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Application of Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell to Homogenization Experiments of Silicate Melt Inclusions

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 854-864页

作者： li jiankang li Shenghu MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China University of Geosciences

The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic *** homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope-mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold-seal high-pressure *** stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization *** contrast,cold-seal high-pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures,although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this *** we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell （HDAC） apparatus to homogenize *** is the only current method wherein phase changes in high-internal-pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments,which represents an advantage over other conventional *** an HDAC apparatus prevents high-internal-pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure,in addition to allowing in situ observations of *** type-V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types,potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working *** experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps,including HDAC preparation,sample preparation,sample loading,preheating,and formal heating,be carefully *** experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit （Sichuan,China） are best performed using an HDAC-based approach,because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs,combined with a short heating duration,helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs,in add

关键词： silicate melt inclusions homogenization experiments hydrothermal diamond anvil cell,cold-seal pressure vessel Jiajika pegmatite deposit

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The Ore-forming Mechanism of the Jiajika Pegmatite-Type Rare Metal Deposit in Western Sichuan Province:Evidence from Isotope Dating

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第1期87卷 91-101页

作者： li jiankang WANG Denghong CHEN Yuchuan MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResoucesCAGS Colleage of Earth Science and Resources Chang'an University

Granitic pegmatites are commonly thought to form by fractional crystallization or by liquid immiscibility of granitic magma; however, these proposals are based mainly on analyses of fluid and melt inclusions. Here, we use the Jiajika pegmatite deposit, the largest spodumene deposit in Asia, as a case study to investigate ore forming processes using isotope dating. Dating of a single granite sample from the Jiajika deposit using multiple methods gave a zircon U-Pb SHRIMP age of 208.4 ~ 3.9 Ma, an 4~Ar/39Ar age for muscovite of 182.9 ~ 1.7 Ma, and an 4~Ar/39Ar age for biotite of 169.9 ＋ 1.6 Ma. Based on these dating results and the 4~Ar/39Ar age of muscovite from the Jiajika pegmatite, a temperature-time cooling track for the Jiajika granite was constructed using closure temperatures of the different isotope systems. This track indicates that the granite cooled over ^-40 m. y., with segregation of the pegmatite fluid from the granitic magma at a temperature of ~700~C. This result suggests that the Jiajika pegmatite formed not by fractional crystallization, but by segregation of an immiscible liquid from the granitic magma. When compared with fractional crystallization, the relatively early timing of segregation of an immiscible liquid from a granitic magma can prevent the precipitation of ore-forming elements during crystallization, and suggests that liquid immiscibility could be an important ore-forming process for rare metal pegmatities. We also conclude that isotope dating is a method that can potentially be used to determine the dominant ore-forming processes that occurred during the formation of granite-related ore deposits, and suggest that this method can be employed to determine the formation history of the W-Sn ore deposits found elsewhere within the Nanling Metallogenic Belt.

关键词： isotope dating liquid immiscibility in granitic magmas pegmatite Jiajika rare metal deposit

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Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Asikaerte Granitic Pegmagtite Beryllium Deposit in Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 1053-1054页

作者： DING Xin li jiankang School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Objective Granitic pegmatite has great significance for studying magmatic-hydrothermal evolution, which is the main formation mechanism of rare metal deposits. Conventionally, granitic pegmatite rare metal deposits are regarded as crystallization from H20-saturated granite magma that formed in the late fractional crystallization of granitic magma. However, some scholars recently believed that the liquid immiscibility of granitic magma promoted the formation of pegmatite deposits. The Asikaerte beryllium deposit in Xinjiang, China, bearing metallogenic belts from lower granite belt to upper pegmatite belt, could benefit us to understand the formation of pegmatite through analyzing fluid and melt inclusions data.

关键词： Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Asikaerte Granitic Pegmagtite Beryllium Deposit in Xinjiang China

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Timing of Anatexis within the Berere HTHP Complex Belt of Maevatanana Area,North-Central Madgascar,and its Geological Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1393-1409页

作者： li Peng liU Shanbao li jiankang SHI Guanghai liU Xiang MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Hunan Nuclear Geology Changsha 410011China

The Berere HTHP Complex belt in Maevatanana area of north–central Madagascar formed in the^2.5 Ga orogeny and underwent high temperature(up to 1050℃)and high pressure(up to 11.5 kbar)granulite facies *** a widespread anatexis took place and numerous widely distributed felsic leucosomes *** majority of these leucosomes are parallel to the schistosity of the complex or are present as stockworks,as thin layers,or as lenses at different scales in the host ***,we report new petrographic data,zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages,and Lu–Hf isotopic data for felsic leucosomes within this ***,as identified by the petrological study of felsic leucosomes in the field and in thin sections,involved initial ternary feldspar exsolving to produce antiperthite and a quartz+plagioclase±K-feldspar+sericite mineral assemblage around feldspar grain *** is apparent along muscovite grain boundaries,and residual sericite is present around the margins of feldspar and quartz,all suggesting that anatexis was driven by reactions involving *** U–Pb dating indicates that the felsic leucosomes within the complex formed at 2467–2369 *** majority of samples have positiveεHf(t)values,although a few have negative values,suggesting their formation from magmas predominantly sourced from the depleted mantle,possibly with the involvement of minor amounts of crustal ***-stage Hf model ages andεHf(t)values for these samples are consistent with those for gneisses of the basement,indicating that the felsic leucosomes were formed by the anatexis of gneisses and both of their protolith formed during the formation of continental crust in Meso-Neoarchean(ca.3.1–2.7 Ga).As such,the crystallization age of the felsic leucosome(~2.4 Ga)represents the timing of regional anatexis and a change to post-orogenic *** this anatexis is also corresponds to the thermal event in Dharwar craton in India which has a pronounced similar Precambri

关键词： anatexis felsic leucosome U-Pb zircon dating Lu-Hf isotope Madagascar

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Geology and mineralization of the Songpan-Ganze-West Kunlun pegmatite-type rare-metal metallogenic belt in China:An overview and synthesis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第8期66卷 1702-1724页

作者： jiankang li Peng li Qinggao YAN Denghong WANG Guangli REN Xin DING MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Xi’an Center of Geological Survey China Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

The Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau extends westward from the Songpan-Ganze terrain in western Sichuan to the Tianshuihai region in West Kunlun,*** hosts numerous giant spodumene pegmatite deposits and ore fields,including Jiajika and Ke’eryin in western Sichuan Province,Zhawulong on the border between the Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces,and Dahongliutan in Xinjiang *** form the Songpan-Ganze-West Kunlun(SP-GZ-WK) pegmatite-type rare-metal metallogenic *** pegmatite type rare-metal deposits in this belt are hosted in the metamorphic thermal domes in the metamorphosed flysh of the Triassic Xikang and Bayankalashan *** mineralized pegmatites are intimately related to the li-and volatile-rich two-mica granites that are peraluminous and have high(li+Na+K)/(Mn+Fe+Mg+Ca+Ti) *** and granites in individual ore field throughout the belt typically form a cogenetic granite-pegmatite system,in which pegmatite dikes commonly surround *** is the predominant ore mineral in most pegmatites with limited hydrothermal *** the granite-pegmatite systems,granitic magmas were emplaced under P-T conditions of 800–850°C and ~550 MPa,while spodumene crystallized in an alkaline *** granite-pegmatite systems share similar Sr-Nd-Hf-li isotopic compositions to the metasediments of the Xikang and Bayankalashan *** δ7li values tend to increase from the granites to the li-poor pegmatites,whereas the reverse is observed between the li-poor and li-rich *** geochronological data suggest that the granite-pegmatite systems formed in the Late Triassic and tend to be progressively younger from the outer to the inner zones of the metallogenic *** characteristics show that the granitic-pegmatitic melts were derived from the anatexis of the Xikang and Bayankalashan Groups during the Paleo-Tethyan orogeny in the Late *** separation of pegmatitic melts

关键词： Songpan-Ganze-West Kunlun metallogenic belt Rare-metal deposit Granitic pegmatite Spodumene Metallogenic regularity

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Fluid Characteristics and Evolution of the Zhawulong Granitic Pegmatite lithium Deposit in the Ganzi-Songpan Region, Southwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第4期93卷 943-954页

作者： XIONG Xin li jiankang WANG Denghong li Shanping liN Hao MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources of Northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Qinghai Institute of Geological SurveyXining 810012China Qinghai University Xining 810016China

The Zhawulong granitic pegmatite lithium deposit is located in the Ganzi-Songpan orogenic *** inclusions in spodumene and coexisting quartz were studied to understand the cooling path and evolution of fluid within albite–spodumene *** are three distinguishable types of fluid inclusions:crystal-rich,CO2–NaCl–H2 O,and NaCl–H2 *** more than 500°C and 350~480 MPa,crystal-rich fluid inclusions were captured during the pegmatitic magma-hydrothermal transition stage,characterized by a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a carbonate *** 412°C and 278°C,CO2–Na Cl–H2 Ofluid inclusions developed in spodumene(I)and quartz(II)with a low salinity(3.3–11.9 wt%NaCl equivalent)and a high volatile content,which represent the boundary between the transition stage and the hydrothermal *** subsequentNaCl–H2 Ofluid inclusions from the hydrothermal stage,between 189°C and 302°C,have a low salinity(1.1–13.9 wt%NaCl equivalent).The various types of fluid inclusions reveal the P–T conditions of pegmatite formation,which marks the transition process from magmatic to *** oreforming fluids from the Zhawulong deposit have many of the same characteristics as those from the Jiajika lithium *** ore-forming fluid provided not only materials for crystallization of rare metal minerals,such as spodumene and beryl,but also the ideal conditions forthe growth of ore ***,this area has favorable conditions for lithium enrichment and excellent prospecting potential.

关键词： granitic pegmatite fluid inclusions rare metals lithium deposit Zhawulong

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Origin and Geological Significance of TTG Gneisses from the Maevatanana Greenstone Belt in North-Central Madagascar,and A Comparison with India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 1003-1024页

作者： li Peng li jiankang liU Shanbao PEI Rongfu SHI Guanghai Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences

The Maevatanana greenstone belt in north-central Madagascar contains widespread exposures of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite （TTG） gneisses, and is important for its concentrations of various metal deposits （e.g., chromium, niekle, iron, gold）. In this paper we report on the petrography, and major and trace element compositions of the TTG gneisses within the Berere Complex of the Maevatanana area, as well as LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of zircons from the gneisses. The gneisses consist mainly of granitoid gneiss and biotite （± hornblende） plagiogneiss, and analysis of thin sections provides evidence of crushing, recrystallization, and metasomatism related to dynamic metamorphism. Samples have large variations in their major and trace element contents, with SiO2 = 55.87-68.06 wt%, Al2O3 = 13.9-17.8 wt%, and Na2O/K2O= 0.97-2.13. Geochemically, the granitoid gneisses and biotite plagiogneisses fall on a low-Al trondhjemite to granodiorite trend, while the biotite-hornblende plagiogneisses represent a high-Al tonalite TTG assemblage. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the Berere Complex TTG gneisses formed at 2.5-2.4 Ga. Most εHf（t） values of zircons from the biotite （q- hornblende） plagiogneisses are positive, while most εHf（t） values from the granitoid gneisses are negative, suggesting a degree of crustal contamination. Two-stage Hf model ages suggest that the age of the protolith of the TTG gneisses was ca. 3.4-2.6 Ga, representing a period of paleocontinent formation in the Mesoarchean. Geothermometries indicate the temperature of metamorphism of the TTG gneisses was 522-612℃. Based on these data, the protolith of the TTG gneisses is inferred to have formed during the development of a Mesoarchean paleocontinent that is now widely exposed as a TTG gneiss belt （mostly lower amphibolite facies） in the Maevatanana area, and which records a geological evolution related to the subduction of an ancient oceanic crust and the collision of microcontinent

关键词： TTG gneiss petrology geochronology Maevatanana greenstone belt Madagascar India

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Biomaterial Scaffolds with Biomimetic Fluidic Channels for Hepatocyte Culture

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第1期10卷 57-64页

作者： Xiao li jiankang He Yaxiong liu Qian Zhao WanquanWu Dichen li Zhongmin Jin State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 P. R. China

Biomaterial scaffolds play an important role in maintaining the viability and biological functions of highly metabolic hepatocytes in liver tissue engineering. One of the major challenges involves building a complex microchannel network inside three-dimensional （3D） scaffolds for efficient mass transportation. Here we presented a biomimetic strategy to generate a mi- crochannel network within porous biomaterial scaffolds by mimicking the vascular tree of rat liver. The typical parameters of the blood vessels were incorporated into the biomimetic design of the microchannel network such as branching angle and diameter. Silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds with biomimetic vascular tree were fabricated by combining micromolding, freeze drying and 3D rolling techniques. The relationship between the micro-channeled design and flow pattern was revealed by a flow experiment, which indicated that the scaffolds with biomimetic vascular tree exhibited unique capability in improving mass transportation inside the 3D scaffold. The 3D scaffolds, preseeded with primary hepatocytes, were dynamically cultured in a bioreactor system. The results confirmed that the pre-designed biomimetic microchannel network facilitated the generation and expansion of hepatocytes.

关键词： liver tissue engineering scaffold biomimetic vascular tree dynamic culture hepatocyte

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The Metallogenetic Regularities of lithium Deposits in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 652-670页

作者： li jiankang ZOU Tianren liU Xifang WANG Denghong DING Xin Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences China University of Geosciences

lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves, but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots, 14 lithium metallogenic series were identified, and granitic pegmatite, granite, and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The mctallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of, and prospecting for, lithium resources in China.

关键词： lithium deposit prediction type of lithium resources metallogenetic regularity metallogenic series pegmatite

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Stress Distribution in the Cruciform Specimen under Transverse Tension Stress for SiC/Ti-6Al-4V Composites

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稀有金属材料与工程 2009年第A03期38卷 33-36页

作者： Yang Yanqing Yuan Meini li jiankang Huang Bin Luo Xian State Key Lab of Solidification Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi＇an 710072 China

The cruciform specimen was selected to obtain the transverse tensile behavior of SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites. Moreover, the means of combining the unilaterally coupled finite element method with the transverse tensile test was developed to evaluate the interfacial normal bond strength of composites. The results showed that the initial non-linearity in the transverse stress-strain curve of SiC/Ti-6Al-4V occurs at the stress of 350 MPa. The means of combining the unilaterally coupled finite element method with the transverse tensile test is an effective method to predict the interfacial normal bond strength of composites. In addition, the interface failure mechanism of composites was analyzed in detail.

关键词：钛基复合材料物理性能应力有限元分析

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