meantime, at the structural level, the mechanical responses of FG porous beams subjected to mass loading are considered in a static fluid environment. Then, the explicit expressions of local finite-element (FE) expressions corresponding to the static and dynamic responses are given in the appendices. The present results are validated against numerical and experimental results from the literature and mechanical tests of 3D printed structures, with good agreement generally obtained, giving credence to the present model. On this basis, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out, with a particular focus on the effects of boundary conditions, fluid density, and slenderness ratio on the bending and vibration of FG beams with several different gradations.

关键词： 3D printed test Mass functionally graded beam-fluid system Multiscale model Local finite-element expressions Static bending Free vibration HYDROELASTIC RESPONSE ELASTICITY SOLUTIONS VLFS PLATE